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Calibrated data of stable water isotope measurements in water vapour at 8 m a.s.l. on the starboard side of the ship, made in the austral summer of 2016/2017 around the Southern Ocean during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition.
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>This data set includes the calibrated data of stable water vapour isotope (δ18O, δ2H, deuterium excess) and water vapour mixing ratio measurements at approximately 8 m a.s.l. on the starboard of the ship, taken around the Southern Ocean during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) from February to March 2017 using a Picarro laser spectrometers L2130-i. The data provide continuous timelines of atmospheric water vapour properties in the marine boundary layer for studies of the atmospheric water cycle.</p> <p>The raw data from which this calibrated dataset originates has been published separately (Kozachek, 2020; DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3667535).</p> <p>Two other calibrated stable water isotope measurement datasets were also collected during ACE. They differ by the location of measurement on the ship: 8 m a.s.l on the port side (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3739354) and 13.5 m a.s.l (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3250790).</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>ACE_watervapour_isotopes_SWI8-sb_1h.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACE_watervapour_isotopes_SWI8-sb_5min.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>cal_runs_SWI8-sb.csv, metadata, comma-separated values</li> <li>cal_flag_times_SWI8-sb.csv, metadata, comma-separated values</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text format</li> </ul> <p>NaN values denote missing values which occur because of e.g., maintenance, instrument calibration, large cavity variations.</p> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This calibrated stable water isotope measurements in water vapour is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p>
Ionic composition of particulate matter (PM10) from high-volume sampling over the Southern Ocean during the austral summer of 2016/2017 on board the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>Aerosol particles originate from a variety of sources (Tomasi and Lupi, 2017). Information on particle chemical composition can be utilized to access particle origin. During the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) cruise around the Southern Ocean, off-line filter sampling of ambient air was performed. Filters were stored on the ship (at -20 degrees C) and after the cruise concluded analysed at Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) concerning ionic composition of sampled material. Here, we give mass concentrations for inorganic ions (chloride, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, ammonium, nitrate, sulphate, and bromide), organic constituents (methane-sulfonic acid and oxalate), and total filter load of particles with a mobility diameter smaller 10 micrometers (PM10) for each 24 hour-sampled filter.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>ACESPACE_particulate_matter_pm10_ionic_composition_highvolume.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text</li> </ul> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This ionic composition of particulate matter (PM10) from high-volume sampling dataset during ACE is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p>
Ice Nucleating Particle number concentration from low-volume sampling over the Southern Ocean during the austral summer of 2016/2017 on board the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p><strong>Dataset abstract </strong></p> <p>Ice nucleating particles (INP) are a subclass of atmospheric aerosol particles, which can force heterogeneous freezing of cloud droplets at temperatures above -38 degrees C. In contrast, ice particles form from cloud droplets at temperatures below -38 degrees C due to homogeneous freezing, without INP. Due to their abundance, these particles can affect micro-physical properties of clouds, while acting as INP. During the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) around the Southern Ocean, off-line filter sampling was performed. Filters were stored on the ship and analysed after the cruise at Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) concerning INP abundance. Here, we give INP number concentrations for sampling of 8 hour periods.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>ACESPACE_ice_nucleating_particles_frozen_fraction_from_lowvolume_filters.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_ice_nucleating_particles_number_concentration_from_lowvolume_filters.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>data_file_header_frozen_fraction.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>data_file_header_number_concentration.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>change_log.txt, metadata, text format</li> </ul> <p><strong>Change log</strong></p> <p>v1.1 - data files updated</p> <ul> <li>change dataset title to reflect low-volume sampling method</li> <li>addition of INP number concentration data from different temperatures</li> <li>addition of fraction of frozen droplets data</li> <li>addition of field blank filter data</li> <li>create separate data_file_header files</li> <li>add change log</li> </ul> <p>v1.0 - initial release of dataset</p> <p> </p>
