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66 results for “Thermal acclimation”
Data of the study of Maternal temperature stress modulates acclimation and thermal biology in Octopus maya (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) juvenile progeny
<p>These data shows the effects of temperature and exposure time on octopus juveniles obtained from thermal-stressed (30°C) and non-stressed (24°C) females when exposed to optimal (25°C) and high temperatures (30°C) for 20 and 30 days, respectively. Data of survival, and oxygen consumption (MR) were obtained, also in routine (RMR) and resting conditions (SMR). The high metabolic rate (HMR) was used to obtain the thermal metabolic scope (TMS) That was defined as: TMS = HMR - SMR<br> Data on the antioxidant defense enzymes and radical oxygen species (ROS) were used to evaluate if transgenerational effect of temperature provoked changes in the hability of juveniles to neutralize ROS. </p>
Genetic variation for upper thermal tolerance diminishes within and between populations with increasing acclimation temperature in Atlantic salmon
<p>Populations may counteract lasting temperature changes or recurrent extremes through plasticity or adaptation. However, it remains underexplored how outbreeding, either naturally, unintentionally, or facilitated, may modify a local response potential and whether genotype-by-environment interactions or between-trait correlations can restrict this potential. We quantified population differences and outbreeding effects, within-population genetic variation, and plasticity of these, for thermal performance proxy traits using 32 pedigreed wild, domesticated, and wild-domesticated Atlantic salmon families reared under common-garden conditions. Following exposure to ambient cold (11.6°C) or ~4- and ~8-degree warmer summer temperatures, populations differed notably for body length and critical thermal maximum (CT<sub>max</sub>) and for thermal plasticity of length, condition, and CT<sub>max</sub>, but not for haematocrit. Line-cross analysis suggested mostly additive and some dominant outbreeding effects on means and solely additive outbreeding effects on plasticity. Heritability was detected for all traits. However, with increasing acclimation temperature, differences in CT<sub>max</sub> between populations and CT<sub>max</sub> heritability diminished, and CT<sub>max</sub> breeding values re-ranked. Furthermore, CT<sub>max</sub> and body size were negatively correlated at the genetic and phenotypic levels, and there was indirect evidence for a positive correlation between growth potential and thermal performance breadth for growth. Thus, population differences (including those between wild and domesticated populations) in thermal performance and plasticity may present a genetic resource in addition to the within-population genetic variance to facilitate, or impede, thermal adaptation. However, unfavourable genotype-by-environment interactions and negative between-trait correlations may generally hamper joint evolution in response to increase in average temperature and temporary extremes.</p>
Metabolic rate increases with thermal acclimation and is associated with mitochondrial function in some tissues of threespine stickleback
<p>The metabolic rate (ṀO2) of eurythermal fishes changes in response to temperature, yet it is unclear how changes in mitochondrial function contribute to changes in ṀO2. We hypothesized that ṀO2 would increase with acclimation temperature in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in parallel with metabolic remodeling at the cellular level but that changes in metabolism in some tissues and organs, such as liver, would contribute more to changes in ṀO2 than others. Threespine stickleback were acclimated to 5, 12 and 20°C for 21 weeks. At each temperature, standard and maximum metabolic rate (SMR and MMR, respectively), and aerobic scope (AS) were quantified, along with mitochondrial respiration rates in liver, oxidative skeletal, and cardiac muscles, and the maximal activity of citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in liver, and oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles. SMR, MMR and AS increased with acclimation temperature, along with rates of mitochondrial phosphorylating respiration in all tissues. Low SMR and MMR at 5°C were associated with low or undetectable rates of mitochondrial complex II activity and a greater reliance on complex I activity in liver, oxidative skeletal muscle, and heart. SMR was positively correlated with cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity in liver and oxidative muscle but not mitochondrial proton leak, while MMR was positively correlated with CCO in liver. Overall, the results suggest that changes in ṀO2 in response to temperature are driven by changes in some aspects of mitochondrial function in some, but not all tissues of threespine stickleback.</p>
