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FIGURE 6. Antarctotetilla grandis from Terre D in Description of two new genera (Antarctotetilla, Levantiniella) and a new species of Tetillidae

FIGURE 6. Antarctotetilla grandis from Terre D'Adelie (MNHN-IP 2011 167). A. Arrows point to the conical elevations. B. Summit of a conical elevation, arrows point to the oscule. C. Pores grouped in small surface depressions. D. Transversal section.

FIGURE 10. Antarctotetilla coactifera., A in Description of two new genera (Antarctotetilla, Levantiniella) and a new species of Tetillidae

FIGURE 10. Antarctotetilla coactifera., A. syntype from Kerguelen (ZMB Por 4175). B. Surface, arrows point to the osculum. C. Pores grouped in small surface depressions (arrows). D. Transversal section.

FIGURE 5 in Description of two new genera (Antarctotetilla, Levantiniella) and a new species of Tetillidae

FIGURE 5. Spicules of Antarctotetilla leptoderma from South Georgia (CEAB.POR.BIO.500b ANT 27111). A. Terminal part of large fusiform oxeas I. B. Auxiliary secondary oxeas II. C. Medium size protriaenes II. D. Large Protriaenes I. E. Small anatriaenes II. F. Large Anatriaenes I. G. Trichodal protriaenes. H. Trichodal protriaenes and sigmaspires. I. Sigmaspires.

FIGURE 1. A in Description of two new genera (Antarctotetilla, Levantiniella) and a new species of Tetillidae

FIGURE 1. A. Map of the sampling sites of Antarctotetilla and Cinachyra in Antarctic regions: South Georgia, South Orkneys, Newmayer, Kerguelen Island and Terre D'Adelie. B. Sampling sites of Cinachyrella levantinensis individuals in Lebanese coast: Ras El Bayada, Selaata and Jounieh.

FIGURE 2. A in Description of two new genera (Antarctotetilla, Levantiniella) and a new species of Tetillidae

FIGURE 2. A. Underwater picture of Levantiniella levantinensis from the shore of Maagan Michael, Israel (courtesy of Micha Ilan, Tel Aviv University). B. Interior of L. levantinensis, arrows point to a canal. C. Transversal section of L. levantinensis (from Carella et al. 2016).

FIGURE 4 in Description of two new genera (Antarctotetilla, Levantiniella) and a new species of Tetillidae

FIGURE 4. Antarctotetilla leptoderma from South Georgia (CEAB.POR.BIO.500b ANT 27111). A. Iexternal shape: arrows point to the osculum on top. B. Detail of the surface: arrows point to the spicular tufts that protrude the conical elevations. C. Pores grouped in small surface depressions. D, E. Transversal sections. Pictures A, D, E are from Carella et al. (2016).

FIGURE 8. Antarctotetilla sagitta from Terre D in Description of two new genera (Antarctotetilla, Levantiniella) and a new species of Tetillidae

FIGURE 8. Antarctotetilla sagitta from Terre D'Adelie (MNHN-IP 2009 31). A. Arrows point to the oscules. B. Surface: arrows point to the pores clustered in sieve-like areas. C. Smooth area surrounding the osculum, arrows point to the osculum. D. Transversal section of the syntype of Tethya sagitta Lendenfeld, 1907. E. Transversal section of A.sagitta (MNHN-IP 2009 31). Pictures A, B, E are from Carella et al. (2016).

opencc-zeroOct 2018View details →

Supplementary material 2 from: Santodomingo N, Becking LE (2018) Unravelling the moons: review of the genera Paratetilla and Cinachyrella in the Indo-Pacific (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Tetillidae). ZooKeys 791: 1-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.791.27546

Figure S1. Type material of Tethyamerguiensis : Explanation note: NHMUK 1894.11.16.17, Mergui Archipelago, Myanmar. A two slide preparations of the type specimen B skeleton, showing anatriaenes and oxeas C oxea, anatriaene, and protriaene D thin microxeas and sigmaspires E sigmaspires. Scale bars: 100 μm (B, D); 50 μm (C); 20 μm (E).

FIGURE 7. Taxon Area Cladograms for A in Phylogeny and an integrated biogeography of Acanthotetilla Burton, 1959 (Demospongiae: Spirophorida: Tetillidae): two-way traffic on the peri-African track

FIGURE 7. Taxon Area Cladograms for A. Mycale immitis (Schmidt, 1870) group; B. Mycale australis (Gray, 1867) group [= M. (Grapelia) spp. sensu Van Soest et al. (2011)]; C. Thrinacophora Ridley, 1885; D. Acarnus Gray, 1867; E. Didiscus Dendy, 1922; F. Placospongia Gray, 1867; G. Rhabderemia Topsent, 1890 and H. Petromica Topsent, 1898. A–E from Van Soest & Hajdu (1997). F. from Nichols and Barnes (2005). G. from Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez (2008). H. from List-Armitage & Hooper (2002). Areas utilized in the original biogeographic analyses were transformed into Spalding et al.'s (2007) provinces (Table 4). The black circles indicate cladogenetic events separating the areas considered in the TAC-TAC comparisons performed.

