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opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

Processed data of grasshoppers, butterflies and moths for analyses of species trend models for the regional WWF Living Planet Index for Belgium

This archive contains pre-processed datasets used for the analysis of species occupancy models, the results of which were used in the calculation of multi-species indices as part of the regional WWF Living Planet Index for Belgium. The datasets are csv files (comma separated and . as decimal mark).  For each species group (moths, butterflies and grasshoppers), the following files are available: <ul> <li>a species list (files with 'species' in the name)</li> <li>an observations list (files with 'observations' in the name - for butterfly or moth species with two distinct flight periods, also a file with the data for the second generation is available)</li> </ul> For one species, Fabriciana adippe, separate files are available with corrected data. The species list files contain the following variables: <ul> <li>species_id (unique species id)</li> <li>scientific_name (accepted scientific name according to the GBIF taxonomic backbone)</li> <li>species_name_NL (Dutch species name)</li> <li>species_name_FR (French species name)</li> <li>season_start (n-th day of the year that marks the beginning of the first -and possibly only- generation)</li> <li>season_end (n-th day of the year that marks the end of the first -and possibly only- generation)</li> </ul> The observations files contain the following variables: <ul> <li>species_id (a unique identifier)</li> <li>year (year of observation)</li> <li>month (month of observation)</li> <li>day (day of observation)</li> <li>julian_day (n-th day of the year)</li> <li>site_id (unique identifier for the 1 km x 1km EEA 1 km x 1 km reference grid square <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eea-reference-grids-2">https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eea-reference-grids-2</a>)</li> <li>source (name of data provider)</li> <li>count (max number of sightings for the species for that day and site</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Schematic and adapted figures from IPBES Sustainable Use of Wild Species Assessment - Chapter 3. Status of and trends in the use of wild species and its implications for wild species, the environment and people

Schematic and adapted figures from Chapter 3 of the thematic assessment of the sustainable use of wild species of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Data from: Distributional trends and species richness of Maryland, USA stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera), with an emphasis on the Appalachian region

Faunistic studies of regional biodiversity of aquatic insects are increasing in importance as declines are noted globally. Federal and state government conservation attempts for rare and threatened species are predicated upon the initial research of specialized taxonomists and trained field biologists. Reporting of aquatic insect occurrence data provides a baseline for conservation agencies to compare water quality monitoring studies. Updated fieldwork, literature reviews, and database queries for stoneflies from the mid-Atlantic USA state of Maryland necessitated an assessment of species diversity for the state. Seven new state records and one new literature record are presented, bringing the total number of species to 122. Chao1 estimates of species richness are presented for diversity hotspots and the state as a whole, indicating that increased sampling is still necessary to fully understand diversity patterns. Accompanying are assessments of elevation trends and adult presence patterns within nine families. Collections are predominantly restricted to the Appalachian region, herein we direct future efforts to focus on understudied regions. An outline of distribution knowledge for species is presented to inform upcoming State Wildlife Action Plans.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2012View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Virkkala R, Rajasärkkä A (2012) Preserving species populations in the boreal zone in a changing climate: contrasting trends of bird species groups in a protected area network. Nature Conservation 3: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.3.3635

Mean densities and number of observations of species in 1981–1999 and in 2000–2009

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2019View details →

Fig 8 in Publishing trends and productivity in insect taxonomy from 1946 through 2012 based on an analysis of the Zoological Record for four species-rich families

Fig 8. Number of co-authored papers with authors from different continents from 1946 to 2012.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2019View details →

Fig. 7 in Publishing trends and productivity in insect taxonomy from 1946 through 2012 based on an analysis of the Zoological Record for four species-rich families

Fig. 7. Percentage of articles with co-authors from 1946 to 2012.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

The undetectability of global biodiversity trends using local species richness

Although species are being lost at alarming rates, previous research has provided conflicting results on the extent and even direction of global biodiversity change at the local scale. Here, we assessed the ability to detect global biodiversity trends using local species richness and how it is affected by the number of monitoring sites, sampling interval (i.e., time between original survey and re-survey of the site), measurement error (error of the measurement of the local species richness), spatial grain of monitoring (a proxy for the taxa mobility), and spatial sampling biases (i.e., site-selection biases). We use PREDICTS model-based estimates as a proxy for the real-world distribution of biodiversity and randomly selected monitoring sites to calculate local species richness trends. We found that while a monitoring network with hundreds of sites could detect global change in species richness within a 30-year period, the number of sites for detecting trends doubled for a decade, increased 10-fold within three years, and yearly trends were undetectable. Measurement errors had a non-linear effect on statistical power, with a 1% error reducing statistical power by a slight margin and a 5% error drastically reducing the power to reliably detect any trend. The ability to detect global change in local species richness was also related to spatial grain, making it harder to detect trends for sites sampled at smaller plot sizes. Spatial sampling biases not only reduced the ability to detect negative global biodiversity trends but sometimes yielded positive trends. We conclude that detecting accurate global biodiversity trends using local richness may simply be unfeasible with current approaches. We suggest that monitoring a representative network of sites implemented at the national level, combined with models accounting for errors and biases, can help improve our understanding of global biodiversity change.

publicSep 2022View details →

Data from: Distributional trends and species richness of Maryland, USA stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera), with an emphasis on the Appalachian region

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publicJan 2023View details →

The undetectability of global biodiversity trends using local species richness

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dryad32/100

Data from: Tracking ice phenology by migratory waterbirds: settling phenology and breeding success of species with divergent population trends

