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192 results for “Thermal Response”
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization simulation
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 25 years of tussock tundra under nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization conditions.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra phosphorus fertilization simulation
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 25 years of tussock tundra under phosphorus fertilization conditions.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra shade house simulation
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 25 years of tussock tundra under shade conditions.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Undisturbed tussock tundra
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 100 years of undisturbed tussock tundra. Data is presented for day 250 of each year.
Data associated with the following publication: "Giant thermoelectric response of confined electrolytes with thermally activated charge carrier generation"
<p>Data associated with the following publication: "Giant thermoelectric response of confined electrolytes with thermally activated charge carrier generation" (DOI: <a title="" href="https://doi.org/10.48328/tudatalib-1376">https://doi.org/10.48328/tudatalib-1376</a>)</p>
Data set of a thermal response test on a planar trench collector
<p>This data set provides three different temperature measurements (PT100, fiber optic measurement, thermistors), as well as the determination of the volumetric water content and the bulk electrical conductivity of the subsurface. During the published period, a thermal response test was carried out. On April 28th, at 15:25, the fluid circulation began, and heat injection started at 15:38 on April 28th and continued until May 3rd. The test was conducted with a constant volume flow of 1.00 m³/h and a constant heat injection rate of 0.88 kW.</p>
Improvement of frequency responses of an in-plane electro-thermal cantilever sensor for real-time measurement (Data)
<p>Origin projects, figures and COMSOL simulation used for the article "Improvement of frequency responses of an in-plane electro-thermal cantilever sensor for real-time measurement", published in <em>Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering </em>on 05 Nov 2019.</p>
Raw data from: "Thermal mismatches explain consumer-resource dynamics in response to environmental warming".
<p>Data from:</p> <p>Álvarez-Codesal, S, Faillace CA, Garreau, A, Bestion, E, Synodinos, AD, & Montoya, JM. 2023. Thermal mismatches explain consumer-resource dynamics in response to environmental warming. Ecology and Evolution.<br> </p> <p>Composed of seven associated datasets:</p> <p>- Algae_Net_Photosynthesis.csv</p> <p>- Daphnia_Ingestion.csv</p> <p>- Algae_Respiration.csv</p> <p>- Daphnia_Ingestion.csv</p> <p>- Daphnia_respiration.csv</p> <p>- Interaction_Strength.csv</p> <p>- Energy_Balance_Ratios_dataset.csv</p> <p> </p> <p>A detailed explanation of the methods is provided in the related Alvarez-Codesal et al. 2023 article, please refer to it for a full understanding of the methods and results.</p> <p>Briefly: our aim was to quantify the impact of warming on consumer-resource interactions, using as consumer <em>Daphnia pulex</em>, and as resources two algae species, <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em> and <em>Desmodesmus</em> sp.</p> <p>First, we measured thermal dependencies of physiological rates related to energy gain (i.e., ingestion, net photosynthesis) and loss (i.e., respiration) for <em>Daphnia</em> and the algae in basal conditions at eight temperatures. From these, we calculated species energetic balances as net photosynthesis-to-respiration ratio (P/R<sub>r</sub>) for resources, or as ingestion-to-respiration ratio (I/R<sub>c</sub>) for consumers, using predicted values of each (per capita) rate from the models. We used energetic balances as an indicator of how species respond to increasing temperatures, defining intraspecific energetic mismatches when the energetic balance decreases.</p> <p>Second, we inferred interspecific thermal mismatches (inter-TM) by comparing individual energetic balances for both consumer-resource pairs, and identified the thermal mismatch regions, where: 1) trends of energetic balances contrast between the interacting species; and 2) both species reduce their energetic balance with increasing temperature. The inter-TMs were used to increase our qualitative understanding on the outcomes of thermal dependencies of interaction strength.</p> <p>Third, we calculated the natural logarithm of the consumer-resource energetic balance for each interacting pair as the ratio between consumer energetic balance and the resource energetic balance to get qualitative predictions on the trends of interaction strength with temperature.</p> <p>Finally, we measured experimentally thermal dependencies of interaction strength for each consumer-resource pair and verified if our predictions using the thermal mismatches fitted the trends of interaction strengths across temperatures.</p>
Enhancement of unsteady frequency responses of electro-thermal resonance MEMS cantilever sensors (Data)
<p>Origin projects and figures used for the article "Enhancement of unsteady frequency responses of electro-thermal resonance MEMS cantilever sensors", published in the proceedings of the 30th Micromechanics and Microsystems Europe Workshop; 18.08.2019 to 20.08.2019; Wolfson College, Oxford, United Kingdom.</p>
Thermal tolerance in Drosophila: repercussions for distribution, community coexistence and responses to climate change
<p>Here we combined controlled experiments and field surveys to determine if estimates of heat tolerance predict distributional ranges and phenology of different Drosophila species in southern South America. </p> <p>We contrasted thermal death time curves, which consider both magnitude and duration of the challenge to estimate heat tolerance, against the thermal range where populations are viable based on field surveys in an 8-yr longitudinal study. </p> <p>We observed a strong correspondence of the physiological limits, the thermal niche for population growth, and the geographic ranges across studied species, which suggests that the thermal biology of different species provides a common currency to understand how species will respond to warming temperatures both at a local level and throughout their distribution range. </p> <p>Our approach represents a novel analytical toolbox to anticipate how natural communities of ectothermic organisms will respond to global warming.</p>
