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33 results for “Steller”
Genomic basis for skin phenotype and cold adaptation in the extinct Steller's sea cow
<p><span>Steller's sea cow, an extinct sirenian and one of the largest Quaternary mammals, was described by Georg Steller in 1741 and eradicated by humans within 27 years. Here, we complement Steller's descriptions with paleogenomic data from 12 individuals. We identified convergent evolution between Steller's sea cow and cetaceans but not extant sirenians, suggesting a role of several genes in adaptation to cold environments. Among these are inactivations of lipoxygenase genes, which in humans and mouse models cause ichthyosis – a skin disease characterized by a thick, hyperkeratotic epidermis that recapitulates Steller's sea cows' reportedly bark-like skin. Finally, we found that Steller's sea cows' abundance was continuously declining for tens of thousands of years prior to their description, implying that environmental changes also contributed to their extinction.</span></p>
On following pages: 12. South American Sea Lion (Otaria byronia); 13. Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus); 14. California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus); 15. Galapagos Sea Lion (Zalophus wollebaeki). in Otariidae
On following pages: 12. South American Sea Lion (Otaria byronia); 13. Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus); 14. California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus); 15. Galapagos Sea Lion (Zalophus wollebaeki).
Age at weaning in Steller sea lions
<p>The duration of offspring care is critical to female fitness and population resilience by allowing flexibility in life history strategies in a variable environment. Yet, for many mammals capable of extended periods of maternal care, estimates of the duration of offspring dependency are not available and the relative importance of flexibility of this trait on fitness and population viability has rarely been examined. We used data from 4,447 Steller sea lions <i>Eumetopias jubatus</i> from the Gulf of Alaska and multistate hidden Markov mark-recapture models to estimate age-specific weaning probabilities. Maternal care beyond age 1 was common: weaning was later for animals from Southeast Alaska (SEAK) and Prince William Sound (PWS, weaning probabilities: 0.538–0.648 / 0.784–0.873 by age 1 / 2) compared to animals born to the west (0.714–0.855 / 0.798–0.938). SEAK/PWS animals were also smaller than those born farther west, suggesting a possible link. Females weaned slightly earlier (+0.080 at age 1 and 2) compared with males in SEAK only. Poor survival for weaned versus unweaned yearlings occurred in southern SEAK (female survival probabilities: 0.609 versus 0.792) and the central Gulf (0.667 versus 0.901), suggesting poor conditions for juveniles in these areas. First-year survival increased with neonatal body mass (NBM) linearly in the Gulf and non-linearly in SEAK. The probability of weaning at age 1 increased linearly with NBM for SEAK animals only. Rookeries where juveniles weaned at earlier ages had lower adult female survival, but age at weaning was unrelated to population trends. Our results suggest the time to weaning may be optimized for different habitats based on long-term average conditions (e.g., prey dynamics), that may also shape body size, with limited short-term plasticity. An apparent trade-off of adult survival in favor of juvenile survival and large offspring size in the endangered Gulf of Alaska population requires further study.</p>
Age at weaning in Steller sea lions
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Data from: Natal and breeding philopatry of female Steller sea lions in southeastern Alaska
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Data from: Survival of adult Steller sea lions in Alaska: senescence, annual variation and covariation with male reproductive success
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Data from: Age specific survival rates of Steller sea lions at rookeries with divergent population trends in the Russian Far East
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Genomic basis for skin phenotype and cold adaptation in the extinct Steller's sea cow
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Data from: Spatial distribution, movements, and geographic range of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska
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Data from: Rewriting the history of an extinction - was a population of Steller's sea cows (Hydrodamalis gigas) at St. Lawrence Island also driven to extinction?
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Data from: Crossing to safety: Dispersal, colonization and mate choice in evolutionarily distinct populations of Steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus.
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Steller's Sea Cow (NHMW-Zoo-MAMM 614)
3D scan of one of the 27 existing skeletons of the extinct Steller's sea cow (*Hydrodamalis gigas*) worldwide. Steller's sea cow was up to 8 meters long, weighted about 4 tons and lived in the Northern Pacific. They were very social, gregarious animals who came to the aid of injured members of their species, which – combined with their site fidelity and their slow rate of reproduction – was a significant factor of their rapid elimination just 27 years after their discovery in 1741. Steller's sea cow is Number 87 of the NHM Top 100 and can be found in Hall 34 of the NHM Vienna. **Specimen**: Steller's sea cow, *Hydrodamalis gigas* (Zimmermann, 1780) **Inventory number**: NHMW-Zoo-MAMM 614 **Collection**: Natural History Museum Vienna, 1st Zoological Dept., Mammal Coll. Find out more about the NHMW [here](http://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/en). Scanned and edited by Viola Winkler (NHM Wien) Scanner: Artec Leo. Infrastructure funded by the FFG. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Novel applications of next generation sequencing tools to assess the health of Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) populations
GEO Series GSE100883. Eumetopias jubatus. 13 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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