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FIGURE 5 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 5. Phylogeny and biogeography of sampled Sphaerodactylus geckos. A. Map of the Greater and Lesser Antilles. Sampled regions are color coded: Hispaniola = yellow; Puerto Rico and the islands of the Puerto Rican bank = blue; Jamaica = orange; Lesser Antilles = black. B. Time-calibrated species tree of sampled Sphaerodactylus species estimated using Star- BEAST2. Numbers at nodes indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP), unlabeled nodes have BPP <0.75. Dark gray horizontal lines at nodes are Bayesian posterior distributions of divergence time, in millions of years. Colored circles at tips indicate geographical distribution and colored nodes correspond to ancestral area reconstruction using stochastic mapping. Time line at the bottom of the tree is in millions of years ago (Ma) with geological periods labelled. The light gray vertical box, labelled "indirect reproductive isolation", encompasses the posterior distribution of divergence times between S. townsendi and S. nicholsi, two species that exhibit post-zygotic reproductive isolation (Pinto et al. 2019). Assuming this is the time necessary to evolve reproductive isolation, this can be an indirect measure for species delimitation. Taxa with divergence time distributions that overlap or are older than the S. townsendi and S. nicholsi split are old enough to have evolved reproductive isolating barriers and are thus candidate species.

FIGURE 15 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 15. Adult specimens of Sphaerodactylus g. grandisquamis from Rio Grande, Puerto Rico. A–B, Female (SHSUHerp000743), C–D male (SHSUHerp000739).

FIGURE 14 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 14. Live specimens of Sphaerodactylus g. grandisquamis from Piñones, Puerto Rico (A, female and B, male).

FIGURE 13 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 13. Adult specimens of Sphaerodactylus inigoi from Culebra island. A–B, Female (SHSUHerp000210), C–D male (SHSUHerp000210).

FIGURE 3 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 3. Sampling localities and approximate distributions for select species of Sphaerodactylus from Puerto Rico and islands on the Puerto Rican Bank. Different shaped symbols are used for each species. A. Sphaerodactylus macrolepis species complex (excluding S. parvus). Sphaerodactylus macrolepis (square); S. grandisquamis (circle); S. inigoi (diamond). B. Sphaerodactylus klauberi (square), S. gaigeae (triangle), S. townsendi (diamond), and S. nicholsi (circle). Numbered localities are listed in Appendix A.

FIGURE 4B in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 4B. Maximum likelihood mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) phylogeny of sampled species of Sphaerodactylus. Species names are followed by specimen ID. Black circles: bootstrap = 100; white circles: bootstrap ≥70 and ≤99; no circle: bootstrap <70.

FIGURE 17 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 17.Adult specimens of Sphaerodactylus g. guarionex from Barceloneta, Puerto Rico.A–B, Female (SHSUHerp000187), C–D male (SHSUHerp000183).

FIGURE 2 in The sprightly little sphaerodactyl: Systematics and biogeography of the Puerto Rican dwarf geckos Sphaerodactylus (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 2. SEM of the dorsal scales of species from S. macrolepis species complex, showing details of the hair bearing organs, with one hair each, and knoblike organs on the dorsal scales. A) S. macrolepis from Great Thatch island (UPRRP 4465), which lack knoblike organs; B) S. inigoi from Vieques (RT 10767); C) S. g. grandisquamis from Loiza, Puerto Rico (RT 14665); D) S. g. mimetes from Patillas, Puerto Rico (RT 14675). All images to the same scale.

FIGURE 4 in A new diurnal gecko in the genus Gonatodes (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) from Margarita Island, Venezuela

FIGURE 4. Habitat of Gonatodes machelae sp. nov. in Cerro El Copey, Margarita Island, Venezuela (top). Juvenile specimen of G. machelae found inside the tank bromeliad Glomeropitcarnia erectiflora. Photos by G. Rivas.

FIGURE 3 in A new diurnal gecko in the genus Gonatodes (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) from Margarita Island, Venezuela

FIGURE 3. Map of eastern Margarita Island, Venezuela, showing the type locality of Gonatodes machelae sp. nov.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of the genus Gonatodes (Squamata: Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae) from the western flank of the Cordillera Oriental in Colombia, with description of its hemipenial morphology

FIGURE 3. Gonatodes chucuri sp. nov. (UIS-R-3616, male; UIS-R-3716 female) paratypes, adult male in life, SVL 46.9 mm). Photo: José Vieira (male dorsolateral view) and Elson Meneses-Pelayo (female and remaining photographs).