Cloud Condensation Nuclei number concentrations over the Southern Ocean during the austral summer of 2016/2017 on board the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) are a subclass of atmospheric aerosol particles, which can be activated to cloud droplets at a certain supersaturation, with respect to water. Due to their abundance, these particles can affect micro-physical properties of clouds, while acting as CCN. It was found that CCN are relevant for the Earth’s radiation budget, by affecting cloud albedo and lifetime. When giving a number concentration of CCN, also the supersaturation at which it was measured has to be given.</p> <p>With additional information on particle number size distribution, the hypothetical diameter of particle activation (critical diameter) was derived. Further, the particle hygroscopicity parameter (kappa) was calculated using the critical diameter. Values of kappa can be a proxy for bulk chemical composition of the sampled CCN population.</p> <p>Our dataset gives CCN number concentrations measured by a CCN counter (type CCN-100 by DMT, Boulder, US) operated at five different levels of supersaturation (0.15%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1%) during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) cruise over the Southern Ocean, as part of the ACE-SPACE project. Temporal coverage is from December 20, 2016 to March 19, 2017. We give 5-minute averaged and quality controlled CCN number concentrations, critical diameter and kappa values.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_number_concentration_SS015.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_number_concentration_SS020.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_number_concentration_SS030.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_number_concentration_SS050.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_number_concentration_SS100.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_critical_diameter_SS015.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_critical_diameter_SS020.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_critical_diameter_SS030.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_critical_diameter_SS050.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_critical_diameter_SS100.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_hygroscopicity_parameter_SS015.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_hygroscopicity_parameter_SS020.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_hygroscopicity_parameter_SS030.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_hygroscopicity_parameter_SS050.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_hygroscopicity_parameter_SS100.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>data_file_header_number_concentration.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>data_file_header_critical_diameter.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>data_file_header_hygroscopicity_parameter.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>change_log.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text</li> </ul> <p>The files listed above contain Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) number concentration (N_CCN), critical diameter (D_crit) and particle hygroscopicity parameter (KAPPA) values for the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition from in-situ measurements. Each file contains only N_CCN, D_crit or KAPPA values for one of the five measured levels of supersaturation (SS), e.g., N_CCN at SS=0.15% in ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_number_concentration_SS015.csv or N_CCN at SS=0.2% in ACESPACE_cloud_condensation_nuclei_number_concentration_SS020.csv etc. In addition, for each N_CCN value the respective temperature of the CCNCs measurement column (T_col) is given. Values are from 1 Hz measurements and averaged to represent 5-minute intervals.</p> <p>For every given value of CCN number concentration, the respective supersaturation level is given, although files only contain values for one level only. Additionally, longitude and latitude for the ship’s position at the start time of the averaging period are given.</p> <p>For latitude and longitude nan values are given, in cases where positioning data was not available for the given time period. There are no nan values for CCN number concentration included, in a way that only quality assured data is given.</p> <p><strong>Change log</strong></p> <p>v1.1 - data files updated</p> <ul> <li>change dataset title to specify ACE cruise</li> <li>change time resolution to 5 minutes</li> <li>addition of critical diameter data</li> <li>addition of hygroscopicity parameter data</li> <li>create separate data_file_headers</li> <li>add change log</li> </ul> <p>v1.0 - initial release of dataset</p>
NAPv1.0: A seasonal hydrographic gridded data set for the Northern Antarctic Peninsula, Southern Ocean
<p>The Northern Antarctic Peninsula (NAP) climatology version 1 (NAPv1.0) was built by optimally interpolate hydrographic data sets from the CTD, MEOP and Argo floats profiles sampled in the NAP and adjacent regions during the period of 1990-2019. The database consists of data from the World Ocean Database, Pangaea, Hutchinson et al. (2020), Brazilian High Latitude Oceanography Group (GOAL; http://goal.furg.br/), Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole consortium (MEOP), and Argo floats. The climatology has outputs for summer (Jan-Mar), autumn (Apr-Jun), winter (Jul-Sep) and spring (Oct-Dec). The profiles were first linearly interpolated onto 90 depth levels, and then optimally interpolated in space using a grid of ~10 km resolution. The grid spacing is 0.09˚ along latitudes and 0.2˚ along longitudes (i.e., 0.09˚ latitude x 0.09˚/cos(63˚S) longitude, where 63˚S is the mean latitude of our domain). A series of tests were made to find the appropriate smoothing lengthscale and the a priori relative error in order to find a balance between smoothness and feature representativeness. The final smoothing lengthscale (i.e. the radius of influence of the interpolation) chosen was 1˚ in latitude and longitude, and the a priori relative error allowed was set to 0.2 for the objective interpolation algorithm. The same constants were set for all depth levels and all variables. The regions where the mapping relative error was higher than 0.5 were excluded. The NAPv1.0 climatology can be used for several applications, including input data for ocean and climate models initialization/assessment and ocean reanalysis evaluation, as well as to produce and reconstruct biogeochemical properties. The NAPv1.0 climatology represents the ocean mean-state for the NAP for the end of the 20th and early 21st-century.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Reference: </strong><br> Dotto, T. S., Mata, M. M., Kerr, R., and Garcia, C. A. E.: A novel hydrographic gridded data set for the northern Antarctic Peninsula, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 671–696, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-671-2021, 2021.</p>
Summary raw meteorological data from the Southern Ocean collected on board the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) during the austral summer of 2016/2017.
