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1,138 results for “Toxin”
NMR and structure calculation data of the TccC3 toxin from Photorhabdus luminescens
<p>NMR and structure calculation data of the protein TcART (a section of TccC3 from<em> Photorhabdus luminescens</em>) as presented in the publication</p> <p>Belyy, A., Lindemann, F., Roderer, D. <em>et al.</em> Mechanism of threonine ADP-ribosylation of F-actin by a Tc toxin. <em>Nat Commun</em> <strong>13</strong>, 4202 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31836-w</p> <p>and my thesis</p> <p>"A Structural View on Mechanisms of Bacterial Communal Life and Toxicity" submitted to the Free University Berlin (<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-41725">http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-41725</a>).</p>
Efficacy and Safety of Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type A to Improve Appearance of Moderate to Severe Glabellar Lines
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02353871. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin Type A Haemagglutinin Complex Next Generation (BTX-A-HAC NG) in Glabellar Lines
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02493946. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 3. Publications: 1.
Investigating the phylogenetic history of toxin tolerance in mushroom-feeding Drosophila
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Transcription regulator ACTR contributes pathogenicity through mediating ACT toxin synthesis gene ACTS4 in Alternaria alternata
<p>Host-selective ACT toxin are critical for the pathogenesis of the citrus fungal pathogen <em>Alternaria alternata</em>. The biosynthesis of ACT toxin is mainly regulated by multiple ACT toxin genes located in the secondary metabolite gene cluster. However, the regulatory hierarchy of ACT toxin synthesis by these ACT genes have not been explored. In this study, we reported a transcription regulator <em>ACTR</em> contributes ACT toxin biosynthesis through mediating ACT toxin synthesis gene ACTS4 in <em>Alternaria alternata.</em> We generated <em>ACTR</em>-disrupted and -silenced mutants in the tangerine pathotype of <em>A. alternata.</em> Phenotype analysis showed that the <em>ACTR</em> mutants displayed a significant loss of ACT toxin production and a decreased virulence on citrus leaves whereas the vegetative growth and sporulation were not affected, indicating an essential role of <em>ACTR</em> in both ACT toxin biosynthesis and pathogenicity. To elucidate the transcription network of ACTR, we performed RNA-Seq experiments on wild-type and <em>ACTR</em> null mutant and identified genes that were differentially expressed between two genotypes. Transcriptome profiling and RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that the ACT toxin biosynthetic gene <em>ACTS4</em> is down-regulated in<em> ACTR </em>mutant<em>.</em> We generated <em>ACTS4 </em>knock-down mutant and found that the pathogenicity of <em>ACTS4</em> mutant was severely impaired. Interestingly, both <em>ACTR</em> and <em>ACTS4</em> are not involved in the response to different abiotic stresses including oxidative stress, salt stress, cell-wall disrupting regents, and Cu<sup>2+</sup>, indicating the function of these two genes is highly specific. In conclusion, our results highlight the important regulatory role of <em>ACTR</em> in ACT toxin biosynthesis through mediating ACT toxin synthesis gene ACTS4 and underline the essential role of in the tangerine pathotype of <em>A. alternata</em>.</p>
Effects of nutrient limitation on the synthesis of N-Rich phytoplankton toxins: a meta-analysis
<p class="MDPI17abstract">Eutrophication has played a major role in the worldwide increase of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Higher input of key nutrients, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), can stimulate the growth of harmful algal species in freshwater, estuarine, and coastal marine ecosystems. Some HAB-forming taxa, particularly several cyanobacteria and dinoflagellate species, are harmful through the production of N-rich toxins that have detrimental effects on the environment and human health. Here, we test how changes in nutrient availability affect N-rich toxin synthesis in cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates using a meta-analysis approach. Overall, N-rich toxin content showed an increase with P limitation, while it tended to decrease with N limitation, but we also observed substantial variation in responses both within and across genera and toxin groups. For instance, in response to N limitation, microcystin content varied from a 297% decrease up to a 273% increase, and paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin content varied from a 204% decrease to an 82% increase. Cylindrospermopsin, produced by N<sub>2</sub>-fixing cyanobacteria, showed no clear direction in response to nutrient limitation, and cellular contents of this compound may thus vary independently of nutrient fluctuations. Our results confirm earlier reported stoichiometric regulation of N-rich phytoplankton toxins, showing increased toxin content with an increase in cellular N:P ratios, and vice versa. Thus, changes in N-rich toxin content largely follow the changes in relative cellular N content. Consequently, although nutrient limitation may limit bloom biomass and thereby bloom toxicity, our results warn that P limitation can cause accumulation of cellular toxins and thus lead to unexpected increases in bloom toxicity.</p>
