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75 results for “Soil variables”
Dataset of soil, climatic and stand variables in Pinus sylvestris and Pinus halepensis plantations in Spain
<p>Soil, climatic and stand variables measured in 35 <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> and 32 <em>Pinus halepensis </em>plantations in Castilla y León region (Spain)</p>
Data on soil variables (with plot IDs) and grassland species traits used for the analysis of grassland vegetation data by Pillar, V.D. (2024) Trait divergence in plant community assembly is generated by environmental factor interactions. Journal of Vegetation Science, 35, e13259. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13259
<p>File <a href="../api/records/10983049/draft/files/Plot_IDs_990ua.txt/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Plot_IDs_990ua.txt</a> contains the IDs of the 1-m2 plots used for the analysis of grassland vegetation data by Pillar, V.D. (2024) Trait divergence in plant community assembly is generated by environmental factor interactions. The plot data are stored in the sPlot database (PPBio South Brazilian Grassland Database).</p> <p>File <a href="../api/records/10983049/draft/files/E_990ua_21SoilVar.txt/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">E_990ua_21SoilVar.txt</a> contains data on soil variables evaluated in the 250 m transects, but here expanded to the 990 1-m2 plots (each transect was sampled using 10 1-m2 pots).</p> <p>File <a href="../api/records/10983049/draft/files/B_769spp_4t.txt/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">B_769spp_4t.txt</a> is the species trait database collected in the framework of several research projects in the Quantitative Ecology Lab (EcoQua) and Grassland Vegetation Studies Lab (LevCamp) of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Data gaps were filled by compiled from the TRY database and data imputation.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Soil chemical variables improve models of understory plant species distributions
<div class="page"> <div class="section"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"><strong>Aim</strong></div> <div class="column">To determine the importance of soil variables relative to more commonly used topo-climatic or remotely sensed variables in species distribution models (SDMs) for understory plants.</div> <div class="column"> </div> <div class="column"><strong>Location</strong></div> <div class="column">White Mountain National Forest, New Hampshire, U.S.A.</div> <div class="column"> </div> <div class="column"><strong>Methods</strong></div> <div class="column">We fit models for presence of 41 forest understory plant species across 158 plots using soil, topographic, and spectral predictors to determine the relative contribution of different predictor types. We determined (a) if the potential importance of soil variables is greater than generally described in SDM literature, (b) which predictors are most important, and (c) if a standard subset of predictors can be used to effectively model all species.</div> <div class="column"> </div> <div class="column"><strong>Results</strong></div> <div class="column">Models containing all three predictor types performed best. Soil and topographic variables had comparable importance; spectral variables were of lesser importance. The best predictor variable was B horizon carbon to nitrogen ratio (B C:N), followed by topographic position index, elevation, and B horizon exchangeable calcium (B Ca). No standard subset effectively modeled all species.</div> <div class="column"> </div> <div class="column"><strong>Main conclusions</strong></div> <div class="column"> Our results and those of other SDMs that include in-situ soil geochemical data suggest that soil variables are increasingly important with more detailed descriptions of soils. Soil fertility data, such as B C:N and B Ca, are particularly important in acidic, forest soils where pH is a poor indicator of fertility. Commonly used topo-climatic variables provide meaningful predictions but are limited by their use of indirect predictor variables, inhibiting transferability and interpretability. The poor performance of models created using standard subsets of variables highlights the uniqueness of each species' niche and the need to combine flexible model building techniques with a variety of predictor variables.</div> </div> </div> </div>
Data for: Soil incubation data with intensified water variability
<p>The dataset is from an incubation experiment which was carried out in the dark at the temperature of 15°C and the relative humidity of 40% for approximately three months. The predominant soil sampled from a temperate grassland of northern China, it is chernozem and belongs to sandy loam, with sand, silt and clay percentages of 54%, 41% and 5%, respectively. The SOC content of the 0-10 cm layer is 4.2% and the pH is 6.9. This study manipulated soil water levels and the intensity of water variability with a total of six treatments. There were four replicates for each treatment for gas sampling. The average cumulative CO<sub>2</sub> release and the soil aggregate of the four replicates and its standard error (SE) are provided in the dataset. One additional group of destructive samplings and the soils for the gas sampling were collected at the wet end and dry end in the last drying-rewetting cycle, respectively. 14 phospholipid fatty acids (FLFA) markers were selected from the combination results of the wet and dry ends in the last drying-rewetting cycle.</p>
Data for: Local conditions matter: Minimal and variable effects of soil disturbance on microbial communities and functions in European vineyards
<p>Soil tillage or herbicide applications are commonly us<span>ed in agriculture for weed control. These measures may also represent a disturbance for soil microbial communities and their functions. However, the generality of response patterns of microbial communities and functions to disturbance have rarely been studied at large geographical scales. We investigated how a soil disturbance gradient (low, intermediate, high), realized by either tillage or herbicide application, affects diversity and composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities as well as soil functions in vineyards across five European countries. Microbial alpha-diversity metrics responded to soil disturbance sporadically, but inconsistently across countries. Increasing soil disturbance changed soil microbial community composition at the European level. However, the effects of soil disturbance on the variation of microbial communities were smaller compared to the effects of location and soil covariates. Microbial respiration was consistently impaired by soil disturbance, while effects on decomposition of organic substrates were inconsistent and showed positive and negative responses depending on the respective country. </span><span>Therefore, we conclude that it is difficult to extrapolate results from one locality to others because microbial communities and environmental conditions vary strongly over larger geographical scales.</span><span> </span></p>
