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FIGURE 7. Branchipolynoe longqiensis n in Description of a new branchiate scale-worm (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from the hydrothermal vent on Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge

FIGURE 7. Branchipolynoe longqiensis n. sp., paratype (RSIO35012), part of the body damaged and removed: A, Dorsal view; B, Ventral view; C, Dorsal view of anterior end, pharynx extended; D, Ventral view of pygidium, showing pair of anal cirri

FIGURE 5. Branchipolynoe longqiensis n in Description of a new branchiate scale-worm (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from the hydrothermal vent on Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge

FIGURE 5. Branchipolynoe longqiensis n. sp., holotype (RSIO35401): A, Supraacicular neurosetae on segment 4; B, Upper (right part) and lower (left part) subacicular neurosetae from same; C, Detail of tips of supraacicular neurosetae from same; D, Detail of subdistal end of upper subacicular neurosetae from same; E, Detail of tips of lower subacicular neurosetae from same.

FIGURE 6. Branchipolynoe longqiensis n in Description of a new branchiate scale-worm (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from the hydrothermal vent on Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge

FIGURE 6. Branchipolynoe longqiensis n. sp., paratype (RSIO35279): A, Dorsal view; B, Ventral view; C, Left upper branchiae on segment 8; D, Left lower branchiae on segment 8; E, Left parapodia on segment 8, anterior view; F, Notosetae from same; G, Supraacicular neurosetae from same; H, Upper subacicular neurosetae from same; I, Lower subacicular neurosetae from same.

FIGURE 4. Branchipolynoe longqiensis n in Description of a new branchiate scale-worm (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from the hydrothermal vent on Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge

FIGURE 4. Branchipolynoe longqiensis n. sp., holotype (RSIO35401): A, Left parapodia from segment 2, anterior view, elytron removed; B, Notosetae from same, with detail of tips; C, Left parapodia from segment 12, anterior view, branchiae cut off; D, Notopodia and notosetae from same; E, Left parapodia from segment 19, posterior view; F, Left parapodia (partial) from segment 19, downward and anterior view, showing branchiae, notopodia and partial neuropodia; G, Notosetae from same, with detail of tips.

FIGURE 1. Branchipolynoe longqiensis n in Description of a new branchiate scale-worm (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from the hydrothermal vent on Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge

FIGURE 1. Branchipolynoe longqiensis n. sp., holotype (RSIO35401): A, Dorsal view; B, Ventral view; C, Dorsal view of anterior end, left first elytron removed; D, Ventral view of segments 11–14 showing elongate ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12; E, Dorsal view of the posterior end, elytra on segment 19 removed.

FIGURE 2. Branchipolynoe longqiensis n in Description of a new branchiate scale-worm (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from the hydrothermal vent on Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge

FIGURE 2. Branchipolynoe longqiensis n. sp., holotype (RSIO35401): A, Left upper branchia from segment 12; B, Left lower branchia from segment 12; C–F, Left elytron from segment 2, 9, 15 and 19, respectively.

FIGURE 3. Branchipolynoe longqiensis n in Description of a new branchiate scale-worm (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from the hydrothermal vent on Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge

FIGURE 3. Branchipolynoe longqiensis n. sp., holotype (RSIO35401): A, C, E and G, Left parapodia from segment 2, 3, 8 and 12 respectively, anterior view; B, D, F and H, Left parapodia from segment 2, 3, 8 and 12 respectively, posterior view.

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Mechanisms of bimodal magmatism generation beneath Southwest Indian ridges: Implications for the variable composition of MORBs

Table S1. Chemical and isotopic compositions for lavas and scorias from the Southwest Indian ridge  Table S2. Major, trace, volatile element of glasses and melt inclusions from SWIR reported here.  Table S3. Sr isotopes of glass, plagioclase, melt inclusion from SWIR, and glass and plagioclase standards  Table S4. Major element compositions for olivine, spinel and plagioclase from the Southwest Indian ridge  Table S5. Volatile element of olivine and plagioclase from SWIR reported here  Table S6. Average value for volatile element of glasses and melt inclusions in SWIR compared to seawater.  Table S7. Helium concentrations and blank corrected isotopic ratios of glasses from Southwest Indian ridge reported here.  Table S8. Vesicle quantification and gas mass fraction in D30 lava and scoria samples.  Table S9. Modelling endmembers compositions of DMM, LCC and SCLM.

