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80 results for “Steinernematidae”
Figure 6 in Steinernema africanum n. sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a New Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Isolated in the Republic of Rwanda
Figure 6: Scanning electron microscope micrographs of first-generation adults of Steinernema afriCanUm n. sp. (A, B) Lip region of a female and a male, respectively, in lateral view. Arrows pointing the amphids (C: cheilostom, G: gymnostom, S: stegostom, cp: cephalic papillae, and lp: labial papillae). (C) Male posterior end in sub-ventral view – GP, MP, ph. (D, E) Lip region of a female and a male, respectively, in frontal view. (F, G) EP of a female and a male, respectively. (H) Vulva. (I) Male posterior end in sub-ventral view – GP, MP, ph. (J) Male posterior end in sub-ventral view – GP, MP. (K) Female anus. Arrow pointing a post-anal pore. (L, M) Female tail in lateral and ventral views, respectively. Black arrow pointing a post-anal pore, white arrows pointing the phasmids. EP, excretory pore; GP, genital papillae; MP, mid-ventral papilla; ph, phasmid.
Figure 3 in Steinernema africanum n. sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a New Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Isolated in the Republic of Rwanda
Figure 3: Line drawings of first- and second-generation Steinernema afriCanUm n. sp. males. (A–D) First-generation male: (A) Stoma and pharynx region; (B) Lip region and stoma; (C) Entire male; (D) Posterior end. (E–H) Second-generation male: (E) Stoma and pharynx region; (F) Lip region and stoma; (G) Entire male; (H) Posterior end.
Figure 2 in Steinernema africanum n. sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a New Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Isolated in the Republic of Rwanda
Figure 2: Line drawings of first- and second-generation Steinernema afriCanUm n. sp. females. (A–E) First-generation female: (A) Stoma and pharynx region; (B) Lip region and stoma; (C) Vagina region; (D) Posterior end; (E) Entire female. (F–I) Second-generation female: (F) Stoma and pharynx region; (G) Lip region and stoma; (H) Vagina region; (I) Posterior end.
Figure S2 in Steinernema africanum n. sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a New Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Isolated in the Republic of Rwanda
Figure S2: Pairwise comparisons of the nucleotide sequences of the D2–D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA. (A) Sequence similarities (%). (B) Number of nucleotide differences (bp). A total of 786 nucleotide positions, flanked by primers D2F and 536, were analyzed. NCBI accession numbers of the nucleotide sequences used for the analyses are shown next to the species names. NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information.
Figure 9 in Steinernema africanum n. sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a New Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Isolated in the Republic of Rwanda
Figure 9: Phylogenetic relationships between the XenOrhabdUS symbiont isolated from Steinernema afriCanUm n. sp. and other XenOrhabdUS species. Phylogenetic trees were built based on core genome sequences. A total of 1,719,910 nucleotide positions were used in the analyses. Numbers at the nodes represent SH-like branch supports. Bar represents 0.05 nucleotide substitutions per sequence position. Accession numbers of the genome sequences used for the reconstruction are shown in Table S1 in Supplementary Material.
Figure S1 in Steinernema africanum n. sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a New Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Isolated in the Republic of Rwanda
Figure S1: Pairwise comparisons of the ITS nucleotide sequences. (A) Sequence similarities (%). (B) Number of nucleotide differences (bp). A total of 808 nucleotide positions, flanked by primers 18S and 26S, were analyzed. NCBI accession numbers of the nucleotide sequences used for the analyses are shown next to the species names. ITS, internal transcribed spacer; NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information.
Fig. 3 in Control of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with Steinernema riobrave (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in plasticulture Florida strawberry
Fig. 3. Progression of damage to strawberry plants (n = 13 per plot) when a central plant in each plot was infested with 4 late-instar Diaprepes abbreviatus. All plants in a plot received 1 or 2 soil applications of infective juvenile Steinernema riobrave (25 per cm2 in 50 mL water), 1 application of imidacloprid (Admire® Pro, 767 mL per ha), or water (control) on 16 and 22 Nov 2017, and plants were categorized weekly from pre-application (16 Nov) up to 4 wk post-application (14 Dec) using a rating scale of (1) healthy, (2) minor wilting, (3) major wilting, (4) mix of brown and green leaves, or (5) dead with all brown leaves. Strawberry plants were in raised, plasticulture earthen beds in research plots at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Balm, Florida, USA.
Fig. 1 in Control of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with Steinernema riobrave (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in plasticulture Florida strawberry
Fig. 1. Strawberry plot layout for testing applications of Steinernema riobrave for controlling late-instar Diaprepes abbreviatus placed around the root zones of infested plants. Strawberries (38 cm in-row spacing) were planted into raised, earthen beds (1.2 m width) covered with black plastic mulch in research plots at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Balm, Florida, USA.
Fig. 2 in Control of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with Steinernema riobrave (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in plasticulture Florida strawberry
Fig. 2. Mean live (± SEM) and dead Steinernema riobrave-infected or uninfected, late-instar Diaprepes abbreviatus from soil in the root-zone of a randomly selected peripheral strawberry plant (n = 6) (see Fig. 1) afer 1 or 2 applications of infective juvenile Steinernema riobrave (25 per cm2 in 50 mL water), 1 application of imidacloprid (Admire® Pro, 767 mL per ha), or water (control) were made 16 and 22 Nov 2017 around the base of each plant. Plants were in raised, plasticulture earthen beds in research plots at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Balm, Florida, USA.
Fig. 2 in Development of Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in larvae of Chaetonyx robustus (Coleoptera: Orphnidae)
Fig. 2. Liva (A) and infected larva (B) of Chaetonyx robustus. Scale bar: 2 mm.