Occurrence data on Alternaria toxins in food
<p>Alternaria toxins are mycotoxins produced by Alternaria species that cause plant diseases on many crops. They are the principal contaminating fungi in wheat, sorghum and barley, and have also been reported to occur in oilseeds such as sunflower and rapeseed, tomato, apples, citrus fruits, olives and several other fruits and vegetables. In addition, some Alternaria toxins are genotoxic in vitro and/or fetotoxic in rats. This published dataset contains data related to years 1995, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2008 and 2009. Occurrence data were received from two Member States, which provided 11,730 occurrence results in food, and complemented with data published in the scientific literature. This data has been used for the preparation of the Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence of Alternaria toxins in feed and food adopted by EFSA in 2011.</p> <p>Several chromatography-based techniques are suitable for Alternaria toxin quantification in foods and feeds, and liquid chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry, compliant with the requirements as described by the Commission regulation No. 401/2006, has become the method of choice. In the dataset published the following analytical methods have been used: HPLC-RI; Chromatographic tests (Not Specified); HPLC-UV; Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography); LC-MS-MS (QqQ); HPLC-HG-AFS.</p>
User Guide – Dashboard on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)
<p>Frank Boelaert</p>
Data from: Nutritional challenges of feeding a mutualist: testing for a nutrient-toxin tradeoff in fungus-farming leafcutter ants
<p>The biochemical heterogeneity of food items often yields tradeoffs as each bite of food tends to contain some nutrients in surplus and others in deficit, as well as other less palatable or even toxic compounds. These multidimensional nutritional challenges are likely compounded when foraged foods are used to provision others (<i>e.g</i>. offspring or symbionts) with different physiological needs and tolerances. We explored these challenges in free-ranging colonies of leafcutter ants that navigate a diverse tropical forest to collect plant fragments they use to provision a co-evolved fungal cultivar. We tested the prediction that leafcutter farmers face provisioning tradeoffs between the nutritional quality and concentration of toxic tannins in foraged plant fragments. Chemical analyses of plant fragments sampled from the mandibles of Panamanian <i>Atta colombica </i>leafcutter ants provided little support for a nutrient-tannin foraging tradeoff. First, colonies foraged for plant fragments ranging widely in tannin concentration. Second, high tannin levels did not appear to restrict colonies from selecting plant fragments with blends of protein and carbohydrates that maximized cultivar performance when measured with <i>in vitro </i>experiments. We also tested whether tannins expand the realized nutritional niche selected by leafcutter ants into high-protein dimensions since: 1) tannins can bind proteins and reduce their accessibility during digestion, and 2) <i>in vitro</i> experiments have shown that excess protein provisioning reduces cultivar performance. Contrary to this hypothesis, the most protein-rich plant fragments did not have highest tannin levels. More generally, the approach developed here can be used to test how multidimensional interactions between nutrients and toxins shape the costs and benefits of providing care to offspring or symbionts.</p>
Substrate recognition and cryo-EM structure of the ribosome-bound TAC toxin of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
<p>Datasets for the Figures 2 and S2 of the manuscript "Substrate recognition and cryo-EM structure of the ribosome-bound TAC toxin of Mycobacterium tuberculosis".</p> <p> </p> <p>The HTML files describe the analysis and the raw counts after nEMOTE-conv treatment.</p> <p>There are 5 files for each MMEMOTExx dataset:</p> <p>EmoteBarcodesReport.csv = summary<br> UnambNegTable.csv = counts of unique cuts on the reverse strand<br> UnambPosTable.csv = counts of unique cuts on the forward strand<br> AmbPosTable.csv = counts of all cuts on the forward strand<br> AmbNegTable.csv = counts of all cuts on the reverse strand</p> <p> </p>
: Enzobiotics –A Novel Therapy For Elimination Of Uremic Toxins In Ckd Patients (EETOX Study)–Multicentric Double-Blinded Randomised Controlled Trial
<p>Supplementary file for <strong>: </strong><strong>Enzobiotics –A Novel Therapy For </strong><strong>Elimination Of Uremic Toxins In Ckd Patients (EETOX Study)–Multicentric Double-Blinded Randomised Controlled Trial</strong></p>
Figure 2 in Phytoplankton of Šasko Lake and the first record of invasive toxin- producing cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Woloszynska) Seenayya et Subba Raju, 1972 in Montenegro
Figure 2. Percentage of algal divisions in phytoplankton composition of Šasko Lake in 2016.