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>A Vaisala MAWS240 meteorological station was installed on the R/V Akademik Tryoshnikov during a circumnavigation of Antarctica in the austral summer season of 2016/2017. This dataset contains the raw meteorological data that have been extracted from the original raw text data files. Data coverage is from 17th November 2016 until 11th April 2017, with gaps where the ship was in port.</p> <p>Air temperature, relative humidity, dew point, solar radiation, ultraviolet radiation, cloud level and sky cover were recorded with a resolution of 30 seconds. Averaged wind parameter data are provided.</p> <p>Date_time should be combined with TIMEDIFF to convert it to UTC. Latitude and longitude recorded are not corrected. Underway seawater measurements were recorded as null values.</p> <p>Data from this dataset have been corrected and quality-checked in another published dataset. We recommend these data for further use (Landwehr et al., 2019; DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3379590).</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>metdata_all_YYYYMMDD_YYYYMMDD.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>data_file_header, metadata, text format</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>ace_meteorology_raw_summary_change_log.txt</li> </ul> <p>Data files contain data for each leg of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE). Dates included in the file name are the start and end dates of the legs and therefore the data within the files as well.</p> <p><strong>Change log</strong></p> <p><strong>v1.2</strong> - Added missing data from 2017-02-05 - 2017-02-08 inclusive. Updated this change log file.</p> <p><strong>v1.1</strong> - Added additional data coverage from 2016-11-17 - 2016-11-22 inclusive, into the first data file. Updated README.txt with information about data coverage. Added this change log file.</p> <p><strong>v1.0</strong> - Initial release of raw summary meteorological data.</p> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This raw meteorological dataset is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p>
Data used in "BIOPERIANT12: a mesoscale resolving coupled physics-biogeochemical model for the Southern Ocean"
<div> <p>This repository contains the data used to generate the figures for the submitted manuscript "BIOPERIANT12: a mesoscale resolving coupled physics-biogeochemical model for the Southern Ocean".</p> </div> <h3>Contents</h3> <div> <ul> <li> <p>Model input:</p> <ul> <li> <p>INPUTS: ocean model input/grid files</p> </li> <li> <p>PISCES_INPUTS: BGC input files</p> </li> <li> <p>OBC: open boundary forcing </p> </li> <li> <p>WEIGHTS: weight files for ERA interim forcing</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div> <ul> <li> <p>Manuscript files:</p> <ul> <li> <p>data: files used to generate manuscript images</p> </li> <li> <p>config, src, notebooks: Python code and Jupyter notebooks used to generate images</p> </li> <li> <p>figures, supplementary: manuscript figures and supplementary figures</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div> </div> <div><strong>Abstract: </strong>"We present BIOPERIANT12, a regional model configuration of the Southern Ocean (SO) at a mesoscale-resolving 1/12 degree. This is a stable, ocean–ice–biogeochemical configuration derived from the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) modelling platform. It is specifically designed to investigate questions related to the mean state, seasonal cycle variability and mesoscale processes in the mixed layer and within the upper ocean (<1000 m). In particular, the focus is on understanding processes behind carbon and heat exchange, systematic errors in biogeochemistry and assumptions underlying the parameters chosen to represent these SO processes. The dynamics of the ocean model play a large role in driving ocean biogeochemistry and we show that over the chosen period of analysis 2000–2009 that the simulated dynamics in the upper ocean provide a stable mean state, as compared to observation-based datasets (themselves subject to biases such as sparsity of data, cloud cover, etc.), and through which the characteristics of variability can be described. Using ocean biomes to delineate the major regions of the SO, the model demonstrates a useful representation of ocean biogeochemistry and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2). In addition to a reasonable model mean state performance, through model–data metrics BIOPERIANT12 highlights several pathways for improving Southern Ocean model simulations such as the representation of temporal variability and the overestimation of biological biomass."</div>
