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Fig. 3 in The giant pliosaurid that wasn't-revising the marine reptiles from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, of Krzyżanowice, Poland

Fig. 3. The thalassochelydian turtle Craspedochelys? sp., MZ VIII Vr-71, from the Kimmeridgian of Krzyżanowice, parts of the carapace and plastron likely belonging to a single individual. A. Anterior part of the carapace and plastron (Fig. 6A: 2) in dorsal (A1) and ventral (A2) views. B. Posterior part of the carapace and plastron (Fig. 6A: 3) in dorsal (B1) and ventral (B2) views. The fragments likely belong to the same individual as the material shown in Fig. 4A–C.

Fig. 10. Isolated tooth crown ZPAL V. 69 in The giant pliosaurid that wasn't-revising the marine reptiles from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, of Krzyżanowice, Poland

Fig. 10. Isolated tooth crown ZPAL V. 69/1 ("ZPAL V-KRZ/33") from the Kimmeridgian of Krzyżanowice, pertaining to an indeterminate vertebrate, incorrectly identified as Machimosaurus sp. by Tyborowski and Błażejowski (2019a).

Fig. 6. A in The giant pliosaurid that wasn't-revising the marine reptiles from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, of Krzyżanowice, Poland

Fig. 6. A. Approximate position of the identifiable fragments of the thalassochelydian turtle Craspedochelys? sp., MZ VIII Vr-71, within the shell, in dorsal (A1) and ventral (A2) views (schematic reconstruction of Craspedochelys spp. based on Anquetin et al. 2014, 2017, and TS personal observations, modified to fit the observed morphologies). Numbers represent the elements illustrated in the text: 1, Fig. 2; 2, Fig. 3A; 3, Fig. 3B; 4, Fig. 4A; 5, Fig. 4B; 6, Fig. 4D. Fragments likely belonging to the same individual are indicated by the same colour. B–E. Anterior edges of the carapace of Plesiochelys etalloni (Pictet and Humbert, 1857), NMS 8514/NMS 118 (B) and NMS 8727/NMS 116 (C), Craspedochelys jaccardi (Pictet, 1860), NMS 101 (D), and Craspedochelys picteti (Rütimeyer, 1873), NMS 9149/NMS 608 (E); all from the Kimmeridgian of Solothurn, Switzerland. The numbers indicate marginal scutes. Note the anteriorly protruding first marginal of Plesiochelys etalloni (B, C) and straight anterior edge in Craspedochelys spp. (D, E).

Fig. 7 in The giant pliosaurid that wasn't-revising the marine reptiles from the Kimmeridgian, Upper Jurassic, of Krzyżanowice, Poland

Fig. 7. Jaw fragments of an indeterminate metriorhynchid (MZ VIII Vr-72) from an unknown locality and age, preserved on the opposite sides of a limestone block: the "premaxilla" (A1) and the "dentary" (A2) of Tyborowski and Błażejowski (2019a, b).

FIGURE 5 in A reconsideration of the palinuroid family Synaxidae (Crustacea, Decapoda), with a new member from the Upper Jurassic of southern Poland

FIGURE 5. Palinuroid evolutionary scenario proposed herein, combining data from Holthuis (1991), Haug et al. (2009), and present observations of Palaeosynaxes montserratae nov. gen., nov. sp.

FIGURE 3 in A reconsideration of the palinuroid family Synaxidae (Crustacea, Decapoda), with a new member from the Upper Jurassic of southern Poland

FIGURE 3. Distribution of synaxid achelatans over geological time, from the Late Jurassic to the present day. A, Extant Palinurellus gundlachi von Martens, 1878. B, Extant Palinurellus wienecki (De Man, 1881). C, Extant Palibythus magnificus Davie, 1990. D, Late Eocene Palinurellus bericus De Angeli and Garassino, 2014. E, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Palaeopalinurellus jbeilensis Garassino and Pasini, 2020. F, Late Jurassic (Tithonian) Palaeopalinurellus strambergensis (Bachmayer, 1959). G, Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) Palaeopalinurellus culocervus Fraaije, Van Bakel, Jagt, and Brochet, 2020.