FIGURE 1 in A new species of the genus Gonatodes (Squamata: Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae) from the western flank of the Cordillera Oriental in Colombia, with description of its hemipenial morphology

FIGURE 1. Bayesian Analyses consensus tree topology showing the inferred evolutionary relationships within the genus Gonatodes, including the phylogenetic position of Gonatodes chucuri sp. nov. Numbers above each node correspond to Posterior Probabilities and Maximum Likelihood Bootstrap values, separated by a slash symbol.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

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The demise of a wonder: evolutionary history and conservation assessments of the Wonder Gecko Teratoscincus keyserlingii (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae) in Arabia

Effective biodiversity conservation planning starts with the genetic characterization within and among focal populations, in order to understand the likely impact of threats for ensuring the long-term viability of the species. The Wonder Gecko, Teratoscincus keyserlingii, is one of nine members of the genus. The species is distributed in Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan, with a small isolated population in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where it is classified nationally as Critically Endangered. Within its Arabian range, anthropogenic activity is directly linked to the species' decline, highly localized and severely fragmented populations. Here we describe the evolutionary history of Teratoscincus, by reconstructing its phylogenetic relationships and estimating its divergence times and ancestral biogeography. For conservation implications of T. keyserlingii we evaluate the genetic structure of the Arabian population using genomic data. The present<a name="_Hlk41458229">study supports the monophyly of most species and reveals considerable intraspecific variability in T. microlepis and T. keyserlingii, which necessitate broad systematic revisions. </a>The UAE population of T. keyserlingii likely arrived from southern Iran during the Pleistocene and no internal structure was recovered within, implying a single population status. Regional conservation of T. keyserlingii requires improved land management and natural habitat restoration in the species' present distribution, and the expansion of current protected areas, or the establishment of new areas with suitable habitats for the species, mostly in northern Abu Dhabi Emirate.

FIGURE 4 in Extended diagnosis of the type species of Pseudogonatodes Ruthven 1915 (Gekkota Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 4. High resolution computed tomography of the skeleton of Pseudogonatodes furvus (MCZ: Herp: R-29700). A) dorsal view, B) ventral view, C–D) right upper limb, E–G) left lower limb. Note the oblique fracture in the right humerus and the comminuted fractures in the right tibia and fibula.

FIGURE 3 in Extended diagnosis of the type species of Pseudogonatodes Ruthven 1915 (Gekkota Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 3. High resolution computed tomography of the skull of Pseudogonatodes furvus (MCZ:Herp:R-29700) A–C, and P. barbouri (MCZ:Herp:R-14385) D–F.

FIGURE 1 in Extended diagnosis of the type species of Pseudogonatodes Ruthven 1915 (Gekkota Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 1. Detail of external morphology of Pseudogonatodes furvus (CBUMAG:REP: 00283). (A) Head in dorsal view: blue = rostrals, yellow = postrostrals, violet = supraciliary plate. (B) Head in ventral view: orange = mental, purple = postmentals. (C) Head in lateral view: orange = loreals, yellow = supralabials, blue = infralabials. (D) Dorsals at midbody. (E) Ventrals at midbody. (F) Subcaudal patter: yellow = midventrals (denoted by Arabic numbers), gray = laterals (denoted by apostrophe [']). (G) Left hand: orange = lamellae under fourth finger. (H) Right foot: red = lamellae under fourth toe. Digital drawings by Sebastian Contreras Valencia.

FIGURE 2 in Extended diagnosis of the type species of Pseudogonatodes Ruthven 1915 (Gekkota Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 2. Holotype of Pseudogonatodes furvus (UMMZ 47782), male. Photographs modified from University of Michigan Library Digital Collections (http://quod.lib.umich.edu). All the images in the collection are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC-BY-SA 4.0). Accessed: July 04, 2020.

FIGURE 5 in Extended diagnosis of the type species of Pseudogonatodes Ruthven 1915 (Gekkota Sphaerodactylidae)

FIGURE 5. Geographic distribution of Pseudogonatodes furvus in the northwestern and western slopes of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia. Shape file of Google Terrain ©

opennotspecifiedDec 2008View details →

FIGURE 4 in Gecko on the rocks: an enigmatic new species of Gonatodes (Sphaerodactylidae) from Inselbergs of the Venezuelan Guayana

FIGURE 4. Base of the inselberg where three specimens of the type series of G. infernalis were collected. Note the presence of water even during the dry season.