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41 results for “Spirotrichea”
FIGURE 2 in Checklist and distribution of ciliates from the family Euplotidae Ehrenberg, 1838 (Protista: Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) in Slovakia, Central Europe
FIGURE 2. Euplotes moebiusi, Slovak specimens after protargol (A–E) and silver nitrate (F, G) impregnation. (A) Lateral view. (B–E) Ventral (B, C, E) and dorsal (D) views showing cirral pattern and nuclear apparatus. Arrowheads mark the two caudal cirri. (F) Ventral view of anterior body portion showing the irregular silverline system. (G) Dorsal view showing the double-eurystomus silverline pattern. AZM—adoral zone of membranelles, DK—dorsal kineties, FV—frontoventral cirri, MA—macronucleus, MC—left marginal cirri, PM—paroral membrane, TC—transverse cirri. Scale bars: 10 µm (F, G) and 20 µm (A–E).
FIGURE 1 in Benthic ciliates from Sepetiba Bay (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) with description of Pseudokeronopsis sepetibensis n. sp. (Spirotrichea: Urostylida)
FIGURE 1: Map of Sepetiba Bay located in the south region of Rio de Janeiro state, with the circle marks indicates the sampling stations.
FIGURES 1–3. 1 in Description of Parentocirrus brasiliensis sp. n. (Ciliophora: Spirotrichea), a new ciliate protist present in activated sludge
FIGURES 1–3. 1. Drawing of living specimen, showing ventral side. CV = contractile vacuole. 2. Drawing of silver impregnated specimen, showing ventral side. Macronuclear row dettached and displayed in the left. Ma = macronuclear nodules; Mi = micronuclei. 3. Drawing of silver impregnated specimen, showing dorsal side. Kineties are indicated by arabic algarisms. Arrows point to scattered kinetids. CC = caudal cirri.
FIGURES 8–10. Silver impregnated specimens. 8 in Description of Parentocirrus brasiliensis sp. n. (Ciliophora: Spirotrichea), a new ciliate protist present in activated sludge
FIGURES 8–10. Silver impregnated specimens. 8 – specimen with anomalous macronuclear apparatus. Arrowheads pointing to anteriormost and posteriormost macronuclear nodules, which are constricted in the equatorial region; 9 – specimen showing ventral ciliature variation. Arrowhead pointing to cirrus located between right ventral row and right marginal row; 10 – Dorsal side showing dorsal ciliature variation. Arrowhead pointing to posterior scattered kinetids. Legend: Ma = Macronuclear module; Mi = micronucleus. Scale bars: 10µm.
FIGURES 2–7 in Benthic ciliates from Sepetiba Bay (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) with description of Pseudokeronopsis sepetibensis n. sp. (Spirotrichea: Urostylida)
FIGURES 2–7: 2: schematic drawings of Pseudokeronopsis sepetibensis n.sp. – a) in vivo ventral side; b) ventral side after protargol impregnation; c) close view of the anterior region of ventral side d) dorsal side; e) ventral side showing the macronuclei. 3: Photomicrograph of the anterior region. 4: Photomicrograph of the ventral side showing the contractile vacuoles. 5–7: Photomicrograph of silver impregnated specimens of ventral side – 5: P.sepetibensis total view showing left marginal cirri and right marginal cirri; 6: close view of the midi region; 7: Close view of the posterior region showing transverse cirri. Legends: AZM: adoral zone of membranelles; AFC: anterior frontal cirri; CV: contractile vacuole; DK: dorsal kineties; FTC: frontoterminal cirri; LMC: left marginal cirri; Ma: macronuclei; MVC: midventral cirri; OM: oral membranelles; PFC: posterior frontal cirri; RMC: right marginal cirri; TC: transverse cirri; MIT: intermembranellar interruption.
Figure 6 in Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea
Figure 6. The maximum-likelihood (ML) tree inferred from the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences of 63 spirotrichous taxa, showing the position of Bergeriella ovata gen. et sp. nov. (boxed), and the phylogenetic relationships among the taxa possessing midventral cirral rows (i.e. urostylids s.l.; branches are depicted by thick lines, and species names are highlighted in bold text). Nodal support for branches in the ML, Bayesian inference (BI), and neighbour-joining (NJ) trees are marked in order. Bootstrap values lower than 50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities lower than 0.70 are replaced with hyphens. Clades with different topologies in the NJ tree relative to the ML and BI trees are indicated with asterisks. All branches are drawn to scale. The scale bar corresponds to five substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. Phacodinium and Protocruzia were taken as out-group taxa.