FIGURE 6 in Phylogeny and an integrated biogeography of Acanthotetilla Burton, 1959 (Demospongiae: Spirophorida: Tetillidae): two-way traffic on the peri-African track

FIGURE 6. Panbiogeographic map elaborated from both the current distribution of Acanthotetilla spp. and its phylogenetic cladogram (Fig. 5) by the hand method listed in Henderson (1989), subsequently adapted by Hajdu (1995) and in the present study. Arrowheads represent the polarity of each track. Multiple arrowheads in a single track imply several polarities inferred for that track. Letters in square: C = A. celebensis, E = A. enigmatica, G = A. gorgonosclera, H = A. hemisphaerica, R = A. rocasensis, S = A. seychellensis, W = A. walteri.

FIGURE 5 in Phylogeny and an integrated biogeography of Acanthotetilla Burton, 1959 (Demospongiae: Spirophorida: Tetillidae): two-way traffic on the peri-African track

FIGURE 5. Taxon Area Cladogram (TAC) for Acanthotetilla sp. obtained by substituting each terminal taxon by the provinces of Spalding et al. (2007) where they occur. 12, Tropical Northwestern Atlantic. 14, Tropical Southwestern Atlantic. 19, Somali / Arabian. 20, Western Indian Ocean. 29, Tropical Northwestern Pacific. 30, Western Coral Triangle. Spalding et al.'s Realms are identified on the right side. Provinces listed in italics above each node are reconstructions by DIVA 1.1 (Ronquist 1996) of likely ancestral areas.

FIGURE 2 in Phylogeny and an integrated biogeography of Acanthotetilla Burton, 1959 (Demospongiae: Spirophorida: Tetillidae): two-way traffic on the peri-African track

FIGURE 2. Detail of the acanthose diactines of: A—Acanthotetilla seychellensis (RMCA 1410); B—A. rocasensis (MNRJ 6359); C—A. gorgonosclera (ZMA POR 3814); D—A. walteri (UFBA 1896); E—A. celebensis (RMNH POR. 2877); F—A. enigmatica (line art from Van Soest, 1977); G—A. hemisphaerica (line art from Van Soest, 1977); H—C. levantinensis (UFBA 3261); and I—Cinanchyrella kuekenthali (UFBA 2082).

FIGURE 4 in Phylogeny and an integrated biogeography of Acanthotetilla Burton, 1959 (Demospongiae: Spirophorida: Tetillidae): two-way traffic on the peri-African track

FIGURE 4. Most parsimonious cladogram (Nelson consensus = majority-rule consensus with other compatible groupings) for the phylogenetic relationships of Acanthotetilla spp. and outgroups. Numbers above the nodes represent apomorphic, homoplastic and (underlying-) synapomorphic character states. See text for a list of characters and their states utilized in the present analysis. This tree has 29.86 steps, CI = 0.89, HI = 0.10, RI = 0.93 RC = 0.83. Numbers underneath each node are Bootstrap Support for unweighted analyses/ Bootstrap Support for subsequently weighted analyses/ Bremer support for unweighted analyses/ Bremer support for subsequently weighted analyses/ Bayesian credibility (values between paretheses). * nodes present in the Nelson consensus but not in Bootstrap or Bremer trees.

FIGURE 1 in Phylogeny and an integrated biogeography of Acanthotetilla Burton, 1959 (Demospongiae: Spirophorida: Tetillidae): two-way traffic on the peri-African track

FIGURE 1. Perpendicular section (from center to surface) showing the skeleton of: A—Acanthotetilla gorgonosclera (ZMA POR 3814); B—A. celebensis (RMNH POR. 2877); C—A. walteri (UFBA 1896); D—A. rocasensis (MNRJ 6359); E—Cinanchyrella kuekenthali (UFBA 2082); F—C. levantinensis (MNHN-DJV 94) from Vacelet et al. (2007).

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dryad28/100

Data from: Phylogeny of Tetillidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorida) based on three molecular markers

Tetillidae are spherical to elliptical cosmopolitan demosponges. The family comprises eight genera: namely, Acanthotetilla Burton, 1959, Amphitethya Lendenfeld, 1907, Cinachyra Sollas, 1886, Cinachyrella Wilson, 1925, Craniella Schmidt, 1870, Fangophilina Schmidt, 1880, Paratetilla Dendy, 1905, and Tetilla Schmidt, 1868. These genera are characterized by few conflicting morphological characters, resulting in an ambiguity of phylogenetic relationships. The phylogeny of tetillid genera was investigated using the cox1, 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA (C1-D2 domains) genes in 88 specimens (8 genera, 28 species). Five clades were identified: (i) Cinachyrella, Paratetilla and Amphitethya species, (ii) Cinachyrella levantinensis, (iii) Tetilla, (iv) Craniella, Cinachyra and Fangophilina and (v) Acanthotetilla. Consequently, the phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of Tetilla, a genus lacking any known morphological synapomorphy. Acanthotetilla is also recovered. In contrast, within the first clade, species of the genera Paratetilla and Amphitethya were nested within Cinachyrella. Similarly, within the fourth clade, species of the genera Cinachyra and Fangophilina were nested within Craniella. As previously postulated by taxonomists, the loss of ectodermal specialization (i.e., a cortex) has occurred several times independently. Nevertheless, the presence or absence of a cortex and its features carry a phylogenetic signal. Surprisingly, the common view that assumes close relationships among sponges with porocalices (i.e., surface depressions) is refuted.