Figure 1 in Phytoplankton of Šasko Lake and the first record of invasive toxin- producing cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Woloszynska) Seenayya et Subba Raju, 1972 in Montenegro
Figure 1. Map of Šasko Lake (Montenegro) with marked sampling sites (1-6).
Supporting data and code for: Longitudinal Study on Shiga Toxin–producing Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni on Finnish Dairy Farms and in Raw Milk
<p>Supporting data and code for the article: "Longitudinal Study on Shiga Toxin–producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Campylobacter jejuni</em> on Finnish Dairy Farms and in Raw Milk".</p>
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa T6SS delivers a periplasmic toxin that disrupts bacterial cell morphology - 6H56
<p>VgrG2b X-ray diffraction data for PDB entry 6H56.</p> <p>=> VgrG2b_p3: Native protein, one dataset</p> <p>=> VgrG2b_SeMet: Se-Met protein, four datasets</p> <p>Data were collected at beamline I02 of Diamond Light Source on 24 Jun 2013 (VgrG2b_p3) and at beamline I04 of Diamond Light Source on 17 Apr 2014 (VgrG2b_SeMet).</p>
Dataset: Effects of dietary exposure to plant toxins on bioaccumulation, survival, and growth of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) [larval performance]
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Dataset: Effects of dietary exposure to plant toxins on bioaccumulation, survival, and growth of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) [concentrations]
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Gene induction by natural toxins in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>The transcriptional response of third instar Drosophila larvae to food laced with caffeine, pyrethrum oil or neem oil was assessed using Agilent 4x44K printed microarrays. Among the most notable responsive genes were those belonging to cytochrome P450 and Ecdysone-like kinase gene families.</p>
Data from: eDNA-stimulated cell dispersion from Caulobacter crescentus biofilms upon oxygen limitation is dependent on a toxin-antitoxin system
<p><span>In their natural environment, most bacteria preferentially live as complex surface-attached multicellular colonies called biofilms. Biofilms begin with a few cells adhering to a surface, where they multiply to form a mature colony. When conditions deteriorate, cells can leave the biofilm. This dispersion is thought to be an important process that modifies the overall biofilm architecture and that promotes colonization of new environments. In <em>Caulobacter crescentus</em> biofilms, extracellular DNA (eDNA) is released upon cell death and prevents newborn cells from joining the established biofilm. Thus, eDNA promotes the dispersal of newborn cells and the subsequent colonization of new environments. These observations suggest that eDNA is a cue for sensing detrimental environmental conditions in the biofilm. Here we show that </span><span>the toxin-antitoxin system (TAS) <em>ParDE<sub>4</sub></em> stimulates cell death in areas of a biofilm with decreased O<sub>2</sub> availability. In conditions where O<sub>2</sub> availability is low, eDNA concentration is correlated with cell death. Cell dispersal away from biofilms is decreased when <em>parDE<sub>4</sub></em> is deleted, probably due to the lower local eDNA concentration. Expression of <em>parDE<sub>4</sub></em> is positively regulated by O<sub>2</sub> and the expression of this operon is decreased in biofilms where O<sub>2</sub> availability is low. Thus, a programmed cell death mechanism using an O<sub>2</sub>-regulated TAS stimulates dispersal away from areas of a biofilm with decreased O<sub>2</sub> availability and favors colonization of a new, more hospitable environment. </span></p>
Supplementary Figures -B Cell Epitopes Mapping of the Vibrio cholera Toxins A, B, and P and an ELISA assay
<p>Figure S1- List of <em>Vibrio cholerae</em> [toxin A (P01555), B (P01556), and P (P29485)] synthetic peptides and position in the cellulose membrane of Spot synthesis.</p> <p>Figure S2- Purification of the peptide B (Vc/TxB-11) by HPLC using an XBridge BEH C18 (2.7 μ, 5 cm x 4.6 mm) column coupled to a Water HPLC system at a flow rate of 1.2 ml min<sup>-1 </sup>using mobile phases A [0.05% formic acid in water (18 MΩ × cm)] and B [(0.05% formic acid in ACN (acetonitrile acid)] (v/v) in water. Detection at 200-300 nm using a diode array.</p> <p>Figure S3- Mass spectrometry. The peptide B (Vc/TxB-11) was solubilized in deionized water to a final concentration of 10 µg/ml and then added formic acid to a final concentration of 0.1%. The mass spectrometer used was the Water UPLC model Acquity-I Class. The samples were electronically injected by the equipment at 1 µl/min. The range used for ion detection ranged from 1000-11500 m/z.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.