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36 results for “Temporal partitioning”
Data from: Temporal partitioning of activity: rising and falling top-predator abundance triggers community-wide shifts in diel activity
Top predators cause avoidance behaviours in competitors and prey, which can lead to niche partitioning and facilitate coexistence. We investigate changes in partitioning of the temporal niche in a mammalian community in response to both the rapid decline in abundance of a top predator and its rapid increase, produced by two concurrent natural experiments: 1) the severe decline of the Tasmanian devil due to a transmissible cancer, and 2) the introduction of Tasmanian devils to an island, with subsequent population increase. We focus on devils, two mesopredators, and three prey species, allowing us to examine niche partitioning in the context of intra- and inter-specific competition, and predator-prey interactions. The most consistent shift in temporal activity occurred in devils themselves, which were active earlier in the night at high densities, presumably because of heightened intraspecific competition. When devils were rare, their closest competitor, the spotted-tailed quoll, increased activity in the early part of the night, resulting in increased overlap with the devil's temporal niche and suggesting release from interference competition. The invasive feral cat, another mesopredator, did not shift its temporal activity in response to either decreasing or increasing devil densities. Shifts in temporal activity of the major prey species of devils were stronger in response to rising than to falling devil densities. We infer that the costs associated with not avoiding predators when their density is rising (i.e., death) are higher than the costs of continuing to adopt avoidance behaviours as predator densities fall (i.e., loss of foraging opportunity), so rising predator densities may trigger more rapid shifts. The rapid changes in devil abundance provide a unique framework to test how the non-lethal effects of top predators affect community-wide partitioning of temporal niches, revealing that this top-predator has an important but varied influence on the diel activity of other species.
Data from: When good neighbors don't need fences: Temporal landscape partitioning among baboon social groups
Intraspecific competition is a key factor shaping space-use strategies and movement decisions inmany species, yet how and when neighbors utilize shared areas while exhibiting active avoidance of one another is largely un- known. Here, we investigated temporal landscape partitioning in a population of wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus). We used global positioning system (GPS) collars to synchronously record the hourly locations of five baboon social groups for ∼900 days, and we used behavioral, demographic, and life history data to measure factors affecting use of overlap areas. Annual home ranges of neighboring groups overlapped substantially, as predicted (baboons are considered non-territorial), but home ranges overlapped less when space use was assessed over shorter time scales. Moreover, neighboring groups were in close spatial proximity to one another on fewer days than predicted by a null model, suggesting an avoidance-based spacing pattern. At all time scales examined (monthly, biweekly, and weekly), time spent in overlap areas was greater during time periods when groups fed on evenly dispersed, low-quality foods. The percent of fertile females in social groups was negatively correlated with time spent in overlap areas only during weekly time intervals. This suggests that broad temporal changes in ecological resources are a major predictor of how intensively overlap areas are used, and groups modify these ecologically driven spacing patterns at short time scales based on female reproductive status. Together, these findings offer insight into the economics of territoriality by highlighting the dynamics of spacing patterns at differing time scales.
Data from: Temporal and spatial activity-associated energy partitioning in free-swimming sea snakes
1. Partitioning energy between critical basal functions and activity-associated behaviours is a primary determinant of animal survival. Consequently, habitat selection is likely to be driven by the efficiency with which resources can be acquired from a heterogeneous energy landscape. 2. Determining how energy partitioning is achieved across temporal and spatial scales is particularly challenging in aquatic animals due to the logistical limitations in estimating field metabolic rates (FMR) while simultaneously examining habitat choice. 3. Here, accelerometry telemetry and bimodal respirometry were used to correlate vectorial dynamic body acceleration (<i>VeDBA</i>) with oxygen consumption rates (<i>V̇o<sub>2</sub></i>) of sea snakes (<i>Hydrophis curtus</i> and <i>H. elegans</i>) across an ecologically-relevant temperature range. Subsequently, <i>VeDBA</i> of free-roaming snakes was used to estimate activity-associated FMR within a near-shore environment over diel, seasonal and spatial scales. 4. Diel changes in activity explained short-term patterns in FMR, whereas seasonal changes in water temperature drove long-term patterns. Spatial analyses demonstrated that activity-associated FMR was elevated in productive seagrass and mudflat habitats, indicative of a concentration of foraging efforts. 5. Our findings illustrate for the first time how sea snakes partition activity-associated FMR across time and space, providing an approach by which we can monitor the impacts of, and vulnerabilities to, natural and anthropogenic disturbances like warming and trawl fisheries.
