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Fig. 7 in Palaearctic species of Charipinae (Hymenoptera, Figitidae): two new species, synthesis and identification key

Fig. 7. Types of mesoscutum of Phaenoglyphis Förster, 1869. 1. P. abbreviata (Thomson, 1877). 2. P. evenhuisi Pujade-Villar & Paretas-Martínez, 2006. 3. P. fuscicornis (Thomson, 1877). 4. P. heterocera (Hartig, 1841). 5. P. insperatus Belizin, 1973. 6. P. insularis (Belizin, 1973). 7. P. longicornis (Hartig, 1840). 8. P. moldavica Ionescu, 1969. 9. P. nigripes (Thomson, 1877). 10. P. proximus Belizin, 1966. 11. P. pubicollis (Thomson, 1877). 12. P. ruficornis (Förster, 1869). 13. P. salicis (Cameron, 1883). 14. P. stricta (Thomson, 1877). 15. P. villosa (Hartig, 1841). 16. P. xanthochroa Förster, 1869. Scale bars: 50 μm.

Fig. 6 in Palaearctic species of Charipinae (Hymenoptera, Figitidae): two new species, synthesis and identification key

Fig. 6. Types of antenna of Dilyta Förster, 1869 and Phaenoglyphis Förster, 1869. 1. D. aleevae Pujade-Villar & Paretas-Martínez, 2011. 2. D. japonica Paretas-Martínez & Ferrer-Suay, 2011. 3. D. longinqua Paretas-Martínez & Pujade-Villar, 2011. 4. D. rathmanae. 5. D. sinica Ferrer-Suay & Paretas-Martínez, 2011. 6. D. subclavata Förster, 1869. 7. P. abbreviata (Thomson, 1877). 8. P. evenhuisi Pujade-Villar & Paretas-Martínez, 2006. 9. P. fuscicornis (Thomson, 1877). 10. P. heterocera (Hartig, 1841). 11. P. insperatus Belizin, 1973. 12. P. insularis (Belizin, 1973). 13. P. longicornis (Hartig, 1840). 14. P. moldavica Ionescu, 1969. 15. P. nigripes (Thomson, 1877). 16. P. proximus Belizin, 1966. 17. P. pubicollis (Thomson, 1877). 18. P. ruficornis (Förster, 1869). 19. P. salicis (Cameron, 1883). 20. P. stricta (Thomson, 1877). 21. P. villosa (Hartig, 1841). 22. P. xanthochroa Förster, 1869. Scale bars: 50 μm.

Fig. 4 in Palaearctic species of Charipinae (Hymenoptera, Figitidae): two new species, synthesis and identification key

Fig. 4. Types of radial cell of Alloxysta Förster, 1869. 1. A. abdera Fergusson, 1986. 2. A. aperta (Hartig, 1841). 3. A. arcuata (Kieffer, 1902). 4. A. aurata Belizin, 1968. 5. A. basimacula (Cameron, 1886). 6. A. brachycera Hellén, 1963. 7. A. brevis (Thomson, 1862). 8. A. brevitarsis (Thomson, 1862). 9. A. castanea (Hartig, 1841). 10. A. circumscripta (Hartig, 1841). 11. A. citripes (Thomson, 1862). 12. A. consobrina (Zetterstedt, 1838). 13. A. crassa (Cameron, 1889). 14. A. crassicornis (Thomson, 1862). 15. A. fracticornis (Thomson, 1862). 16. A. fuscipes (Thomson, 1862). 17. A. heptatoma Hellén, 1963. 18. A. kovilovica Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar, 2013. 19. A. leunisii (Hartig, 1841). 20. A. longipennis (Hartig, 1841). 21. A. macrophadna (Hartig, 1841). 22. A. marshalliana (Kieffer, 1900). 23. A. melanogaster (Hartig, 1840). 24. A. mullensis (Cameron, 1883). Scale bars: 50 μm.

Fig. 1 in Palaearctic species of Charipinae (Hymenoptera, Figitidae): two new species, synthesis and identification key

Fig. 1. Types of mesosoma and metasoma of the Charipinae Dalla Torre & Kieffer, 1910. 1. Mesosoma of Phaenoglyphis spp. 2. Mesosoma of Alloxysta spp. 3. Metasoma of Alloxysta spp. 4. Metasoma of Apocharips spp. Scale bars: 50 μm.