FIGURE 5 in A new report on the deep-sea sponge-associated Spongicoloides weijiaensis Xu Zhou & Wang, 2017 (Decapoda: Spongicolidae) from the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge

FIGURE 5. The map shows the type locality of all known species of Spongicoloides spp. The red colour star indicates the new location of S. weijiaensis from the SWIOR

FIGURE 1 in A new report on the deep-sea sponge-associated Spongicoloides weijiaensis Xu Zhou & Wang, 2017 (Decapoda: Spongicolidae) from the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge

FIGURE 1. Spongicoloides weijiaensis Xu, Zhou & Wang, 2017. Female (NCPOR/HYD-IO/0018) whole specimen, 35.1 mm., the Southwest Indian Ridge.

FIGURE 6 in A new report on the deep-sea sponge-associated Spongicoloides weijiaensis Xu Zhou & Wang, 2017 (Decapoda: Spongicolidae) from the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge

FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic trees of spongicolids based on the ML topology inferred from the gene fragments of mitochondrial COI. Bootstrap values of the ML analyses were placed at nodes, with dashes (–) indicating values below 50. Scale bars represent the number of substitutions per site.

FIGURE 3 in A new report on the deep-sea sponge-associated Spongicoloides weijiaensis Xu Zhou & Wang, 2017 (Decapoda: Spongicolidae) from the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge

FIGURE 3. Spongicoloides weijiaensis Xu, Zhou & Wang, 2017. Female (NCPOR/HYD-IO/0018): A & B, mandible dorsal & ventral view C, maxillule D, maxilla E, first maxillipeds F, second maxillipeds G, antenna H, antennules.

FIGURE 2 in A new report on the deep-sea sponge-associated Spongicoloides weijiaensis Xu Zhou & Wang, 2017 (Decapoda: Spongicolidae) from the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge

FIGURE 2. Spongicoloides weijiaensis Xu, Zhou & Wang, 2017. Female (NCPOR/HYD-IO/0018): A, carapace, lateral view, B, details of first to the sixth pleonal, C, telson and uropods, dorsal view D, fifth and sixth pleonal somite, telson, and uropods, dorsal view E, thoracic sternites, ventral view F, fifth and sixth pleonal somites, right lateral view.

FIGURE 3. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n in Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., a new branchiate scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) from two hydrothermal fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge

FIGURE 3. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp. A, Left parapodia from segments 2 of paratype RSIO35402 in anterior view (upper position) and posterior view (lower position); B–C, Left parapodia from segments 3 and 7 on holotype, in anterior view (upper position) and posterior view (lower position); D–G, Left parapodia from segments 2, 4, 11, and 12 of paratype RSIO35277; D–E, in anterior view; F–G, in anterior view (upper position) and posterior view (lower position). Scale bar: A–G, 1 mm.

FIGURE 5. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n in Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., a new branchiate scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) from two hydrothermal fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge

FIGURE 5. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., parapodia on posterior 3 segments of female (holotype, A–C) and male (paratype RSIO35277, D–I). A, Left parapodia on segment 19 in anterior view (left position) and posterior view (right position); B, Right parapodia on segment 20 in anterior view (left position) and posterior view (right position); C, Right parapodia on segment 21 in anterior view (left position) and posterior view (right position); D, Left parapodia on segment 19 in anterior view (left position) and posterior view (right position); E, Left parapodia on segment 20 in anterior view (left position) and posterior view (right position); F, Left parapodia on segment 21 in anterior view (left position) and posterior view (right position); G, Neurochaetae on segment 19, showing slender capillary neurochaetae (white arrow); H, Lower subacicular neurochaetae on segment 19; I, Capillary neurochaetae on segment 20. Scale bar: A–F, 1mm; G–I, 10 µm.