FIGURE 4 in A reconsideration of the palinuroid family Synaxidae (Crustacea, Decapoda), with a new member from the Upper Jurassic of southern Poland

FIGURE 4. Palaeosynaxes montserratae nov. gen., nov. sp., holotype (MAB k3781), in left lateral and dorsal views, scale bar equals 5 mm.

FIGURE 2 in A reconsideration of the palinuroid family Synaxidae (Crustacea, Decapoda), with a new member from the Upper Jurassic of southern Poland

FIGURE 2. Sedimentology, palaeoecology, and presence of decapod crustaceans in the Szklarka valley outcrop (see Figure 1 after Müller et al., 2000; supplemented by Fraaije et al., 2022). The black star denotes the approximate level of provenance of the holotype of Palaeosynaxes montserratae nov. gen., nov. sp. (Figure 4).

FIGURE 1 in A reconsideration of the palinuroid family Synaxidae (Crustacea, Decapoda), with a new member from the Upper Jurassic of southern Poland

FIGURE 1. Lithostratigraphical column of Oxfordian strata in the Kraków area (southern Poland), with indication of the Szklarka valley locality (modified after Matyszkiewicz, 1996; Matyszkiewicz et al., 2012).

Fig. 4 in A morganucodontan mammaliaform from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Utah, USA

Fig. 4. Illustration of the morganucodontan mammaliaform Cifellilestes ciscoensis gen. et sp. nov. (OMNH 80538, holotype); right skull fragment in lateral (A1), medial (A2), ventral (A3), and dorsal (A4) views.

Fig. 2. 3D in A morganucodontan mammaliaform from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Utah, USA

Fig. 2. 3D surface renderings from CT data of the morganucodontan mammaliaform Cifellilestes ciscoensis gen. et sp. nov. (OMNH 69352), from the Cisco Mammal Quarry, Utah, USA, Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. A. Left skull fragment in lateral (A1), medial (A2), ventral (A3), and dorsal (A4) views. B. Dentition only in lingual (B1), occlusal (B2), and buccal (B3) views.

Fig. 1. 3D in A morganucodontan mammaliaform from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Utah, USA

Fig. 1. 3D surface renderings from CT data of the morganucodontan mammaliaform Cifellilestes ciscoensis gen. et sp. nov. (OMNH 80538, holotype), from the Cisco Mammal Quarry, Utah, USA, Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. A. Right skull fragment in lateral (A1), medial (A2), ventral (A3), and dorsal (A4) views. B. Dentition only in lingual (B1), occlusal (B2), and buccal (B3) views.

Fig. 7 in A morganucodontan mammaliaform from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Utah, USA

Fig. 7. Hypothetical molar occlusal wear facet pattern in P5–M1 of Cifellilestes ciscoensis gen. et sp. nov. (B, OMNH 69352), with illustration of a lower molar modified from Morganucodon watsoni Kühne, 1949 (A, m2, UMZC_Eo.CR.1, reversed). Corresponding colors on upper and lower teeth indicate matching wear facets. The occlusal pattern of C. ciscoensis is similar to M. watsoni in that the protoconid (also referred to as cusp a) of the lower molars occludes between the upper molar paracone (also referred to as cusp A) and cusp B, carving a prominent groove between the two cusps. This also results in contact to the next mesial tooth, due to the size of the protoconid. The paracone occludes between the protoconid and metaconid (also referred to as cusp c). Modified after Jäger et al. (2019).

Fig. 6. Comparative 3D in A morganucodontan mammaliaform from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Utah, USA

Fig. 6. Comparative 3D renderings of upper dentition of the morganucodontans Morganucodon watsoni Kühne, 1949 (A, UMZC Eo.CR.1, reversed; Lower Jurassic fissure fills, Wales, UK), Storchodon cingulatus Martin, Averianov, Jäger, Schwermann, and Wings, 2019 (B, NLMH 105654; Upper Jurassic Süntel Formation, Germany), Megazostrodon rudnerae Crompton and Jenkins, 1968 (C, NHMUK PV M 26407; Lower Jurassic Stormberg Group, Lesotho), and Cifellilestes ciscoensis gen. et sp. nov. (D, OMNH 80538, holotype; Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, USA), in lingual (A1–D1) and occlusal (A2–D2) views. White lines indicate the premolar–molar boundary (all taxa except Storchodon, which is known by only a single molar). This boundary is marked by a tall-crowned ultimate premolar with much lower flanking cusps followed by a first molar that is comparatively lower crowned with less height difference between the main cusps. Note imbrication of the molars in C. ciscoensis gen. et sp. nov. (D2) and distal molars in Mo. watsoni (A2), a feature absent in Me. rudnerae (C2).