Isoprene mixing ratio in ambient air across the Southern Ocean in the austral summer of 2016/2017, during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>This dataset contains the mixing ratios of isoprene (C5H8) in ambient air measured during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition around the Southern Ocean in the austral summer of 2016/2017 using the iDirac, an autonomous gas chromatograph (Bolas et al., 2020). Samples were collected at a temporal resolution of approximately 10 minutes, with sizeable gaps in the dataset during Legs 1 and 3 due to instrument malfunction.</p> <p>Isoprene represents one of the largest biogenic emissions on the planet. While the magnitude and mechanism of its emissions on land are well established, there is still large uncertainty on the drivers of marine isoprene emissions. This dataset, consisting of continuous measurements at a relatively high temporal resolution, represents a unique opportunity to better understand marine isoprene emissions in the Southern Ocean.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>ace_isoprene_mixing_ratio_ambient_air_v1.1.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>change_log.txt, metadata, text</li> </ul> <p><strong>Change log</strong></p> <p>v1.1 - data files updated</p> <ul> <li>more accurate isoprene quantification from improved chromatogram baseline removal</li> </ul> <p>v1.0 - initial release of dataset</p>
Concentration of gaseous iodic acid measured over the Southern Ocean in the austral summer of 2016/2017, during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p>Measurements of iodic acid concentration in the gas phase obtained with a nitrate chemical ionization mass spectrometer (we used an APi-TOF mass spectrometer produced by Tofwerk AG coupled with a Chemical ionization inlet A70 produced by Airmodus). Iodic acid is detected in the mass spectrometer either as a deprotonated ion or as a cluster with the reagent ion (NO3-). The concentration is calculated as the area of these two peaks normalized to the concentration of the reagent ions (monomer, dimer and trimer) and multiplied by a calibration factor equal to 6.9E9 molecules cm<sup>-3</sup> that was experimentally derived at Paul Scherrer Institute in the summer 2017, after the campaign.</p> <p>Iodic acid can participate in both new particle formation and growth, affecting the Earth radiative balance and cloud properties. Iodic acid is produced from the iodine radical but the exact formation pathways is still unknown.</p> <p>Measurements were performed on the upper deck of the icebreaker Akademik Tryoshnikov along the track of the Antarctic Circumnavigation expedition. Temporal coverage is from January 22, 2017 to March 19, 2017. There are no data for the first leg of the expedition because the instrument was not on the ship. The instrument was operated during leg 4 but data has not been processed yet. Data were collected with one-second time resolution but integrated to five minutes to increase the signal to noise ratio. Concentrations are reported as molecules per cubic centimeter in five minutes averages. The lower limit of detection was estimated to be lower than 6E3 molecules cm<sup>-3</sup>. Data below the detection limit were replaced by the detection limit divided by the square root of 2.</p> <p>Pollution from the ship exhaust and other human activities (e.g. helicopter flights) was identified as described in Schmale et al. 2019 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0187.1">https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0187.1</a>) and a corresponding flag was associated to the data (with 1 meaning clean data and 2 polluted data). No direct influence of pollution on the iodic acid concentration was found.</p> <p>***** Dataset contents *****</p> <p>- 01_gas_iodic_acid_concentration_data.csv, data file, comma-separated values</p> <p>- 02_IodicAcid_file_header.txt, metadata, text format</p> <p>- 03_README.txt, metadata, text format</p> <p> </p>