Effect of thermal acclimation on the tolerance of the peach fruit fly (Bactrocera zonata: Tephritidae) to heat and cold stress
<p>The effect of thermal acclimation on cold and heat tolerance of the peach fruit fly (<em>Bactrocera zonata</em>) was studied. Males and females were acclimated at 20, 25 and 30°C for up to 19 days following adult emergence. The critical thermal minimum (CT<sub>min</sub>) and maximum (CT<sub>max</sub>) were subsequently recorded as well adult survival following acute exposure to chilling (0 or -3°C for 2 hours). Additionally, the survival of pupae subjected for two hours to temperatures ranging from -12°C to 5°C was determined.</p> <p>The raw data collected during this study is available in the provided data file.</p>
Data from: Are acute and acclimated thermal effects on metabolic rate modulated by cell size? A comparison between diploid and triploid zebrafish larvae
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Variable influence of photosynthetic thermal acclimation on future carbon uptake in Australian wooded ecosystems under climate change
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Data from: Using metabolic theory to describe temperature and thermal acclimation effects on parasitic infection
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Acclimation of thermal tolerance in juvenile plants from three biomes is suppressed when extremes co-occur
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Supplementary data for: Effects of thermal acclimation on the proteome of the planarian Crenobia alpina from an alpine freshwater spring
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Metabolic rate increases with thermal acclimation and is associated with mitochondrial function in some tissues of threespine stickleback
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Genetic variation for upper thermal tolerance diminishes within and between populations with increasing acclimation temperature in Atlantic salmon
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Thermal acclimation of tree species in a Tropical Andean city: Exploring the role of species origin and thermal niche
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Differences in oxidative status explain variation in thermal acclimation capacity between individual mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)
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Data from: Seasonal acclimation of photosynthetic thermal tolerances in six woody tropical species along a thermal gradient
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Intraspecific variation in thermal acclimation and tolerance between populations of the winter ant, Prenolepis imparis
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Data from: Testing the thermal limits: Non-linear reaction norms drive disparate thermal acclimation responses in Drosophila melanogaster
Critical thermal limits are important ecological parameters for studying thermal biology and for modelling species' distributions under current and changing climatic conditions (including predicting the risk of extinction for species from future warming). However, estimates of the critical thermal limits are biased by the choice of assay and assay conditions, which differ among studies. Furthermore, estimates of the potential for phenotypic plasticity (thermal acclimation) to buffer against future warming are usually based on single assay conditions and (usually linear) extrapolation from a few acclimation temperatures. We produced high resolution estimates of adult acclimation capacity for upper tolerance limits at different assay conditions (ramping rates and knock-down temperatures) using CTmax (dynamic) and knock-down (static) thermal assays in the model species Drosophila melanogaster. We found the reaction norms to be highly dependent on assay conditions. We confirmed that progressively lower ramping rates or higher knock-down temperatures led to overall lower tolerance estimates. More surprisingly, extended assays (lower ramping rates or lower knock-down temperatures) also led to increasingly non-linear reaction norms for upper thermal tolerance across adult acclimation temperatures. Our results suggest that the magnitude (capacity) and direction (beneficial or detrimental) of acclimation responses are highly sensitive to assay conditions. The results offer a framework for comparison of acclimation responses between different assay conditions and a potential for explaining disparate acclimation capacity theories. We advocate cautious interpretation of acclimation capacities and careful consideration of assay conditions, which should represent realistic environmental conditions based on species' ecological niches.
