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107 results for “Urodela”
The emergence of a cryptic lineage and cytonuclear discordance through past hybridization in the Japanese fire-bellied newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster (Amphibia: Urodela)
<p> Discrepancies in geographic variation patterns between nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are the result of the complicated differentiation processes in organisms and the key to understanding their true evolutionary process. The genetic differentiation of the northern and southern Izu lineages of the Japanese newt <em>Cynops pyrrhogaster</em> was investigated <span>through their single nucleotide polymorphism</span> variations by multiplexed ISSR genotyping by sequencing (MIG-seq). We found three genetic groups (Tohoku, N-Kanto, and S-Kanto) those not detected by mtDNA in the northern lineage. N-Kanto has intermediate genetic characteristics between Tohoku and S-Kanto. The western populations of N-Kanto are close to S-Kanto, whereas the eastern populations of N-Kanto are close to Tohoku. Tohoku, N-Kanto, and S-Kanto are now moderately isolated from each other and have unique genetic characteristics. An estimation of the evolutionary history by t<span>he </span><span>Approximate Bayesian Computation </span>approach suggested that Tohoku diverged from the common ancestor of S-Kanto and S-Izu. Then, S-Kanto and S-Izu split and the recent hybridization between Tohoku and S-Kanto gave rise to N-Kanto. The origin of N-Kanto through the hybridization is relatively young and seems to be related to changes in the distributions of Tohoku and S-Kanto as a result of the climatic oscillation in the Pleistocene. We concluded that the mitochondrial genome of S-Kanto was captured into Tohoku and the past original mitochondrial genome of Tohoku was entirely swept out from Tohoku through the hybridization. </p>
Figure 4. L. f in A new subspecies of Lyciasalamandra flavimembris (Urodela: Salamandridae) from Muğla, southwestern Turkey
Figure 4. L. f. ilgazi subsp. nov.: general view of holotype (adult male). Photo: K Olgun.
Figure 5. L. f in A new subspecies of Lyciasalamandra flavimembris (Urodela: Salamandridae) from Muğla, southwestern Turkey
Figure 5. L. f. ilgazi subsp. nov.: general view of paratype (adult female). Photo: K Olgun.
The emergence of a cryptic lineage and cytonuclear discordance through past hybridization in the Japanese fire-bellied newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster (Amphibia: Urodela)
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FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic amendments of Southeast Asian newt species of the genera Pachytriton, Paramesotriton and Laotriton (Amphibia, Urodela, Salamandridae) parasitized by water mites of the subgenus Lurchibates (Hydrachnidia, Hygrobatidae, Hygrobates)
FIGURE 1. Dorsal (A and B) and ventral (C and D) views of host newts from which the type specimens of Hygrobates salamandrarum were collected. Figure A and C show the mature male. Photos were provided by Arne Lindau. Scale shows 10mm.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of hynobiid salamander (Urodela: Hynobiidae: Pseudohynobius) from Southwestern China
FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic hypothesis of species of Pseudohynobius derived from a Bayesian analysis of cytochrome b sequence data, reproduced from Zeng et al. (2006). Numbers above branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPPs)/bootstrap proportions (BSPs), and only nodes with greater than 95 BPPs are mapped on the tree. A "X" represents a 100 BPP and a greater than 95 BSP. Pseudohynobius jinfo is referred to as P. sp. 1; P. kuankuoshuiensis is referred to as P. sp. 2.
FIGURE 2 in Redescription of an enigmatic salamander, Pseudohynobius puxiongensis (Fei et Ye, 2000) (Urodela: Hynobiidae)
FIGURE 2. Diagrammatic drawing of skull of Pseudohynobius puxiongensis (CIB-XM3323) in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views with dermal bones in white or white with black dots (in deeper zones of the skull), cartilage in gray, teeth in open circles, and gaps or holes in black, where pm=premaxillary, n=nasal, pf=prefrontal, l=lacrimal, m=maxillary, f=frontal, os=orbitosphenoid, p=parietal, po=prootic, pt=pterygoid, q=quadrate, s=squamosal, o=operculum, ex=exoccipital, v=vomer, ps=parasphenoid. Figure 2A cited from Peng et al. (2010).