Size distribution of neutral and charged particles smaller than 42 nm measured over the Southern Ocean in the austral summer of 2016/2017, during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p>The size distribution of neutral and charged particles was measured using a neutral cluster and air ion spectrometer (NAIS) instrument. The concentration was corrected for diffusional losses in the inlet.</p> <p>The concentration and temporal dynamics of small particles is fundamental to characterize the first step of new particle formation (NPF) and growth. Moreover, naturally charged particles and ions can provide information about the role of ion induced nucleation. Newly formed particles can grow to larger sizes where they act as cloud condensation nuclei, directly affecting the Earth radiative budget and cloud properties.</p> <p>Measurements were performed on the upper deck of icebreaker Akademik Tryoshnikov along the track of the Antarctic Circumnavigation expedition. Temporal coverage is from January 22, 2017 to April 11, 2017. The concentration is reported as dN/dlog(Dp) per cubic centimetre, where Dp indicates the corresponding diameter size bin. Data were collected with one-second time resolution and averaged automatically by the acquisition software to 120 seconds before January 31 2017 and to 90 seconds after that date. The instrument was calibrated before the campaign by the manufacturer and periodically cleaned during the campaign (one time per leg).</p> <p>Pollution from the ship exhaust and other human activities (e.g. helicopter flights) was identified as described in Schmale et al., 2019 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0187.1">https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0187.1</a>) and a corresponding flag was associated to the data (with 1 meaning clean data and 0 polluted data).</p> <p> </p> <p>***** Dataset contents *****</p> <p>- 01_neutral_particles_size_distribution.csv, data file, comma-separated values</p> <p>- 02_negative_ions_size_distribution.csv, data file, comma-separated values</p> <p>- 03_positive_ions_size_distribution.csv, data file, comma-separated values</p> <p>- 04_neutral_particles_size_distribution_header.txt, metadata, text</p> <p>- 05_negative_ions_size_distribution_header.txt, metadata, text</p> <p>- 06_positive_ions_size_distribution_header.txt, metadata, text</p> <p>- README.txt, metadata, text</p> <p>Data that were missing or bad because of instrumental problems were simply removed from the file (no entry).</p>
Humic acid like concentration in seawater samples, collected from the trace metal rosettes in the Southern Ocean during the austral summer of 2016/2017, on board the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition.
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>Humic acid like concentration (abbreviated HA) measured with respect to the Suwannee River Fulvic acid standards (µmol SRFA equivalent per litre).</p> <p>Seawater samples were collected from trace metal rosette (TMR) deployments at different depths in the water column during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE). Humic acid like data from legs 1 and 2, from TMR cast numbers 3 to 16, were analysed by electrochemistry following standard additions of Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (standard 1, IHSS). This data is to support iron ligands and iron bioavailability as well as hydrolysable saccharides (TPZT) data, also collected during ACE.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>ace_humics_data.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ace_humics_data_visual_summary.png, metadata, portable network graphics</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text format</li> </ul> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This humics dataset from ACE is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p>
Measurements of benzene and toluene in underway surface seawater and ambient air in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean on cruise ANDREXII/JR18005 between February and April 2019.