Dependence on climate-driven environmental cues in the initiation of life cycle stages is a critical attribute when assessing vulnerability of species to climate change impacts. This study focused on spring ice phenology as a cue to the settling of migratory waterbirds, asking whether there is an asynchrony between ice phenology and setting phenology that could affect breeding success of six species with divergent population trends. In the 37 study lakes in southeastern Finland, the ice-out date not only varied considerably between years, but became progressively earlier during the study period, 1991–2018. Settling phenology of all species tracked inter-annual variation in ice phenology. However, the degree of asynchrony between ice phenology and settling phenology varied between species, allowing discrimination between early and late settlers. Considerable inter-annual variation also occurred within species, but in only one species did the degree of asynchrony correlate with the ice-out date: for the horned grebe Podiceps auritus an earlier ice-out date meant greater asynchrony between settling phenology and ice phenology. The degree of asynchrony between settling phenology and ice phenology did not affect breeding success in any species. However, ice phenology per se affected breeding success of horned grebes: earlier ice-out was associated with lower annual breeding success. Breeding numbers of horned grebe showed a long-term decline. Results suggest that short-distance migratory birds are able to respond to climate change-driven phenological changes in their breeding environments, and that this ability may not depend on the relative timing of breeding.

opencc-zeroOct 2019View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Species' traits explain differences in Red list status and long-term population trends in longhorn beetles

Some species are more likely to go extinct than others and this is partially due to species' traits. Therefore, it is important to establish links between traits and extinction risks. Different aspects of a species' biology also relates to different sources of threat, such as fragmented populations or low population growth rate. In a comparative study of Swedish longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), we related species' traits to two aspects of extinction risk – population decline and small/fragmented populations – measured by long-term population trends and IUCN Red list classifications. Trait relationships were analysed with generalized linear models and multi-model inference. We found that extinction risk generally increased with longer generation times, corresponding to slower life histories. Adult activity period was also related to both metrics of extinction risk, but in different ways. We also found that extinction risk increased with larval host plant specialization, but only for Red list classification. Large body size was related to increased Red list classification in species overwintering as adults, and overwintering stage also structured the effects of several other traits. Our results show that both intrinsic demographic traits and ecological traits affect extinction risks, and also suggest that risks are shaped by multiple mechanisms. Therefore, researchers should carefully choose their metric of extinction risk for comparative studies, as the Red list classification may best capture current risk, whereas population trends can be used more proactively but may reflect historical relationships between traits and extinction risk.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

FIGURE 6 in Trends in new species discovery of Orthoptera (Insecta) from Southeast Asia

FIGURE 6. Map of Southeast Asia indicating the type localities and their countries of depositories. Green represents Germany, yellow represents the Netherlands, red represents Russia, blue represents the United Kingdom and white represents the United States of America.

FIGURE 4 in Trends in new species discovery of Orthoptera (Insecta) from Southeast Asia

FIGURE 4. Kernel density maps of Southeast Asia, indicating density of new species discovery for Orthoptera at three different time periods: between 1787 and 1930 (A), between 1931 and 1980 (B) and between 1981 and 2016 (C). The darker the pixel, the higher the density of new species discovery. Min = 0.000, mean = 0.004, max = 0.178, SD = 0.016 (A); min = 0.000, mean = 0.003, max = 0.166, SD = 0.011 (B); min = 0.000, mean = 0.008, max = 0.657, SD = 0.039 (C).

FIGURE 1 in Trends in new species discovery of Orthoptera (Insecta) from Southeast Asia

FIGURE 1. Kernel density map of Southeast Asia, indicating density of new species discovery for Orthoptera. The darker the pixel, the higher the density of new species discovery. Min = 0, mean = 0.01, max = 0.85, SD = 0.05.

FIGURE 25. Exechonella kleemanni n in Revision of the Recent species of Exechonella Canu & Bassler in Duvergier, 1924 and Actisecos Canu & Bassler, 1927 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata): systematics, biogeography and evolutionary trends in skeletal morphology

FIGURE 25. Exechonella kleemanni n. sp. Red Sea (A‒H: holotype DPUV 2012-0004-0001). A, general view of holotype from above. B, D, close-up of several autozooids. C, lateral view of autozooids showing shape of peristomes, conical foramina, marginal pores and frontal hollow spikes. E, autozooids on colony periphery showing shape of primary orifice, conical foramina, marginal pores and multiporous mural septula (two kenozooids shown by arrows). F, G, close-up of frontal shield. H, details of primary orifice. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B‒H = 100 µm.

FIGURE 28 in Revision of the Recent species of Exechonella Canu & Bassler in Duvergier, 1924 and Actisecos Canu & Bassler, 1927 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata): systematics, biogeography and evolutionary trends in skeletal morphology

FIGURE 28. Actisecos discoidea (Canu & Bassler, 1929). Philippines (A, B: lectotype USNM 545923; C, D, F, paralectotype USNM 545924; E, G, paralectotype USNM 545925; H, paralectotype USNM 545927). A, B, general view of lectotype (A) and paralectotype (C) from above. B, central part of lectotype from above (ancestrula shown by arrowhead). D, F, peripheral part of colony showing peristomes (mostly broken in F) and ooecia. E, general view of paralectotype from below. G, close-up of the peripheral part of colony from below showing details of partial ooecium, basal pore chambers (some shown by arrows) with communication pores and flat kenozooids. H, details of primary orifice and frontal shield. Scale bars: A, C, E = 500 µm; B, D, F, G = 200 µm; H = 100 µm.