Dataset for the Figure 2 in manuscript "Numerical study of coupled water and vapour flow, heat transfer, and solute transport in variably-saturated deformable soil during freeze-thaw cycles"
<p>This dataset includes the gathered experimental measurements of a freezing test by Wu (2017) for the model's verification shown in Figure 2 of the manuscript entitled 'Numerical study of coupled water and vapour flow, heat transfer, and solute transport in variably-saturated deformable soil during freeze-thaw cycles'' by Huang, X., and Rudolph, D.L.</p>
Data from: Soil microbes mediate the effects of resource variability on plant invasion
<p>A fundamental question in ecology is which species will prevail over others amid changes in both environmental mean conditions and their variability. Although the widely accepted fluctuating resource hypothesis predicts that increases in mean resource availability and variability therein will promote non-native plant invasion, it remains unclear to what extent these effects might be mediated by soil microbes. We grew eight invasive non-native plant species as target plants in pot-mesocosms planted with five different synthetic native communities as competitors and assigned them to eight combinations of two nutrient-fluctuation (constant vs pulsed), two nutrient-availability (low vs high) and two soil-microbe (living vs sterilized) treatments. We found that when plants grew in sterilized soil, nutrient fluctuation promoted the dominance of non-native plants under overall low nutrient availability, whereas the nutrient fluctuation had minimal effect under high nutrient availability. In contrast, when plants grew in living soil, nutrient fluctuation promoted the dominance of non-native plants under high nutrient availability rather than under low nutrient availability. Analysis of the soil microbial community suggests that this might reflect that nutrient fluctuation strongly increased the relative abundance of the most dominant pathogenic fungal family or genus under high nutrient availability, while decreasing it under low nutrient availability. Our findings are the first to indicate that besides its direct effect, environmental variability could also indirectly affect plant invasion via changes in soil microbial communities.</p>
Influence of small-scale spatial variability of soil properties on yield formation of winter wheat
<p>This is a data set of soil properties and plant properties of winter wheat.</p> <p>The data derived from a long-term field trial for the year 2016 at the Asendorf field station 70 km north of Hanover, Germany (49 m above sea level, 52°45′48.4′′N 9°01′24.3′′E) and a field site in Triesdorf, located in Northern Bavaria (450 m a.s.l., 49°12'36.5"N 10°38'33.9"E).</p> <p>Data includes soil (OC, bulk density, texture, pH-value) and plant data (grain yield, thousand grain weight, tillers per m², spikes per m²). All methods and data will be described in an upcoming journal article in the Journal Plant and Soil (DOI:10.1007/s111104-023-06212-2).</p>
Data from: Soil microbes mediate the effects of resource variability on plant invasion
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Data for: Local conditions matter: Minimal and variable effects of soil disturbance on microbial communities and functions in European vineyards
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Multifaceted precipitation patterns impact biocrust functionality in drylands: A cascade of variability via species replacement in soil microbiota
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Data for: Soil incubation data with intensified water variability
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Soil chemical variables improve models of understory plant species distributions
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Variability in terrestrial litter decomposition can be explained by nutrient allocation strategies among soil decomposer communities
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Variability in soil and litter arthropod populations in the Soil Freezing Study plots at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 2009-2010
Climate models for the northeastern United States (U.S.) over the next century project an increase in air temperature between 2.8 and 4.3 °C and a decrease in the average number of days per year when a snowpack will cover the forest floor. Warmer temperatures may benefit some litter arthropods by allowing them to expand their ranges and to increase their rates of reproduction. However, a reduction in snowpack depth and duration could offset these changes and lead to increased arthropod mortality because the snowpack plays an important role in insulating arthropods from freezing temperatures. We evaluated these potential changes by measuring arthropod abundance in the Soil Freezing Study plots at the Hubabard Brook Experimental Forest. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
SGS-LTER Graduate Student Research: Soil Respiration Rates as Biochemical Responses of US Great Plains Grasslands to Regional and Interannual Variability in Precipitation (1999-2001)
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/85531. Carbon (C) sequestration potential in grasslands is thought to be high due to the large soil organic carbon pools characteristic of these ecosystems. Inputs of C (aboveground net primary productivity) are highly correlated to precipitation across the Great Plains region; however, changes in C pool size at a specific site are governed by the relative input and output rates across time. Our objective was to quantify the ecosystem C response of three grassland community types (shortgrass steppe, mixed grass and tallgrass prairie) to interannual variation in precipitation. At five sites across a precipitation gradient in the Great Plains, we measured net primary production (NPP), soil respiration (SRESP), and litter decomposition rates for three consecutive years. NPP, SRESP, and litter decomposition increased from shortgrass steppe (175, 454, and 47 g C m-2 yr-1) to tallgrass prairie (408, 1221, and 348 g C m-2 yr-1 for NPP, SRESP, and litter decomposition respectively). Increased growing season precipitation between study years resulted in increased NPP, SRESP, and litter decomposition at almost all sites. However, the regional patterns of the interannual NPP, SRESP, and lit