<p>Benzene and toluene cycling iin the unpolluted marine environment s poorly understood. Due to a paucity of measurements, the role of the ocean in the atmospheric budgets of atmospheric benzene and toluene is unknown. In order to quantify the air-sea fluxes of these gases and obtain insights to their biogeochemical cycling, we measured their seawater concentrations (surface and depth profiles) and air mixing ratios in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, along a ~11000 km long transect at approximately 60o S in Feb-Apr 2019. The measurements were made using a Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometer coupled to a Segmented Flow Coil Equilibrator. Concentrations, oceanic saturations and calculated fluxes benzene and toluene are presented here. </p> <p> </p> <p>The data is further presented and discussed in a manuscript: </p> <p>Marine biogenic benzene and toluene emissions and their impact on secondary organic aerosol in the polar regions. Charel Wohl, Qinyi Li, Carlos A. Cuevas, Rafael P. Fernandez, Mingxi Yang, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Rafel Simó<span>, </span>Submitted to Atmospheric Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2022</p> <p> </p> <p>Computation of the air-sea gas fluxes is explained in detail in the linked manuscript about benzene and toluene. <br> Positive values indicate oceanic outgassing, thus sea to air flux.</p> <p> </p> <p>Definitions of acronyms, site abbreviations, or other project-specific designations:<br> deg = degree <br> SW = seawater concentration</p> <p>ATM= atmosphere</p> <p>SAT = saturation</p> <p>flux= air-sea flux in (micro)umol_m^(2)_d^(-1)<br> nM = nano Molar seawater concentration defined as nmol dm^(-3)</p> <p>LAT, LONG = Latitude, Longitude. (negative indicates west and south)</p> <p>The timestamp indicates sampling time in UTC, expressed as DD/MM/YYYY_HH:MM</p> <p>Empty data cells/points are listed as an impossible number of -999. Interruptions in the measurements are due to calibrations and other instrument maintenance.Interruptions in the calculated flux are due to missing auxiliary data at those sampling points e.g. no wind speed or underway auxiliary data.</p> <p>Fluxes and saturations computed using the interpolated air mixing ratio (see linked manuscript) are indicated with the suffix "_2"</p> <p> </p> <p>Negative values correspond to readings below the blank and detection limit. <br> They are effectively zero and are included here as the computed negative concentration to avoid skewing the mean.</p> <p> </p> <p>Data last modified 06.05.2022. Version 1 uploaded on that date. No further maintenance planned. This is the final data.</p> <p> </p>
The 2001 Hawaiian Ocean Mixing Experiment (HOME): Internal-tide Mode-1 Amplitude Data from the Southern Tomographic Array
<p>Ocean acoustic tomography was used to measure tides in the farfield of the Hawaiian Ridge in 2001 during the Hawaiian Ocean Mixing Experiment (HOME). The measurements were components of a suite of large- and small-scale measurements obtained during HOME with the aim of illuminating the pathways of tidal energy that may be driving deep-ocean mixing. Using reciprocal transmissions, the tomographic arrays were designed to measure the radiation of mode-1 internal tides from the Ridge, together with barotropic tidal currents. This publication makes available the tomographic estimates for mode-1 internal-waves derived<br>from the six paths of the southern HOME tomography array.</p>
The 2001 Hawaiian Ocean Mixing Experiment (HOME): High-frequency (>1cpd) Barotropic Current Data from the Southern Tomographic Array
<p>Ocean acoustic tomography was used to measure tides in the farfield of the Hawaiian Ridge in 2001 during the Hawaiian Ocean Mixing Experiment (HOME). The measurements were components of a suite of large- and small-scale measurements obtained during HOME with the aim of illuminating the pathways of tidal energy that may be driving deep-ocean mixing. Using reciprocal transmissions, the tomographic arrays were designed to measure the radiation of mode-1 internal tides from the Ridge, together with barotropic tidal currents. This publication makes available the tomographic estimates for barotropic currents derived from<br>the six paths of the southern HOME tomography array.</p>
Biogenic silicate concentration in sea water samples, collected from the CTD in the Southern Ocean during the austral summer of 2016/2017, on board the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition.
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>Biogenic Silicate (Bsi) concentration (µmol/L) in seawater data. Water samples were collected from CTD rosette deployments, filtered on board and then analysed by flow injection following appropriate digestion.</p> <p>This data supports chemical and biological oceanography studies conducted during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>ace_biogenic_silicate_concentration_in_seawater_ctd.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>ace_biogenic_silicate_concentration_in_seawater_ctd_visual_summary.png, metadata, portable network graphics</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text format</li> <li>README.md, metadata, text format</li> </ul> <p>All missing values where no data point exists from lack of sample, have been set to NaN.</p> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This biogenic silica concentration dataset is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p>
Quality-checked meteorological data from the Southern Ocean collected during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition from December 2016 to April 2017.