Fig. 3 in Palaearctic species of Charipinae (Hymenoptera, Figitidae): two new species, synthesis and identification key

Fig. 3. Types of antenna of Alloxysta Förster, 1869. 1. A. pedestris (Curtis, 1838). 2. A. piceomaculata (Cameron, 1883). 3. A. pilipennis (Hartig, 1840). 4. A. pleuralis (Cameron, 1879). 5. A. postica (Hartig, 1841). 6. A. proxima Belizin, 1962. 7. A. pusilla (Kieffer, 1902). 8. A. quedenfeldti (Kieffer, 1909). 9. A. ramulifera (Thomson, 1862). 10. A. rufiventris (Hartig, 1840). 11. A. salicicola Belizin, 1973. 12. A. sawoniewiczi Kierych, 1988. 13. A. semiaperta Fergusson, 1986. 14. A. slovenica Ferrer-Suay & Pujade-Villar, 2013. 15. A. soluta Hellén, 1963. 16. A. tscheki (Giraud, 1860). 17. A. victrix (Westwood, 1833). 18. A. xanthocera (Thomson, 1862). 19. A. xanthopa (Thomson, 1862). 20. A. trapezoidea (Hartig, 1841). Scale bars: 50 μm.

Fig. 2 in The identification of the species of the 'Spilogona contractifrons species-group' and the 'Spilogona nitidicauda species-group' (Diptera, Muscidae) based on morphological and molecular analysis

Fig. 2. Spilogona orthosurstyla Xue & Tian, 1988. A. Terminalia, lateral view. B. Terminalia, dorsal view. C. Sternite 5. Scare bars: 0.25 mm.

Fig. 1 in The identification of the species of the 'Spilogona contractifrons species-group' and the 'Spilogona nitidicauda species-group' (Diptera, Muscidae) based on morphological and molecular analysis

Fig. 1. Males of Spilogona Schnabl, 1911. A–C. Male head and scutum, anterior view. A. S. contractifrons (Zetterstedt, 1838). B. S. arctica (Zetterstedt, 1838). C. S. alticola (Malloch, 1920). D–F. Sternite 5. D. S. contractifrons. E. S. arctica. F. S. alticola. G–I. Abdomen, dorsal view. G. S. contractifrons. H. S. arctica. I. S. alticola. J–L. Terminalia, lateral view. J. S. contractifrons. K. S. arctica. L. S. alticola. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 5 in The identification of the species of the 'Spilogona contractifrons species-group' and the 'Spilogona nitidicauda species-group' (Diptera, Muscidae) based on morphological and molecular analysis

Fig. 5. Males of Spilogona Schnabl, 1911. A–C. Terminalia, lateral view. A. S. imitatrix (Malloch, 1921). B. S. nitidicauda (Schnabl, 1911). C. S. platyfrons Sorokina, 2018. D–F. Cercal plate, posterior view. D. S. imitatrix. E. S. nitidicauda. F. S. platyfrons. G–I. Sternite 5. G. S. imitatrix. H. S. nitidicauda. I. S. platyfrons. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.

Fig. 6 in The identification of the species of the 'Spilogona contractifrons species-group' and the 'Spilogona nitidicauda species-group' (Diptera, Muscidae) based on morphological and molecular analysis

Fig. 6. Localities of the species of Spilogona Schnabl, 1911 used in the DNA analysis. Symbols denote the species, whilst the colour shows the same DNA sequences. A. 'S. contractifrons species-group'. B. 'S. nitidicauda species-group'.

Fig. 4 in The identification of the species of the 'Spilogona contractifrons species-group' and the 'Spilogona nitidicauda species-group' (Diptera, Muscidae) based on morphological and molecular analysis

Fig. 4. Males of Spilogona Schnabl, 1911. A–C. Head, lateral view. A. S. imitatrix (Malloch, 1921). B. S. nitidicauda (Schnabl, 1911). C. S. platyfrons Sorokina, 2018. D–F. Frons, anterior view. D. S. imitatrix. E. S. nitidicauda. F. S. platyfrons. G–I. Abdomen, dorsal view. G. S. imitatrix. H. S. nitidicauda. I. S. platyfrons. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 12 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 12. Distribution map, face view, and lateral view of petiole of Rasopone JTL030 (worker, Panama, CASENT0633075), R. JTL037 (worker, Guatemala, CASENT0625283), R. mesoamericana (holotype worker), and R. JTL029 (worker, Panama, CASENT0633053). On distribution maps, red dots are sites with UCE sequence data. Red boxes are type locality.