Figure 3 in Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea
Figure 3. Ventral (A, C, E, G) and dorsal (B, D, F, H) views of Bergeriella ovata gen. et sp. nov. in morphogenesis (A–D) and regeneration (E–H), after impregnation with protargol. A, an early divider, showing the oral primordium (arrow) and fronto-ventral-transverse (FVT) anlagen (arrowhead) of the proter. The double arrowheads mark the anlagen for the nonmigratory row, which comes from the posteriormost FVT streak. B, the same specimen as shown in (A), showing the enlarged macronuclear nodules and the formation of the dorsal kinety anlagen (arrows). C, an individual at a late stage of division, with all cirri developed; note the structures that will respectively form the enlarged postoral ventral cirri (arrowheads) and the delicate left ventral cirri (arrows). The double arrowheads indicate the anlagen for the nonmigratory row. D, the differentiating marginal row (arrows) and dorsal kineties; note that the macronuclear nodules are separating. E, F, an early reorganizer, showing the oral primordium (arrow in E), FVT streak (arrowhead), nonmigratory row (double arrowheads) and dorsal kinety anlagen; the arrows in (F) indicate the anlagen for the right and left marginal rows, which are derived within the parental structure. G, H, a middle-stage reorganizer, with a further proliferation of kinetosomes, showing the first frontal cirrus (arrow in G) generated from the undulating membrane anlagen, the basal bodies developed from FVT streaks (arrowhead), the anlagen for the nonmigratory row (double arrowheads), and the anlagen for the right and left marginal rows (arrows in H). Abbreviations: DK, dorsal kineties; DKA, dorsal kinety anlagen. Scale bars: 40 Mm.
Figure 2 in Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea
Figure 2. Photomicrographs of Bergeriella ovata gen. et sp. nov. from life. A, ventral view of a specimen. B, C, ventral view of slender and fat forms; the arrow indicates the wide and bright oral field. D, lateral view. E, F, lateral (E) and dorsal (F) views, showing the distribution of the granules; the arrows mark the granule rows near the base of each marginal cirrus, the arrowheads point to the granule rows along with midventral rows, and the double arrowheads mark the granule bands in the gap between the somatic kineties. G, H, showing the cortical granules (arrows), the fibres associated with cirri (arrowheads), and a dorsal cilium (double arrowheads). I, focusing on the oral field; note the paroral membrane (arrowhead) and the endoral membrane (arrow). J, the cortical granules (arrow) near the base of marginal cirri. K, lateral view of the posterior portion; arrows point to the enlarged postoral ventral cirri. L, globular lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. Scale bars: 50 Mm.
Figure 1 in Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea
Figure 1. Bergeriella ovata gen. et sp. nov. drawn from life (A–C, E–F) and after impregnation with protargol (D, G–J). A, ventral view of a specimen. B, different body shapes. C, section of the ventral infraciliature, showing the fibres associated with the postoral ventral cirri (double arrowheads) and the obliquely arranged left ventral cirri (arrow). D, distribution of cortical granules (arrow) near the marginal cirri. E, F, distribution of the cortical granules on the ventral (E) and dorsal (F) sides; the arrow indicates the granules along the nonmigratory row, and the arrowheads point to the granular rows along the dorsal kineties. G, left lateral side view of the infraciliature. H–I, ventral (H) and dorsal (I) views of the infraciliature; note the enlarged postoral ventral cirri (dashed lines), the frontal cirri (dashed lines), and the three dorsal kineties (arrows). J, ventral view of an early divider; the arrow indicates the oral primordium of the proter, the arrowheads mark the old endoral membranes in dedifferentiation, and the double arrowhead points to the oral primordium of the opisthe. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK, dorsal kineties; EM, endoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; LVR, left ventral rows; MVR, midventral rows; NMR, nonmigratory row; PM, paroral membrane; PVR, postoral ventral rows; RMR, right marginal row. Scale bars: 40 Mm (A–C, F–J); 15 Mm (E).