Fig. 5 in A morganucodontan mammaliaform from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Utah, USA

Fig. 5. Illustration of crown morphology of the morganucodontan mammaliaform Cifellilestes ciscoensis gen. et sp. nov. (OMNH 80538 (holotype); right P5–M1 in occlusal view. Terms in parentheses label homologs with traditional "triconodont" cusp nomenclature (e.g., Crompton and Jenkins 1968; Rougier et al. 2007a).

Fig. 3 in A morganucodontan mammaliaform from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Utah, USA

Fig. 3. Hypothesized life position of the skull fragment (OMNH 80538) of the morganucodontan mammaliaform Cifellilestes ciscoensis gen. et sp. nov., in lateral (A1) and ventral (A2) views. Remainder of the skull based on the composite restoration of Morganucodon by Kermack et al. (1981). Artwork by Hannah Caisse.

Fig. 7 in A new caenogastropod from the upper Rhaetian of Lombardy: Palaeobiogeographical history and implications for the Early Jurassic gastropod recovery

Fig. 7. Early Jurassic palaeogeographical distribution of the Zygopleuralike species listed in Table 1. Map simplified from the late Sinemurian map of Dercourt et al. (2000). Abbreviations: 1, Zygopleura vinosimonensis; 2, Melania theodori; 3, Zygopleura subnodosa; 4,Chemnitzia tatia; 5, Chemnitzia polyplecta; 6, Chemnitzia moorei; 7, Chemnitzia veturia; 8, Chemnitzia catacyclus; 9,Chemnitzia appenninica; 10, Chemnitzia paradisi.

Fig. 3 in A new caenogastropod from the upper Rhaetian of Lombardy: Palaeobiogeographical history and implications for the Early Jurassic gastropod recovery

Fig. 3. Zygopleurid? gastropod Ederazyga fanchini gen. et sp. nov.; upper Rhaetian, Villa Edera (Lombardy, northern Italy). A. Holotype MSNVI 042/049, inner mould in apertural (A1), basal (A2), and dorsal (A3) views; external mould in general view (A4), rubber cast of the dorsal view (A5), detail of the apical spire (A6), and detail of the penultimate and last whorls (A7). B. Plaster cast replica of MSNVI 042/049a, inner mould in apertural (B1), basal (B2), and dorsal (B3) views.

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Fig. 15. Age structure d in Research history, taphonomy, and age structure of a mass accumulation of the ornithopod dinosaur Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki from the Upper Jurassic of Tanzania

Fig. 15. Age structure d(x) of Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki. A. Linear regression between histological age and distal femur width of D. lettowvorbecki (based on Hübner 2012) for estimating the age of the remaining specimens. B. Age distribution d(x) of D. lettowvorbecki from the Ig/WJ-locality showing the "total" (N = 138) and "average" (N = 131) method for estimating the number of deaths per age. C. Age distribution d(x) of D. lettowvorbecki of bonebed 3 (N = 45) and bonebed 4 (N = 52) on basis of the "total" method. D. Similar distribution based on the "average" method (bonebed 3: N = 41; bonebed 4: N = 48. E. Comparison of the age distributions d(x) (in percentage) of D. lettowvorbecki (yellow bars), the Late Cretaceous tyrannosaurid Albertosaurus sarcophagus (red solid line, based on Erickson et al. 2010), and the Early Cretaceous basal ceratopsid Psittacosaurus lujiatunensis (blue solid line, Erickson et al. 2009b). F. Comparison of the age distributions d(x) (in percentage) of D. lettowvorbecki (yellow bars) and large mammals: hypothetical attritional population (red solid line; modified after Klein 1982b), and the Miocene rhinocerotid Teleoceras proterum (red dashed line; based on Mihlbachler 2003); hypothetical catastrophic population (blue solid line; modified after Klein 1982b) and the Eocene hippomorph Mesatirhinus sp. (blue dashed line; based on Turnbull and Martill 1988).