Fig. 13 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 13. Distribution map, face view, and lateral view of petiole of Rasopone cubitalis (holotype worker), R. titanis (worker, Mexico, Chiapas, MCZ-ENT00716640), R. breviscapa (holotype queen), and R. rupinicola (worker, Colombia, face view MCZ-ENT00716589, petiole CASENT0217567). On distribution maps, red dots are sites with UCE sequence data. Red boxes are type locality.

Fig. 11 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 11. Distribution map, face view, and lateral view of petiole of Rasopone ferruginea (worker, Nicaragua, CASENT0644264), R. JTL040 (worker, Colombia, MCZ-ENT00716609), R. JTL041 (worker, Colombia, MCZ-ENT00716614), and R. costaricensis form a (worker, Costa Rica, INB0003659312). On distribution maps, red dots are sites with UCE sequence data. Red boxes are type locality (type locality for R. ferruginea is 'Mexico').

Fig. 8 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 8. Distribution map, face view, and lateral view of petiole of Rasopone lunaris (worker, Brazil, Minas Gerais CASENT0644556), R. guatemalensis (holotype worker), R. costaricensis form c (worker, Costa Rica, INB0003659307), and R. JTL027 (worker, Panama, CASENT0633216). On distribution maps, red dots are sites with UCE sequence data. Red boxes are type locality.

Fig. 7 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 7. Distribution map, face view, and lateral view of petiole of Rasopone MAS010 (worker, Costa Rica, 08COSTA-1723), R. cryptergates (worker, Costa Rica, INB0003660648), R. JTL042 (worker, Colombia, MCZ-ENT00716611), and R. JTL034 (worker, Mexico, CASENT0640282). On distribution maps, red dots are sites with UCE sequence data. Red boxes are type locality.

Fig. 2 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 2. Phylogeny of Rasopone, Mayaponera, and selected outgroup taxa, inferred using the program IQ-TREE and 1,802 UCE loci. Node support values (ultrafast bootstrap/SH-like) <100/100 are depicted with red dots. Terminal names show original, morphology-based species assignments and depict morphological convergence across clades. The 'EX#' code in terminal names indicate unique extraction codes that link specimens to specimen data in provided tables. Simopelta andersoni, a distant outgroup, is not shown in the figure. Images depict workers of Rasopone ferruginea (Nicaragua, CASENT0644264), Mayponera becculata (Peru, CASENT0374638, modified from AntWeb, credit Michele Esposito), and Mayaponera constricta (Bolivia, CASENT0249137, modified from AntWeb, credit Ryan Perry).

Fig. 1 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 1. Characteristics of Rasopone species. (A) Habitus. (B) Scale-like petiole, showing definitions of petiole height (PTH) and petiole length (PTL), and the distinctive shape of the sternite. (C) Petiolar node intermediate between scale-like and cuboidal. (D) Cuboidal petiolar node. (E) Anterior clypeal margin truncate, with angulate lateral lobes. (F) Anterior clypeal margin sinuous, with rounded lateral lobes.

Fig. 6 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 6. Distribution map, face view, and lateral view of petiole of Rasopone pluviselva (holotype worker), R. minuta (worker, Mexico, Chiapas, CASENT0609834), R. JTL043 (worker, Ecuador, MCZ-ENT00716620), and R. JTL048 (worker, French Guiana, CASENT0645961). On distribution maps, red dots are sites with UCE sequence data. Red boxes are type locality.

Fig. 4 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 4. Dealate queen of Rasopone ferruginea (Nicaragua, CASENT0624181). Scale bars are 0.5 mm for face view, 1.0 mm for dorsal and lateral views.

Fig. 5 in Phylogenomic Species Delimitation, Taxonomy, and 'Bird Guide' Identification for the Neotropical Ant Genus Rasopone (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Fig. 5. Male of Rasopone mesoamericana sp. nov. (Nicaragua, CASENT0627722). Scale bars are 0.5 mm for face view, 1.0 mm for dorsal and lateral views.