Breaking Free from Thermodynamic Constraints: Thermal Acclimation and Metabolic Compensation in a freshwater zooplankton species
<p>Ectothermic organisms' respiration rates are largely controlled by environment temperatures and the ability to meet metabolic demands at high temperatures sometimes sets their upper thermal limit. Organisms are hypothesized to exhibit acclimatory effects, adjusting their metabolism and physiology by deceleration of metabolic processes including respiration below Arrhenius expectations based in temperature alone. Such deceleration is termed metabolic compensation. We test the hypothesis that either heritable (among genotypes) or plastic (between acclimation regimes) heat tolerance differences can be explained by metabolic compensation in the eurythermal freshwater zooplankton crustacean Daphnia magna. We measured oxygen consumption rates over a range of assay temperatures (5°C - 37°C) in 8 genotypes of Daphnia representing a range of previously reported genotype-specific acute heat tolerance values and, in a narrower range of temperatures (10°C - 35°C) in Daphnia with different acclimation history (either 10°C or 25°C). In a ramp-up experiment we discovered no difference in temperature-specific respiration rates between heat tolerant and heat-sensitive genotypes. In contrast, we observed compensatory differences in respiration rates at both extremes of the temperature range studied. Notably, there was a deceleration of oxygen consumption at higher temperature in the 25°C-acclimated Daphnia relative to their 10°C-acclimated counterparts, observed in active, but not anaesthetized animals, a pattern corroborated by similar changes in filtering rate and, partly, by changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. Daphnia exposed to a sublethal temperature (35°C) with a 24-hour recovery period at a 25°C-acclimation temperature showed no difference in respiration compared to unexposed 25°C-acclimated Daphnia, indicating that the reduction of respiration is not caused by irreversible damage. Response time necessary to acquire the respiratory adjustment to high temperature was much lower than to low temperature, indicating that metabolic compensation at the lower temperatures require slower structural changes.</p>
Data from: Regulation of thermal acclimation varies between generations of the short-lived mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) that developed in different environmental conditions
1. Environmental variability and perturbations can influence population persistence. It is therefore important to understand whether and how animals can compensate for environmental variability, and thereby increase resilience of natural populations. Evolutionary theory predicts that in fluctuating environments selection should favour developmental modifiers that reduce phenotypic expression of genetic variation. The expected result is that phenotypes are buffered from environmental variation across generations. 2. Our aim was to determine whether phenotypes of mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) remain stable across generations in which individuals were born into different thermal environments. We predicted that the spring generation (cool environment) would acclimate by increasing the concentration of regulatory transcription factor mRNA and activities of rate-limiting enzymes (hierarchical regulation) to compensate for the negative thermodynamic effects of lower temperatures on metabolic and locomotor performance. In contrast, the summer-born generation (warm environment) would show less capacity for acclimation and hierarchical regulation. 4. We show that fish from both generations acclimated, but that there were significant differences in the phenotypic consequences of acclimation. The overall result was that sprint performance, metabolic scope, and the activities of cyctochrome c oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase were buffered from environmental change, and did not differ between spring and summer fish at their natural water temperatures of 15oC and 25oC, respectively. However, there were differences between generations in sustained swimming performance and citrate synthase activity. 5. We used metabolic control analysis to show that modes of regulation of metabolic scope and locomotor performance differed between generations. Spring fish showed primarily hierarchical regulation, but regulation in summer fish relied to a lesser extent on rate-limiting enzymes and transcription factors. 6. We suggest that developmental modifiers are favoured in fluctuating environments to maximise phenotypic fitness of each generation. We show that the interaction between developmental and reversible acclimation can render physiological performance of a natural population independent from climate variation.
Apparent thermal acclimation of soil heterotrophic respiration mainly mediated by substrate availability
<p><span>Multiple lines of existing evidence suggest that increasing CO<sub>2</sub> emission from soils</span> <span>in response to rising temperatures could accelerate global warming. However, in experimental studies, the initial positive response of soil heterotrophic respiration (</span><span>R</span><sub><span>H</span></sub><span>) to</span><span> warming often weakens over time (referred to apparent thermal acclimation). If the</span><span> decreased </span><span>R</span><span>H</span> <span>is driven by</span><span> the thermal adaptation of soil microbial community, the potential for soil carbon (C) losses would be reduced substantially. In the meanwhile, the response could </span><span>equally be caused by substrate depletion, and would then </span><span>reflect the gradual loss of soil C.</span> <span>To address uncertainties regarding the causes of apparent thermal acclimation, we carried out </span><span>sterilization and inoculation</span><span> experiments using the soil samples from an alpine meadow with 6-years of warming and nitrogen (N) addition. We demonstrate</span><span> that substrate depletion, rather than microbial adaptation, determined the response of R<sub>H</sub> to long-term warming. Furthermore, </span><span>N addition appeared to alleviate the apparent acclimation of </span><span>R</span><sub><span>H</span></sub><span> to warming. Our study provides strong empirical support for </span><span>substrate availability being the cause of the </span><span>apparent acclimation of soil </span><span>microbial respiration to temperature. Thus, t</span><span>hese mechanistic insights</span><span> could</span><span> facilitate efforts of biogeochemical modeling to accurately project soil C stocks in the future climate.</span></p>
Data from: Embryonic developmental temperatures modulate thermal acclimation of performance curves in tadpoles of the frog Limnodynastes peronii
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