Data for Sentis et al. Short-term thermal acclimation modulates predator functional response
<p>Data from the study Short-term thermal acclimation modulates predator functional response by Arnaud Sentis, Lukas Veselý, Marek Let, Martin Musil, Viktoriia Malinovska and Antonín Kouba. <br> The data represent the number of prey eaten for different initial prey densities, temperatures and acclimation times.<br> The first column "temperature" represents the experimental temperature.<br> The second column "acl.time" represents the duration of acclimation at each of the experimental temperature before the predation trials<br> The third column "PreyDensity" represents the initial prey density at the begining of the predation trial<br> The column "alive indiv." represents the number of prey alive at the end of the predation trial<br> The column "dead indiv." represents the number of prey dead but not eaten at the end of the predation trial<br> The column "indiv. into pieces" represents the number of dead prey with visible attack marks at the end of the predation trial<br> The column "PreyEaten" represents the number of prey eaten at the end of the predation trial<br> The column "PreyEatenNCM" represents the number of prey eaten and killed but not eaten at the end of the predation trial</p> <p>Each row represents a single observation (i.e. predation trial). <br> Predators and prey were used only once.</p>
Estimation of groundwater flow rate by an actively heated fiber optics based thermal response test in a grouted borehole
<p>The dataset contains the numerical data and the <em>in-situ</em> measurements in the manuscript titled "Estimation of groundwater flow rate by an actively heated fiber-optics-based thermal response test in a grouted borehole". The data is stored in MAT files, which are Binary MATLAB files. There are a series of codes used in this manuscript to estimate groundwater flow rates. The codes were written in MATLAB Live Script, version 2021b.</p> <ul> <li>The numerical data contains temperatures of the heating stage in different thermal response tests in a numerical model, which considers the borehole effects. The model is set up by COMSOL Multiphysics, and a series of flow rates is set to the model respectively for different thermal response tests.</li> <li>The <em>in-situ</em> measurements include temperatures of the heating stage in an actively heated fiber-optics-based thermal response test, which was performed in July 2021 in the grouted borehole, which is located in the lower section of the Sima bend of the Yangtze River. The temperature for the flow rate estimation was thinned to 120 s records from 10s records for the limited computing resources.</li> <li>The <em>data_process.mlx</em> provides pre-processing for the observational data recorded by Silixa Ultima-M MK2 DTS. The <em>estimation_process.mlx </em>gives a groundwater flow estimation case in a grouted borehole.</li> </ul>
Limited sex differences in plastic responses suggest evolutionary conservatism of thermal reaction norms: A meta-analysis in insects
<p>Temperature has a profound effect on the growth and development of ectothermic animals. However, the extent to which ecologically-driven selection pressures can adjust thermal plastic responses in growth schedules is not well understood. Comparing temperature-induced plastic responses between sexes provides a promising but underexploited approach to evaluating the evolvability of thermal reaction norms: males and females share largely the same genes and immature environments but typically experience different ecological selection pressures. We proceed from the idea that substantial sex differences in plastic responses could be interpreted as resulting from sex-specific life-history optimization, whereas similarity among the sexes should rather be seen as evidence of an essential role of physiological constraints. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of sex-specific thermal responses in insect development times, using data on 161 species with comprehensive phylogenetic and ecological coverage. As a reference for judging the magnitude of sex-specificity in thermal plasticity, we compared the magnitude of sex differences in plastic responses to temperature with those in response to diet. We show that sex-specific responses of development times to temperature variation are broadly similar. We also found no strong evidence for sex-specificity in thermal responses to depend on the magnitude or direction of sex differences in development time. Sex differences in temperature-induced plastic responses were systematically less pronounced than sex differences in responses induced by variations in larval diet. Our results point to the existence of substantial constraints on the evolvability of thermal reaction norms in insects as the most likely explanation. If confirmed, the low evolvability of thermal response is an essential aspect to consider in predicting evolutionary responses to climate warming.</p>
Data and code to accompany sugar kelp DEB thermal response manuscript
<p>Data and R code to accompany the manuscript "Improving growth models of cultivated sugar kelp (<em>Saccharina latissima</em>) by accounting for intraspecific variation in thermal tolerance" (Krasnow et al., 2024), published in the Journal of the World Aquaculture Society.</p> <p>Some material was originally created by Celeste Venolia in March 2018-December 2019 for <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109151">Venolia et al. (2020)</a>.<br><br></p> <ul> <li>cold_validation.R contains the code to validate DEB kelp model against data from Trømso, Norway</li> <li>venolia_validation.R contains the code to validate the model against the data from Rhode Island, USA, reproducing the analysis from the original paper and producing new estimates with the newly-estimated temperature parameters</li> <li>SolveR_R.R includes the function that is used to solve for the specific growth rate (r)</li> <li>KelpDEB_model.R includes the deSolve-structured function used to run the model</li> </ul> <p>Please use the most recent version (3.1) so that all data/code needed to run the analyses are present.</p>
Data from: Thermal response of freshwater ciliates: can they survive at elevated lake temperatures?