Figure 5 in Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea
Figure 5. Photomicrographs of regeneration in Bergeriella ovata gen. et sp. nov. after impregnation with protargol. A, B, ventral views of middle reorganizers, showing the oral primordium (arrow in A), fronto-ventral-transverse (FVT) anlagen (arrowheads), and the anlagen for the nonmigratory row (double arrowhead); the arrow in (B) points to the undulating membrane anlagen. C, a middle-stage reorganizer; the arrow marks the first frontal cirrus generated from the undulating membrane anlagen, and the arrowheads indicate the anlagen for the nonmigratory row. D, dorsal view of the same specimen, showing the anlagen for the left marginal row (arrow) and the dorsal kinety anlagen (arrowheads).
Figure 4 in Morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of a new marine urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the South China Sea, and a brief overview of the convergent evolution of the midventral pattern within the Spirotrichea
Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Bergeriella ovata gen. et sp. nov. after impregnation with protargol. A, infraciliature of the ventral posterior portion, showing the nonmigratory row (arrow), the postoral (arrowheads), and the left ventral cirri (double arrowheads). B, infraciliature of an anterior portion, showing the frontal cirri (arrows), buccal cirri (arrowhead), and the undulating membranes (double arrowheads). C, left lateral view, showing the left ventral rows, and the left marginal row (arrow). D, dorsal kineties, in which kinetosomes become more densely spaced from left to right (arrows). E, dorsal view, showing the anterior portion of the nonmigratory row (arrowhead) and the right marginal row (arrow). F, nuclear apparatus, some with replication bands can be seen. G, H, ventral and dorsal views of an early stage divider, showing the undulating membrane anlagen (arrow in G), FVT anlagen (arrowheads), and the anlagen for the nonmigratory row, which come from the posteriormost FVT streak (double arrowheads) of the opisthe. The arrows in (H) indicate the dorsal kineties anlagen. I, early divider showing the appearance of the oral primordium (arrow) and the enlarged macronuclear nodules of the proter. J, separating ellipsoid macronuclear nodules. K, L, ventral views of a late-stage divider (same specimen), showing the developed cirri of the proter (K) and the opisthe (L); the arrows indicate the migrating postoral and left ventral cirri, and the arrowheads indicate the anlagen for the nonmigratory row. M, dorsal view of the same specimen shown in (K) and (L), showing the anlagen of the marginal rows (arrows) and the new dorsal kineties.
Figure 6 in First record of two urotsylid ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) from Japan expanding the circumscription of species
Figure 6. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a late divider, showing newly formed oral ciliature and cirri, arrow and arrowheads show frontoterminal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (B) the same divider as in A; arrows show new proximal membranelles, arrowheads indicate two right dorsal kinety anlagen formed in subcortical pounch; (C) a very late divider, showing new cirri and membranelles, arrows indicate the further development of right dorsal kinety anlagen, arrowheads denote frontoterminal cirri, doruble-arrowhead marks paroral and endoral membranes; (D, F) part of the same proter (D) and opisthe (F) as in C, arrows show left dorsal kinety anlagen; (E) part of the opisthe as in C, arrows indicate the fusing macronuclear nodules; (G) right dorsal kinety anlagen formed de novo close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety (arrows); (H) anlage of left marginal row near the parental row and a few cirri become dedifferentiated and join the process (arrow); (I) ventral view of a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of anlagen and primordium, arrow shows the leftmost frontal cirrus derived from the anterior end of undulating membranes anlage, inset: proximal part of oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (J) ventral view of a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are formed, arrow shows the anterior portion of left marginal row curves rightward, arrowhead indicates buccal cirrus; (K, L) ventral view of the anterior (K) and posterior (L) portion of the same late reorganiser, showing the further
Figure 5 in First record of two urotsylid ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) from Japan expanding the circumscription of species
Figure 5. Micrographs of Uncinata bradburyae, (A–F) from life and (G–N) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and the snout-like structure, respectively; (B) ventral view of a cell, showing yellow-greenish pigments and food vacuoles (arrows); (C) a small, lightly contracted cell; (D) ventral view of anteterior body portion, showing narrow buccal field and transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (E) broadly rounded posterior body end; (F) densely arranged, corlourless cortical granules; (G) ventral view of a specimen, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow and arrowhead indicate the distal end of adoral zone and transverse section of left marginal row, respectively; (H) posterior end of the cell, showing ejected cortical granules; (I) macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads), double arrowhead shows the elongated adoral membranelles; (J) anterior portion of body, showing oral ciliature and the transverse section of left marginal row (arrow); (K) ventral adoral membranelles including elongated ones (arrows) at the proximal end of adoral zone, and macronuclear nodules some of which show replication band (arrowheads); (L) structure of elongated membranelles (arrows); (M) ventral view of anterior body portion, showing oral ciliature, three enlarged frontal cirri (arrowheads), buccal cirrus (double arrowhead), and other cirri, arrow indicates the gap between frontal and ventral adoral membranelles; (N) ventral view of anterior portion of body, indicating oral ciliature and some cirri, arrow and arrowheads show the distal end of adoral zone and three enlarged frontral cirri, respectively, double arrowhead indicates transverse section of left marginal row; inset: details of adoral membranelles at proximal end of adoral zone. Scale bars: 100 μm.