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>This dataset contains quality-checked meteorological observations of air temperature, relative humidity, dew point, barometric pressure and observations of downwelling solar radiation and ultraviolet radiation. Further it contains the wind speed and direction relative to the ship but not corrected for air-flow distortion, and translated into the earth reference frame. For each of these variables observations are available from a portside and starboard side sensor. The dataset also contains, cloud base height and sky cover at three levels measured with a Ceilometer.</p> <p>As additional information the solar azimuth and altitude angle have been calculated for the ship’s position every five minutes and have been added as a one-minute time series using the nearest value. The ship’s position, heading, course and speed over ground are also provided.</p> <p>The wind speed measurements were made at a height of approximately 30.5 meters above sea level. The measurement height of the temperature and humidity probes is 23.7 meters above sea level. The barometric pressure was measured at 20 meters above sea level.</p> <p>The observations have been screened for implausible values and on some occasions despiking based on visual inspection and a rolling interquartile range filter have been applied. Solar radiation measurements are affected by shadowing of the ship, and the air temperature and humidity by the heating of air that passes over the ship. Masks are provided to flag affected observations. The wind speed readings are affected by airflow distortion and should be used with consideration until a dataset of corrected wind speeds is published. More details on airflow distortion can be requested from the contact person.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>ACE_filtered_meteorological_data_1min.csv, data file, comma-separated values</li> <li>diff_TA1_TA3_WDR2_5min_1.png, metadata, portable network graphics</li> <li>ratio_SR1_SR3_solangle_5min_1.png, metadata, portable network graphics</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>ace_filtered_meteorological_data_change_log.txt, metadata, text</li> </ul> <p><strong>Change log</strong></p> <p><strong>v1.1</strong> - The range check for skycover (SC) and cloudlevel (CL) was added to the quality-checking routines. 53 data points violated the range check for these variables: these have now been marked as NaN.</p> <p><strong>v1.0</strong> - Initial release of verified meteorological data.</p> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This meteorological dataset is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full description can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p>
Raw multibeam bathymetry data collected around the Candlemas Islands, part of the South Sandwich Islands chain in the Southern Ocean on board the R/V Akademik Tryoshnikov during the austral summer of 2016/2017 as part of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>An ELAC Nautik 3020 multibeam echo sounder with a 20 kHz transducer mounted on the hull of the R/V Akademik Tryoshnikov, was used to collect multibeam bathymetry data during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE). This particular dataset was collected around the Candlemas Islands, part of the South Sandwich Islands chain in the Southern Ocean in the austral summer of 2016/2017.</p> <p>Bathymetry data were used live during the cruise to look for suitable locations where benthic trawling and remotely-operated vehicle deployments could take place, rather than to undertake specific bathymetric surveys.</p> <p>This raw dataset is provided without calibration information for the surface sound velocity or instrumentation itself and should be used with due caution.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>lineYYYYDDmonHHMMSS.xse, data file, proprietary format</li> <li>lineYYYYDDmonHHMMSS.ssv, data file, ASCII</li> <li>location.hydrostar, ancillary file, ASCII</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text</li> </ul> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This raw multibeam bathymetry dataset is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p>
Raw multibeam bathymetry data collected around Scott Island in the Southern Ocean on board the R/V Akademik Tryoshnikov during the austral summer of 2016/2017 as part of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>An ELAC Nautik 3020 multibeam echo sounder with a 20 kHz transducer mounted on the hull of the R/V Akademik Tryoshnikov, was used to collect multibeam bathymetry data during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE). This particular dataset was collected around Scott Island in the Southern Ocean in the austral summer of 2016/2017.</p> <p>Bathymetry data were used live during the cruise to look for suitable locations where benthic trawling and remotely-operated vehicle deployments could take place, rather than to undertake specific bathymetric surveys.</p> <p>This raw dataset is provided without calibration information for the surface sound velocity or instrumentation itself and should be used with due caution.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>lineYYYYDDmonHHMMSS.xse, data file, proprietary format</li> <li>location.hydrostar, ancillary file, ASCII</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text</li> </ul> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This raw multibeam bathymetry dataset is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p> <p> </p>
Dataset for the adjustment of a wave forecasting system for the deep waters of the South Atlantic Ocean and for the southern coast of Brazil: Numerical Wave Experiment in the South of Brazil (NWESB).