<p>The response of the single-celled ciliates to increased temperature during global warming is critical for the structure and functioning of freshwater food webs. I conducted a meta-analysis of the literature from field studies and experimental evidence to assess the parameters characterising the thermal response of freshwater ciliates. The shape of the thermal performance curve predicts the ciliates' survival at supraoptimal temperatures (i.e., the width of the thermal safety margin, TSM). The ciliates' typical TSM is ~5°C. One-third of the freshwater ciliates dwelling permanently or occasionally in the pelagial cannot survive at temperatures exceeding 30°C. Likewise, cold-stenothermic species, which represent a significant fraction of euplanktonic ciliates, cannot survive by evolutionary adaptation to rapidly warming environments. The statistical analysis revealed that the ciliates' thermal performance is affected by their planktonic lifestyle (euplanktonic versus tychoplanktonic), ability to form cysts, and nutritional ecology. Bactivorous ciliates have the widest temperature niche, and algivorous ciliates have the narrowest temperature niche. Phenotypic plasticity and genetic variation, favouring the selection of pre-adapted species in a new environment, are widespread among freshwater ciliates. However, the lack of evidence for the temperature optima and imprecisely defined tolerance limits of most species hamper the present analysis. The extent of acclimation and adaptation requires further research with more ciliate species than the few chosen thus far. Recent eco-evolutionary experimental work and modelling approaches demonstrated that the ciliates' thermal responses follow general trends predicted by the metabolic theory of ecology and mechanistic functions inherent in enzyme kinetics. The present analysis identified current knowledge gaps and avenues for future research that may serve as a model study for other biota. Thermal adaptation may conflict with adaptation to other stressors (predators, food availability, pH), making general predictions on the future role of freshwater ciliates in a warmer environment difficult, if not impossible, at the moment.</p>
Fig. 5 in Expression profile of two HSP70 chaperone proteins in response to extreme thermal acclimation in Xestia c-nigrum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Fig. 5. Xc-HSC70 mRNA expression profiles induced by cold (−7 to 5 °C) and heat (37 to 47 °C) in 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th instars and pupae of Xestia cnigrum. The relative quantities indicate the levels of the HSC70 gene transcript normalized against transcript levels of β-actin as an internal standard and compared with the transcript levels of the untreated control at 25 °C. An asterisk indicates a significant difference between the control and heat shock conditions (significant, * P <0.05). The data are denoted as the mean ± SEM (error bar).
Fig. 7 in Expression profile of two HSP70 chaperone proteins in response to extreme thermal acclimation in Xestia c-nigrum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Fig. 7. Expression levels of 2 HSP70s at different developmental stages relative to expression levels in 2nd instars at 25 °C. The data are denoted as the mean ± SEM (error bar), and the different lowercase or uppercase letters indicate a significant differenwce in the means as assessed using multi-comparison tests (P <0.05).
Fig. 4 in Expression profile of two HSP70 chaperone proteins in response to extreme thermal acclimation in Xestia c-nigrum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Fig. 4. Phylogenetic tree of Xc-HSC70 and Xc-HSP70 amino acid sequences from different species. A 3-letter code has been included to indicate the order name of the corresponding insect and vertebrate orders (COL = Coleoptera, LEP = Lepidoptera, DIP = Diptera, HYM = Hymenoptera, and VER =Vertebrata). The values indicated on the branches correspond to bootstrap percentages (BP).
Fig. 3 in Expression profile of two HSP70 chaperone proteins in response to extreme thermal acclimation in Xestia c-nigrum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Fig. 3. Schematic structure of the Xc-HSC70 gene. Exons are shown as boxes in which white boxes represent untranslated regions, whereas the black boxes are the protein-coding exons; introns are indicated as lines between the boxes. The numbers above and below the drawing represent the sizes (base pairs) of each exon and intron, respectively. The start codon (ATG) and stop codon (TAA) are also indicated. The genomic DNA sequence of Xc-HSC70 has been deposited in GenBank under accession no. KF731994.
Fig. 2 in Expression profile of two HSP70 chaperone proteins in response to extreme thermal acclimation in Xestia c-nigrum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Fig. 2. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the Xc-HSP70 gene. The signature sequences of the HSP70 family are shown in boxes, the nuclear localization signal sequence is underlined, the consensus sequence EEVD at the C-terminus is indicated in italics, and the start and stop codons are in bold. The nucleotides and amino acids are numbered along the lef and right margins. The sequence encoding Xc-HSP70 has been deposited in GenBank under accession no. HQ698836.
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