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Fig. 1 in Distribution Patterns And Genetic Variability Of Three Stream-Dwelling Fish Species

Fig. 1. Map of sampling sites. (bold = sampling sites of genetic surveys) (drawn with grey: lowland sections of streams) Latitudes and longitudes: top (of box): 48°05'N; bottom: 47°21'N; left: 20°16'E;

Fig. 2 in Trophic organization and fish assemblage structure as disturbance indicators in headwater streams of lower Sorocaba River basin, São Paulo, Brazil

Fig. 2. Average values and confidence interval (IC95%) of individuals' density, Shannon and Margalef Indices for each treatment, structurally complex streams (TT) and simplified stream (TC).

Fig. 1 in Trophic organization and fish assemblage structure as disturbance indicators in headwater streams of lower Sorocaba River basin, São Paulo, Brazil

Fig. 1. Map of the study area showing São Paulo State within Brazil (top left panel); Sorocaba River basin (shaded) and sample region (square) within São Paulo State (bottom left panel); and elevation profile and hydrography with position of the sampled sites (circles) in the sample region (right panel).

Fig. 3 in Trophic organization and fish assemblage structure as disturbance indicators in headwater streams of lower Sorocaba River basin, São Paulo, Brazil

Fig. 3. Projections of the Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and the smallest convex hulls that contain all data of the structurally complex streams (TT1, TT2 and TT3) and simplified stream (TC) according to a) taxonomic structure and b) trophic groups.

Fig. 7 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil

Fig. 7. Spearman correlations between the distribution (percentage frequency) of guilds and scores of the first axis of the principal components analysis (PCA1) applied to the correlation matrix of abiotic variables. White circle = headwaters; gray circle = middle stretch; and black circle = mouth of the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil.

Fig. 5 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil

Fig. 5. Longitudinal niche breadth (B values) of each fish trophic guild in the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil. Aq = aquatic; ter = terrestrial.

Fig. 4 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil

Fig. 4. Mean ± standard error of diet breadth (B) of fish trophic guilds in the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil. Aq = aquatic; ter = terrestrial. Piscivores and omnivores are not included in the ANOVA.

Fig. 6 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil

Fig. 6. Density (a) and biomass (b) of trophic guilds along the longitudinal gradient of the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil. Aq = aquatic; ter = terrestrial.

Fig. 3 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil

Fig. 3. Ordination of fish species in the respective trophic guilds (a, b, c) and food items (d, e, f) along the longitudinal gradient of the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil. Circles represent species belonging to the same trophic guild. Codes according to Table 3.

Fig. 2 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil

Fig. 2. Ordination of sampling sections along the environmental gradient defined by the first two axes of the principal components analysis (PCA1 and PCA2) applied to the correlation matrix of abiotic variables of the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil.

Fig. 1 in Development of habitat suitability criteria for Neotropical stream fishes and an assessment of their transferability to streams with different conservation status

Fig. 1. Location of the study sites in the São José dos Dourados River basin, São Paulo State, Brazil (a and b). Forested sites (dark circles) are located within the greatest forest fragments and deforested (gray circles) streams lack arboreal vegetation in their riparian zone and are located in areas dominated by pasture (c).

Fig. 1 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil

Fig. 1. Location of the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil. Black circles indicate the sampling sections; arrow indicates the direction of flow.

Fig. 2 in Development of habitat suitability criteria for Neotropical stream fishes and an assessment of their transferability to streams with different conservation status

Fig. 2. Habitat suitability criteria for depth and velocity of 10 species (codes in Table 1) developed for forested streams, considering five classes of depth (D1 = 0 to 0.2 m; D2 = 0.21 to 0.30 m; D3 = 0.31 to 0.40 m; D4 = 0.41 to 0.50 m; D5> 0.51 m) and four classes of velocity (V1 => 0.0 to 0.2 m/s; V2 = 0.21 to 0.40 m/s; V3 = 0.41 to 0.60 m/s; V4> 0.61 m/s). The dotted lines indicate SI = 0.7, above which conditions were considered optimal.

Fig. 2 in Second floor, please: the fish fauna of floating litter banks in Amazonian streams and rivers

Fig. 2. Rarefaction curve (Mao Tau Index) based on the number of samples collected in floating litter banks in four river basins in the Brazilian Amazon (Copacá, Cuieiras, Preto da Eva, and Urubu rivers). (a) All floating litter banks recorded, and (b) disentangling rarefaction models for each river basin.

Fig. 1 in Second floor, please: the fish fauna of floating litter banks in Amazonian streams and rivers

Fig. 1. Floating litter banks of different dimensions and means of accumulation (i.e., diverse retention mechanisms): (a) floating litter banks retained by branches of riparian vegetation; (b) a large floating litter bank retained in a "ria lake" condition at the confluence of the Aliança Stream with the Branco River; (c) a small floating litter bank close to the margin of a 4th-order stream in the Urubu River basin; and (d) a large floating litter bank almost completely out of the water in a stream in the Urubu River basin during the dry season.

Fig. 3 in Second floor, please: the fish fauna of floating litter banks in Amazonian streams and rivers

Fig. 3. The fish fauna associated with kinon banks is dominated by species of characins (Characiformes), catfishes (Siluriformes) and electric knife fishes (Gymnotiformes). Some of the more common and abundant species in our samples were the following: (a) Elachocharax pulcher, Crenuchidae; (b) Hypopygus lepturus, Hypopomidae; (c) Batrochoglanis raninus, Pseudopimelodidae; and (d) Brachyglanis microphthalmus, Heptapteridae.

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FIGURE 1 in When roads cross streams: fish assemblage responses to fluvial fragmentation in lowland Amazonian streams

FIGURE 1 | Sampled streams location in northeastern Pará, Brazil. Circle: Igarapé Buiuna; Diamond: Igarapé Laranjal; Square: Igarapé São João; Star: Igarapé Pirapema; Triangle: Igarapé Timboteua.

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FIGURE 2 in When roads cross streams: fish assemblage responses to fluvial fragmentation in lowland Amazonian streams

FIGURE 2 | ANOVA results for environmental significant differences among stream reach groups. A. Depth; B. Water flow. D: Downstream reaches from impoundments; I: Impounded reaches; U: Upstream reaches from impoundments.

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FIGURE 3 in When roads cross streams: fish assemblage responses to fluvial fragmentation in lowland Amazonian streams

FIGURE 3 | NMDS results for fish assemblage composition in northeastern Amazonian streams. A. Taxonomic composition. Fitted variables: Dep: average depth; Mac: macrophytes; Sdiv: substrate diversity; Vis: visibility; WF: average water flow. B. Functional composition. Fitted variables: CoL: coarse litter; Dep: average depth; Mac: macrophytes; MaxT: maximum temperature; San: sand; WF: average water flow. Dot-dashed polygon: Upstream reaches (U); Dotted polygon: Downstream reaches (D); Dashed polygon: Impounded reaches (I). For species and functional groups codes, see Tab. S1.