Spatial and temporal resource partitioning in a mixed-species colony of avian echolocators
<p><span>Resource partitioning may facilitate the coexistence of sympatric species with similar ecological requirements. Here, we study a colony of unusual echolocating birds called swiftlets, which nest underground on an island off the coast of Singapore. The colony comprises two congeneric swiftlet species, black-nest swiftlets (<em>Aerodramus maximus</em>) and edible-nest swiftlets (<em>A</em>. <em>fuciphagus</em>), nesting at high densities and in close proximity. Bioacoustic recordings and monitoring of nesting biology at the site across multiple seasons revealed significant differences in echolocation calls as well as survival rates between the species, with the larger black-nest swiftlet nesting at locations with the highest fledging rates. We also observe an additional off-season breeding peak by the smaller species, the edible-nest swiftlet. Unexpectedly, off-season egg hatching rates were significantly higher compared to rates during the shared breeding season (mean difference = 14%). Our study on the breeding biology of these echolocating cave-dwelling birds provides an example of spatial and temporal strategies that animals employ to partition resources within a confined habitat.</span></p>
Data from: When good neighbors don’t need fences: Temporal landscape partitioning among baboon social groups
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Data from: Temporal and spatial activity-associated energy partitioning in free-swimming sea snakes
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Data from: Temporal partitioning of activity: rising and falling top-predator abundance triggers community-wide shifts in diel activity
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Data from: Temporally and spatially partitioned behaviours of spinner dolphins: implications for resilience to human disturbance
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Spatial and temporal resource partitioning in a mixed-species colony of avian echolocators
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Figure 4 from: Rohner PT, Haenni J-P, Giesen A, Busso JP, Schäfer MA, Püchel-Wieling F-W, Blanckenhorn WU (2019) Temporal niche partitioning of Swiss black scavenger flies in relation to season and substrate age (Diptera, Sepsidae). Alpine Entomology 3: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.3.28366
Figure 4 Number of individuals of seven common sepsid species as a function of dung age (in hours (h)). While S.cynipsea, flavimana and orthocnemis are disproportionally often observed on fresh dung, S.duplicata and Saltellasphondylii gain in relative abundance over time. (Note the different scaling of the y-axes; data from Püchel 1993; S.duplicata data only qualitative.)
Figure 3 from: Rohner PT, Haenni J-P, Giesen A, Busso JP, Schäfer MA, Püchel-Wieling F-W, Blanckenhorn WU (2019) Temporal niche partitioning of Swiss black scavenger flies in relation to season and substrate age (Diptera, Sepsidae). Alpine Entomology 3: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.3.28366
Figure 3 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) visualizing seasonal variation in species composition as well as differences between cattle pastures (triangles) and dung piles (circles). The smaller the distance between two samples, the greater their similarity.
Figure 2 from: Rohner PT, Haenni J-P, Giesen A, Busso JP, Schäfer MA, Püchel-Wieling F-W, Blanckenhorn WU (2019) Temporal niche partitioning of Swiss black scavenger flies in relation to season and substrate age (Diptera, Sepsidae). Alpine Entomology 3: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.3.28366
Figure 2 Seasonal patterns of species diversity, expressed by the first three Hill indices, for sepsid communities captured by sweep netting on cow pastures, dung piles or Malaise capturing in a peat bog. 0D equals species richness, 1D represents the exponential Shannon entropy (evenness) that can be interpreted as the number of typical species, while 2D resembles the reciprocal form of the Gini-Simpson Index that relates to the number of highly abundant species. We only plotted samples with 20 or more individuals (all years combined). The size of the points is proportional to the number of individuals present in the sample.
Figure 1 from: Rohner PT, Haenni J-P, Giesen A, Busso JP, Schäfer MA, Püchel-Wieling F-W, Blanckenhorn WU (2019) Temporal niche partitioning of Swiss black scavenger flies in relation to season and substrate age (Diptera, Sepsidae). Alpine Entomology 3: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.3.28366
Figure 1 Relative abundance of males of different sepsid species across the season on pastures (all years pooled). Patterns are indicated separately for high (blue) and low (green) altitude sites. Species trapped in a Malaise trap are shown in black. Point size is proportional to the total number of males contained in the respective sample.
Figure 5 in The partitioning of temporal movement patterns of breeding red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) induced by temperature
Figure 5. Relationships between the principal components (PC1 and PC2) and the moving distance among different breeding subseasons.
Figure 2 in The partitioning of temporal movement patterns of breeding red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) induced by temperature
Figure 2. Partial correlations between the moving distances and temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation. Asterisk represents the partial residuals; coefficients of the selected model are given in the bottom right corner of this figure.
Temporal and spatial niche partitioning in a retrotransposon community of the Drosophila melanogaster genome
GEO Series GSE274394. Drosophila melanogaster. 8 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing; Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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