FIGURE 8. Phylogenetic relationships between 22 in SEM and systematic studies of Steinernema abbasi Elawad et al., 1997, and S. riobrave Cabanillas et al., 1994 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)
FIGURE 8. Phylogenetic relationships between 22 species of Steinernema with bootstrap analysis (500 replicates) of D2/D3 regions. A heuristic search was conducted using maximum parsimony analysis (PAUP). Note that the four species with hornlike structures (S. abbasi, S. bicornutum, S. ceratophorum, S. riobrave) comprise a monophyletic group. The numbers represent bootstrap proportions.
FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic relationships between 15 in SEM and systematic studies of Steinernema abbasi Elawad et al., 1997, and S. riobrave Cabanillas et al., 1994 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)
FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic relationships between 15 species of Steinernema with bootstrap analysis (500 replicates) of ITS regions. Note that the four species with hornlike structures (S. abbasi, S. bicornutum, S. ceratophorum, S. riobrave) form a monophyletic group. The numbers represent bootstrap proportions.
FIGURE 3 in SEM and systematic studies of Steinernema abbasi Elawad et al., 1997, and S. riobrave Cabanillas et al., 1994 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)
FIGURE 3. SEM of lateral field of infective juveniles of S. abbasi. A, anterior region of an infective juvenile showing the beginning of lateral field. B, anterior region of an infective juvenile showing the changes of lateral field from 2 to 6 then to 8 ridges. C, lateral field with 8 ridges but the second ridge from the left is fainted. D, lateral field with 8 ridges. E, lateral field with 8 ridges then 7. F, posterior part of lateral field showing phasmid (p) and the change of ridge number from 6 to 2. Scales: A=7.5 m; B=5 m; C=7.5 m; D=6.6 m; E,F=6.7 m.
FIGURE 5 in SEM and systematic studies of Steinernema abbasi Elawad et al., 1997, and S. riobrave Cabanillas et al., 1994 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)
FIGURE 5. SEM of anterior region of exsheathed and ensheathed infective juveniles of S. riobrave. A,B, labial region of exsheathed IJ showing 2 hornlike structures in labial region. C,D, labial region of ensheathed infective juveniles showing labial region without 2 hornlike structures. Scales: A D = 4.3 m.
FIGURE 2 in SEM and systematic studies of Steinernema abbasi Elawad et al., 1997, and S. riobrave Cabanillas et al., 1994 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)
FIGURE 2. SEM of anterior region of infective juveniles (IJ) of S. abbasi. A,B, labial region of exsheathed IJ showing 2 hornlike structures in labial region. C,D, labial region of ensheathed infective juveniles showing labial region without 2 hornlike structures. Scales: A = 4.3 m; B = 5.0
FIGURE 4 in SEM and systematic studies of Steinernema abbasi Elawad et al., 1997, and S. riobrave Cabanillas et al., 1994 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)
FIGURE 4. SEM of female and males of S. riobrave. A, labial region showing the mouth, labial papillae (l), amphid (a), and cephalic papillae (c). B, posterior region of S. riobrave showing 12 pairs (arrows) and a single (s) genital papillae. CD posterior region of males showing the presence of a special pair of genital papillae at the edge of the cloaca (arrow). Scales: A = 7.5 m; B = 60
FIGURE 6 in SEM and systematic studies of Steinernema abbasi Elawad et al., 1997, and S. riobrave Cabanillas et al., 1994 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)
FIGURE 6. SEM of lateral field of infective juvenile of S. riobrave. A, anterior region of an infective juvenile showing the changes of lateral field pattern from 2 to 7. B,C, anterior region of an infective juvenile showing the changes of lateral field from 7 to 8 ridges. D, lateral field changes from 8 to 6 ridges. E,F, posterior region of lateral field of infective juvenile showing phasmid (p), and the change of the ridge number from 6 to 2. Scales: AF= 4.3 m.
FIGURE 1 in SEM and systematic studies of Steinernema abbasi Elawad et al., 1997, and S. riobrave Cabanillas et al., 1994 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae)
FIGURE 1. SEM of female and male of S. abbasi. A, anterior region of a female showing mouth, labial papillae (l), amphid (a) and cephalic papillae (c); B, posterior region of a female showing postanal swelling. C, anterior region of a male showing mouth, labial papillae (l), amphid (a), and cephalic papillae (c). D, posterior region of a male showing genital papillae. E, Posterior region of a male showing preanal papillae. F,G, variation in shape of spicules. Scales: A = 10 m; B = 30 m; C = 10 m; D = 20 m; E = 37.5 m; E and F = 23 m.
FIGURE 8. Phylogenetic relationships between 17 in Steinernema guangdongense sp. n. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern China with a note on S. serratum (nomen nudum)
FIGURE 8. Phylogenetic relationships between 17 species of Steinernema with bootstrap analysis of ITS regions. The five species S. diaprepesi, S, glaseri, S. guangdongense, S. longicaudum (strains CB2B and CWL05) form a monophyletic group. Numbers at the nodes represent bootstrap proportion.
FIGURE 3 in Steinernema guangdongense sp. n. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from southern China with a note on S. serratum (nomen nudum)
FIGURE 3. Comparative photographs of spicule shape and spicule tips of the firstgeneration male of Steinernema guangdongense n. sp. (A, B) and S. longicaudum (C, D). Note: Spicule tip of S. longicaudum suddenly narrow to form the tip but not for S. guangdongense n. sp. Scale bars: A, B = 20 μm, C, D = 25 μm.
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