<p>This dataset corresponds to the input files of the test domains used for the simulations of the coupled GFS (Global Forecast System) and WAVEWATCH III models in the waters of the South Atlantic Ocean and in waters of the Brazilian Southeastern during the passage of a cold front and the presence of strong pressure gradient between a low-pressure system and a high-pressure system. In the files generated by WAVEWATCH III, wave fields are presented from 2016-03-25 14:00:00, which is the date from when the model it stabilizes. Also contained in this dataset are the files of the GFS model wind fields, the bathymetry files (eTOPO1) and the files of the bathymetry entries in WAVEWATCH III.</p> <p>All files with suffix 2 correspond to the geographic region 70°W to 4°W longitude and 55°S to 13°S latitude and all files with suffix 3 correspond to the geographic region 70°W at 20°W longitude and 55°S at 13°S latitude.</p> <p><strong>ww3-2.inp</strong> and <strong>Bathymetry2.ascii</strong> are the input configuration files for WAVEWATCH III bathymetry and bathymetry (in ASCII format) respectively for the WW3-2 domain. <strong>gfs-2.nc</strong> is the input file of the winds obtained from the outputs of the GFS model (in NetCDF format) for the WW3-2 domain. <strong>ww3-2.nc</strong> is the WAVEWATCH III model output file with the simulated waves for the WW3-2 domain.</p> <p><strong>ww3-3.inp</strong> and <strong>Bathymetry3.ascii</strong> are the input configuration files for WAVEWATCH III bathymetry and bathymetry (in ASCII format) respectively for the WW3-3 domain. <strong>gfs-3.nc</strong> is the input file of the winds obtained from the outputs of the GFS model (in NetCDF format) for the WW3-3 domain. <strong>ww3-3.nc</strong> is the WAVEWATCH III model output file with the simulated waves for the WW3-3 domain.</p> <p>The GFS model files contain data every 6 hours and the WAVEWATCH III model files contain data every 1 hour. All files have a spatial resolution of 0.25° (27.78 km).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Other data that complement this dataset:</strong></p> <p><strong><a href="https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Complementary_figures_of_Parameter_adjustments_of_the_GFS_WAVEWATCH_III_coupled_models_in_Southern_Brazil/16726375"><em>Complementary figures of Parameter adjustments of the GFS – WAVEWATCH III coupled models in Southern Brazil.</em></a></strong></p> <p><em><strong><a href="https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Dataset_for_the_adjustment_of_a_wave_forecasting_system_for_the_deep_waters_of_the_South_Atlantic_Ocean_and_for_the_southern_coast_of_Brazil_Output_files_in_GrADS_format_/16767058">Dataset for the adjustment of a wave forecasting system for the deep waters of the South Atlantic Ocean and for the southern coast of Brazil (Output files in GrADS format).</a></strong></em></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Stable isotope ratios of C, N and S in Southern Ocean sea stars (1985-2017)
<p>Sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) are a key component of Southern Ocean benthos, with 16% of the known sea star species living there. In temperate marine environments, sea stars commonly play an important role in food webs, acting as keystone species. However, trophic ecology and functional role of Southern Ocean sea stars are still poorly known, notably due to the scarcity of large-scale studies. Here, we report 24332 trophic marker (stable isotopes and elemental contents of C, N and S of tegument and/or tube feet) and biometric (arm length, disk radius, arm to disk ratio) measurements in 2456 specimens of sea stars. Samples were collected between 12/01/1985 and 08/10/2017 in numerous locations along the Antarctic littoral and Subantarctic islands. The spatial scope of the dataset covers a significant portion of the Southern Ocean (Latitude: 47.717° South to 86.273° South ; longitude: 127.767° West to 162.201° East ; depth: 6 to 5338 m). The dataset contains 133 distinct taxa, including 72 currently accepted species spanning 51 genera, 20 families and multiple feeding guilds / functional groups (suspension feeders, sediment feeders, omnivores, predators of mobile or sessile prey). For 505 specimens, mitochondrial CO1 genes were sequenced to confirm and/or refine taxonomic identifications, and those sequences are already publicly available through the Barcode of Life Data System. This number will grow in the future, as molecular analyses are still in progress. Overall, thanks to its large taxonomic, spatial, and temporal extent, as well as its integrative nature (combining genetic, morphological and ecological data), this dataset can be of wide interest to Southern Ocean ecologists, invertebrate zoologists, benthic ecologists, and environmental managers dealing with associated areas.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.