Small scale variability in soil moisture drives infection of vulnerable juniper populations by invasive forest pathogen
<p><span><span>The oomycete plant pathogen, <i>Phytophthora austrocedri</i>, is an aggressive killer of cypress trees causing severe mortality of Chilean cedar (<i>Austrocedrus chilensis</i>) in Argentina since the 1940s and now common juniper (<i>Juniperus communis</i> s.l.) in the UK. Rapid mortality of key UK juniper populations was first observed in the early 2000s; the causal agent of mortality was confirmed as <i>P. austrocedri</i> in 2012 and the pathogen has now been widely detected - but is not ubiquitous - in juniper populations across Scotland and England. Although juniper has a broad distribution across the northern hemisphere, the UK incidence of <i>P. austrocedri</i> remains the only confirmed infection of juniper populations globally. Juniper is an important species for biodiversity, so it is imperative to understand the abiotic and biotic drivers of emergent <i>P. austrocedri</i> infection to inform detection, containment and conservation strategies to manage juniper populations across the full extent of its range. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>As management of UK juniper populations is primarily conducted at a local level, we investigated field scale drivers of disease – in three, geographically separate populations with different infection histories. Variation in the proportion of juniper showing symptoms - discoloured or dead foliage – was measured using stratified sampling across along key environmental gradients within each 100-hectare population, including juniper density identified from aerial imagery. Potential predictors of infection included altitude, slope, distance to nearest watercourse, soil moisture (mean percentage volumetric water content), area of red deer browsing damage and area of commonly associated vascular plant species. We assessed support in the data for alternative models explaining the spatial distribution of <i>P. austrocedri</i> symptoms using full subset covariate selection and Deviance Information Criteria (DIC). Despite differences in environmental gradients and infection histories between populations, area of juniper symptomatic for <i>P. austrocedri</i> increased with waterlogging, increasing with soil moisture in sites where soils had higher peat or clay contents, and decreasing with proximity to watercourses where sites had shallower, sandier soils. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>These results are consistent with key drivers identified at both local and landscape scale in Chilean cedar. Our approach enables identification of site-specific disease management strategies including prioritisation of inspections in microsites with high soil moisture and promoting conservation measures such as creation of sites for natural regeneration in drier microsites to minimise pathogen spread and maximise the resilience of existing juniper populations.</span></span></p>
Data from: Soil abiotic variables are more important than Salicaceae phylogeny or habitat specialization in determining soil microbial community structure
Predicting the outcome of interspecific interactions is a central goal in ecology. The diverse soil microbes that interact with plants are shaped by different aspects of plant identity, such as phylogenetic history and functional group. Species interactions may also be strongly shaped by abiotic environment, but there is mixed evidence on the relative importance of environment, plant identity, and their interactions in shaping soil microbial communities. Using a multi-factor, split-plot field experiment, we tested how hydrologic context, and three facets of Salicaceae plant identity - habitat specialization, phylogenetic distance, and species identity - influence soil microbial community structure. Analysis of microbial community sequencing data with generalized dissimilarity models showed that abiotic environment explained up to 25% of variation in community composition of soil bacteria, fungi, and archaea, while Salicaceae identity influenced less than 1% of the variation in community composition of soil microbial taxa. Multivariate linear models indicated that the influence of Salicaceae identity was small, but did contribute to differentiation of soil microbes within treatments. Moreover, results from a microbial niche breadth analysis show that soil microbes in wetlands have more specialized host associations than soil microbes in drier environments - showing that abiotic environment changed how plant identity correlated with soil microbial communities. This study demonstrates the predominance of major abiotic factors in shaping soil microbial community structure; the significance of abiotic context to biotic influence on soil microbes; and the utility of field experiments to disentangling the abiotic and biotic factors that are thought to be most essential for soil microbial communities.
Formation and Stability of Salty Soil Seals in Mars-like Conditions. Implications for Methane Variability on Mars.
<p>This is a raw data (Excel Tables) for Figures 4,5,7 in our manuscript: "Formation and Stability of Salty Soil Seals in Mars-like Conditions. Implications for Methane Variability on Mars".</p><p> </p>
Data in support to the paper: Comparison of Soil Water Content from SCATSAR-SWI and Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing at four agricultural sites in Northern Italy: insights from spatial variability and representativeness by Emamalizadeh et al. (2024)
<p>The study was conducted within the 21GRD08 SoMMet project. The SoMMet project has received funding from the European Partnership on Metrology, co-financed from the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme and by the Participating States (funder name European Partnership on Metrology; funder ID 10.13039/100019599; grant no. 21GRD08 SoMMet).</p>
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