FIGURE 1. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n in Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., a new branchiate scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) from two hydrothermal fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge

FIGURE 1. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., holotype (RSIO35275, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral view (B); Paratype (RSIO35277, male) in dorsal (C) and ventral view (D); E, Head and tentacular segment of paratype RSIO35402, in dorsal view, with detail of acicular lobes on segment 1; F, Head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35274, in dorsal view, with detail of acicular lobe on segment 1; G, Head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35277, in dorsal view; H, Head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35277, in ventral view, left parapodia removed; I, Left elytra from segment 2 of paratype RSIO35402; J, Left elytra from segment 4 of paratype RSIO35402. Scale bar: A–D, 5 mm; E–J, 1 mm.

FIGURE 2. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n in Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., a new branchiate scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) from two hydrothermal fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge

FIGURE 2. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp. A, Ventral view of everted pharynx, showing 5 dorsal papillae and 3 ventral papillae, with the left 2 ventral papillae being accidentally removed when dissecting the specimen, distal cirrus of one of the three medial papillae (indicated by a white arrow) shown on the lower left, paratype RSIO35402; B, Frontal view of dorsal jaws (upper ones, indicated by the red arrow) and ventral jaws (lower ones), dissected, paratype RSIO35277; C, ventral view of dissected pharynx, with 6 pairs of lateral tapered basal papillae marked by red circles, paratype RSIO35277; Detail of six lateral papillae on the left (D, upper position) and right (D, lower position) side of paratype RSIO35277; E, Right part of segments 11– 17 on holotype, ventral view, showing 5 short ventral papillae on segments 11–15; F, Right part of segments 11–14 on paratype RSIO35277, ventral view, showing 2 ventral papillae on segments 12–13 and 1 lamellae on segment 14; G, Left part of Segments 11–15 on paratype RSIO35277, dorsal view; H, Ventral view of posterior segments on holotype, with left parapodia and anal cirri removed; I, Ventral view of posterior segments and anal cirri on paratype RSIO35277, with left parapodia removed. Scale bar: A–B, E–G, 1 mm; lower left image in A, 0.1 mm; C–D, 0.2 mm; H–I, 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., a new branchiate scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) from two hydrothermal fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge

FIGURE 7. Maximum likelihood tree constructed using the concatenated sequences of three genes (COI, 16S and 18S) with GenBank accession numbers. Bootstrap support values were calculated with a rapid bootstrapping algorithm for 1000 replicates in Raxml, and only those higher than 50 were shown. GenBank accession numbers in parenthesis are present in the order of COI, 16S and 18S; missing markers are denoted by a dash (–); "*" indicates a mitochondrial genome from which both COI and 16S can be extracted.

FIGURE 6. Maximum likelihood tree constructed using COI sequences with GenBank accession numbers. Bootstrap support values were calculated with a rapid bootstrapping algorithm for 1000 in Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., a new branchiate scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) from two hydrothermal fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge

FIGURE 6. Maximum likelihood tree constructed using COI sequences with GenBank accession numbers. Bootstrap support values were calculated with a rapid bootstrapping algorithm for 1000 replicates in Raxml, and only those higher than 50 were shown.

FIGURE 4. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n in Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., a new branchiate scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) from two hydrothermal fields on the Southwest Indian Ridge

FIGURE 4. Branchinotogluma bipapillata n. sp., details of chaetae. A, Vertical view of left parapodium on segment 4 of holotype; B–H, Details of chaetae on left 3rd parapodium of paratype RSIO35402 in posterior view; I–N, Details of chaetae on left 11th parapodium of paratype RSIO35277 in anterior view. B, Tip of notochaetae; C, Tip of supraacicular neurochaetae; D, Basal parts of the spinous region of supraacicular neurochaetae; E, Tip of upper subacicular neurochaetae; F, Spines on subdistal part of upper subacicular neurochaetae; G, Lower subacicular neurochaetae; H, Detail of serration region of lower subacicular neurochaetae; I, Notochaetae; J, Details of supraacicular neurochaetae; K, Tip of upper subacicular neurochaetae; L, Spines on subdistal part of upper subacicular neurochaetae; M, Lower subacicular neurochaetae; N, Details of serration region of lower subacicular neurochaetae. Scale bar: A, 0.5 mm; B, G and I, 0.1 mm; C–F, H and J–N, 10 µm.