Figure 4 in First record of two urotsylid ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) from Japan expanding the circumscription of species
Figure 4. Morphogenesis and reorganisation of Uncinata bradburyae from protargol staining. (A) A small part of a middle divider, showing analgen for right dorsal kineties and right marginal row, arrow indicates the dedifferentiation of a parental cirrus in the middle part of right marginal row; (B) ventral view of a late divider, showing the development of cirri and new membranelles in both proter and opisthe, arrow and arrowhead indicate the leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus, respectively; inset: anlagen for right dorsal kineties almost formed de novo in subpellicular pounch close to the parental rightmost dorsal kinety; (C) part of a middle divider, showing two kinds of anlagen for dorsal kineties formed de novo; (D) part of a middle divider, showing fused macronuclear mass, micronuclei (arrowheads) and the anlagen for left dorsal kineties right of the parental leftmost dorsal kinety; (E) part of a late divider, showing two dorsal kinety anlagen each with five streaks visible at right of the parental rightmost dorsal kinety at two levels, two macronuclear nodules (arrows) and micronuclei (arrowheads); (F) a mid-reorganiser, showing the development of cirral anlagen and oral primordium, arrowhead indicates the leftmost frontal cirrus, inset: oral primordium in subcortical pounch; (G) a late reorganiser, showing new oral and somatic ciliature are almost formed, arrow indicates two frontoterminal cirri migrated to the mid-body of cell, inset: the anlagen for right dorsal kineties; (H) a very late reorganiser, showing all new structures are almost finally positioned. FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LDA, left doral kinety anlage; LMA, left marginal anlage; LMR, left marignal row; RDA, right dorsal kienty anlage; RMA, right marginal anlage; RMR, right marginal row; VAM, ventral adroal membranelles; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm.
Figure 2 in First record of two urotsylid ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) from Japan expanding the circumscription of species
Figure 2. Micrographs of Trichototaxis marina, (A–J) from life and (K–R) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view of a representative individual, showing general morphology and grooves along cirral rows (arrows); (B, C, F) different body, showing shape variation; (D) illustrates the flexibility of the cell; (E) cortical granules densely arranged along cirral rows (arrows); (G) ventral view of a cell, showing grooves along cirral rows (arrows); (H) indicates the bases of membranelles and cirri; (I) weird pigment spots (arrows); (J) anterior body portion, showing thick buccal lip (arrow) and the ingested diatoms (arrowheads); (K) ventral view to show ciliature and nuclear apparatus; (L) basal body composition of cirri, arrowheads indicate micronuclei; (M) cirri and associated fibres; (N) ventral view of a specimen, showing oral apparatus and ciliary pattern, arrow and arrowhead show buccal cirri and endoral membrane, respectively; (O) ventral view of the same specimen as in N, showing somatic ciliature in posterior portion of cell; (P) ventral view of part of buccal field, showing buccal lip (arrow), buccal cirrus (arrowhead) and undulating membranes; (Q) middle part of a cell, showing the arrangement of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads); (R) macronuclear nodules, micronuclei (arrow) and adoral membranelles. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; EM, edoral membrane; FC, frontal cirri; FT, frontoterminal cirri; LMR1, the innermost left marginal row; LMR2, the exterior left marginal row; MN, macronuclear nodule; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm.
Figure 3 in First record of two urotsylid ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) from Japan expanding the circumscription of species
Figure 3. Morphology of Uncinata bradburyae, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B, C) ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same specimen, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrowheads). Arrow shows the distal end of adoral zone of membranelles, double arrowhead indicates the transverse section of left marginal row; (D) ventral ciliature of a large cell, arrow and arrowhead indicate buccal cirrus and the gap between frontal and ventral membranelles, respectively; (E) ventral view of a small form, showing ciliature, macronuclear nodules (contours) and micronuclei (arrowheads). DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; EM, endoral membrane; FAM, frontal adoral membranelles; FC, frontal cirri; FTC, frontoterminal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; MC, midventral complex; PM, paroral membrane; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; VAM, ventral adoral membranelles. Scale bars: 50 μm.