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Supplementary material 1 from: Santodomingo N, Becking LE (2018) Unravelling the moons: review of the genera Paratetilla and Cinachyrella in the Indo-Pacific (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Tetillidae). ZooKeys 791: 1-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.791.27546

Table S1. Full collection details of each sample :

Figure 8 from: Santodomingo N, Becking LE (2018) Unravelling the moons: review of the genera Paratetilla and Cinachyrella in the Indo-Pacific (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Tetillidae). ZooKeys 791: 1-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.791.27546

Figure 8 Budding and sediment capture of Cinachyrella species A Three individuals of C.porosa in Haji Buang lake, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, showing distribution of buds beyond the individuals and sediment capture B Close up of C.porosa with detail of buds. Each individual is approximately 4 cm in diameter.

Figure 7 from: Santodomingo N, Becking LE (2018) Unravelling the moons: review of the genera Paratetilla and Cinachyrella in the Indo-Pacific (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Tetillidae). ZooKeys 791: 1-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.791.27546

Figure 7 Distribution of Cinachyrellaaustraliensis. Red dot: type locality, Tethyacraniumvar.australiensis Carter, 1886, Port Phillip Heads, Southeast Australia. Green dots: Indonesian localities where the species was collected recently. Yellow triangles: Non-Indonesian localities, Seychelles Islands, Southwest Madagascar, Zanzibar, Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, Philippines, Northern Territory of Australia, and the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. Circled numbers: type localities of synonymized species 1Spirettaraphidiophora Lendenfeld, 1888, Port Jackson, Sidney, Australia 2Tetillahirsuta Dendy, 1889, Gulf of Manaar, Sri Lanka 3Tetillalindgreni Lendenfeld, 1903, Christmas Island 4Tetillapoculifera Dendy, 1905, Gulf of Manaar, Sri Lanka 5Tethyahebes, 1907, at 19° South on the NW coast of Australia 6Cinachyraisis Lendenfeld, 1907, Mermaid Strait, NW Australia 7Tetillacinachyroides Hentschel, 1911, Barrow Island, NW Australia 8Cinachyranuda Hentschel, 1912, Aru Island, Indonesia 9Cinachyravaccinata Dendy, 1922, Diego Garcia, Chagos Islands 10Cinachyraprovidentiae Dendy, 1922, Providence Island, Seychelles 11Cinachyrellaanatriaenilla Fernandez, Kelly, Bell, 2017, American Samoa.

Figure 6 from: Santodomingo N, Becking LE (2018) Unravelling the moons: review of the genera Paratetilla and Cinachyrella in the Indo-Pacific (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Tetillidae). ZooKeys 791: 1-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.791.27546

Figure 6 Cinachyrellaaustraliensis. A, C, E-H, LRMNH.POR.11139, Kakaban lake, Indonesia (left side) B, D, I-K, M holotype NHMUK 1886.12.15.367, Port Phillip Heads, Australia (right side) A In situ photograph showing porocalices B dry specimen, lateral view C skeleton showing acanthose microxeas (am) and radial bundles with oxeas D spicule montage showing acanthose microxeas (am), and oxeas (ox) E protriaene F anatriaene G Acanthose microxea, full lenght H acanthose microxea, detail I acanthose microxea, full length J acanthose microxea, detail K oxea, end detail L, M sigmaspires. Scale bars: 1 cm(B); 500 μm (C, D); 20 μm (E–G, I); 5 μm (H, J, L, M); 50 μm (K).

Figure 4 from: Santodomingo N, Becking LE (2018) Unravelling the moons: review of the genera Paratetilla and Cinachyrella in the Indo-Pacific (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Tetillidae). ZooKeys 791: 1-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.791.27546

Figure 4 Paratetillaarcifera from Indonesia RMNH.POR.11266. A in situ photograph. B preserved specimen showing the porocalices (scale bar 1 cm) C skeleton D spicules E, F oxea, end detail G, H natriaene, cladus. and rhabd end I-L anatriaene, different types M Protriaene N-Q different calthrops R thin microxea, detail S thin microxeas, full length T sigmaspires. Scale bars: 1 cm (B), 500 μm (C,D), 100 μm E,F); 40 μm (G,H); 20 μm (I–M); 200 μm (N–Q); 5 μm (R, T); 50 μm (S).