Figure 1 in First record of two urotsylid ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Spirotrichea) from Japan expanding the circumscription of species
Figure 1. Morphology of Trichototaxis marina, (A) from life and (B–E) after protargol staining. (A) Ventral view showing representative body shape; (B) ventral view of a specimen, showing three left marginal rows; (C) ventral view of a specimen having two buccal cirri, cirri from the same anlage are connected by a broken line; (D) ventral view of a cell with three buccal cirri, arrow shows paroral membrane, arrowhead indicates one displaced buccal cirrus; (E) dorsal view of a specimen, showing dorsal kineties, macronuclear nodules, and micronuclei (arrowheads). AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DK1, the leftmost dorsal kinety; DK2, the second dorsal kinety counting from the left; DKn, the rightmost dorsal kinety; F, fibres; FC, frontal cirri; FT, frontoterminal cirri; LMR1, the innermost left marginal row; LMR2, the exterior left marginal row; LMR3, the outermost left marginal row; MN, macronuclear nodule; MP, midventral pair; PT, pretransverse ventral cirri; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm.
Figs 67–90 in Taxonomic Descriptions of Two Marine Ciliates, Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. and Euplotes balteatus (Dujardin, 1841) Kahl, 1932 (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea, Euplotida), Collected from the Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia
Figs 67–90. Morphologically similar marine Euplotes species with double-eurystomus silverline system pattern, and 10 frontoventral, two caudal, two marginal cirri. 67–72 – E. alatus Kahl, 1932 (67, 68 from Kahl 1932; 69–72 from Borror 1968); 73–75 – E. magnicirratus Carter, 1972 (from Carter 1972); 76–79 – E. trisulcatus Kahl, 1932 (76, 77 from Kahl 1932; 78, 79 from Carter 1972); 80–83 – E. quinquecarinatus Gelei, 1950 sensu Borror (1968) (from Borror 1968); 84–86 – E. wilberti Pan et al., 2012 (from Song and Wilbert 2002); 87–90 – E. parabalteauts Jiang et al., 2010 (from Jiang et al. 2010a). Scale bars: 25 μm.
Figs 54–66 in Taxonomic Descriptions of Two Marine Ciliates, Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. and Euplotes balteatus (Dujardin, 1841) Kahl, 1932 (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea, Euplotida), Collected from the Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia
Figs 54–66. Photomicrographs of Euplotes balteatus in vivo (54–57) and after protargol-impregnation (58–66). 54, 55 – ventral views of different individuals, arrow (54) denotes the contractile vacuole; 56 – dorsal view, arrowheads mark dominant ridges; 57 – ventral view, arrowheads mark ventral ridges, double-arrowhead denote paroral membrane; 58, 59 – different shapes of macronucleus, arrowhead (58) marks the micronucleus; 60, 61 – infraciliature on the ventral and dorsal sides; 62 – double-eurystomus type of silverline system on the ventral side; 63–66 – ventral and dorsal views of an early divider, showing the marginal cirral anlagen (63, arrowheads), frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen (64, arrowheads), the dorsal kineties anlagen (65, arrowheads), and replication bands (66, arrowheads). Scale bars: 50 μm.
Figs 10–18 in Taxonomic Descriptions of Two Marine Ciliates, Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. and Euplotes balteatus (Dujardin, 1841) Kahl, 1932 (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea, Euplotida), Collected from the Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia
Figs 10–18. Morphogenesis and macronucleus of Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. after protargol impregnation. 10–12 – different shapes of macronucleus; 13, 14 – ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen at an early stage of morphogenesis, showing the appearance of frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen (arrowheads), the developing oral primordium (arrow) and the proliferation of basal bodies in the dorsal kineties (double-arrowheads); 15, 16 – ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen showing the marginal cirral anlagen (arrowheads) and the newly formed dorsal kinety anlagen (double-arrowheads); 17, 18 – ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen showing the migratory cirral anlage in the proter (arrowhead) and the longer dorsal kinety anlagen (double-arrowheads).
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