FIGURE 3 in Redescription of an enigmatic salamander, Pseudohynobius puxiongensis (Fei et Ye, 2000) (Urodela: Hynobiidae)
FIGURE 3. The larva (A, CIB-XM3198), egg sac (B), a male staying by a pair of egg sacs (C), and the habitat (D) of Pseudohynobius puxiongensis.
FIGURE 1. Bayesian tree derived from cyt b in Invalidity of Hynobius yunanicus and molecular phylogeny of Hynobius salamander from continental China (Urodela, Hynobiidae)
FIGURE 1. Bayesian tree derived from cyt b data for hynobiid salamanders (sample number at the top of species name). Onychodactylus japonicus was used as outgroup. Nodal values indicate Bayesian posterior probability and bootstrap supports for ML inferences (1000 replicates). Numbers in shaded circles show samples from China.
FIGURE 6 in Two new species of Tylototriton from Thailand (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae)
FIGURE 6. The male holotype (KUHE 19147) of Tylototriton uyenoi (the Group 2 [T. shanjing Lineage 4]: A, B, G, and J), the female holotype (THNHM 2800) of T. panhai (the Group 3 [T. shanjing Lineage 6]: C, D, H, and K), and male topotype (NMNS 3682-38) of T. shanjing (T. shanjing Lineage 1: E, F, I, and L). Dorsal (A, C, and E) and ventral view (B, D, and F) of the body, left lateral view of the tail (G, H, and I), and dorsal view of the head (J, K, and L). Scale bar=20 mm in body and tail, 10 mm in head.
FIGURE 3 in Two new species of Tylototriton from Thailand (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae)
FIGURE 3. Maximum likelihood tree based on the partial ND2 gene for Tylototriton and related species (see Table 1 and Fig. 1). Numbers at the end of braches represent sample numbers shown in Table 1. Numbers above branches represent bootstrap supports for ML inference and Bayesian posterior probability (bs/bpp). Asterisks indicate nodes with bs>70 % and bpp>95 %. Scale bar=0.02 substitutions/site. (Sample No. 18 correponds to the Group 1 [T. shanjing Lineage 5], Nos. 19–24 to the Group 2 [T. shanjing Lineage 4: T. uyenoi sp. nov. described herein], and Nos. 25–27 to the Group 3 [T. shanjing Lineage 6: T. panhai sp. nov.])
FIGURE 2 in Two new species of Tylototriton from Thailand (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae)
FIGURE 2. Map showing localities of the samples of Tylototriton and Echinotriton used for molecular analyses. For locality of the sample numbers, refer to Table 1. The samples from unknown localities are shown in squares and positioned at supposed localities. (Sample No. 18 corresponds to the Group 1 [T. shanjing Lineage 5], Nos. 19–24 to the Group 2 [T. shanjing Lineage 4: T. uyenoi sp. nov. described herein], and Nos. 25–27 to the Group 3 [T. shanjing Lineage 6: T. panhai sp. nov.])
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Tylototriton from Thailand (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae)
FIGURE 1. Photos of the three groups of Tylototriton shanjing from Thailand. A: a subadult of unknown sex of Group 1 (T. shanjing Lineage 5 in molecular phylogeny: see Fig. 3) from Doi Lahnga, Chiang Rai Province; B: an adult male of Group 2 (T. shanjing Lineage 4) from Doi Inthanon, Chinag Mai Province; C: an adult female of Group 3 (T. shanjing Lineage 6) from Phu Luang, Loei Province. Tips of tails of these individuals except for the one from Doi Inthanon were used in the molecular analysis. All of these individuals were released without being deposited as voucher specimens.
FIGURE 1 in Comparative larval morphology in three species of Pleurodeles (Urodela: Salamandridae)
FIGURE 1. Map showing the study region. The shaded regions show the distribution of the species according to the IUCN (2016) and Raffaëlli (2013). The white circles indicated the locations where specimens were collected. Pleurodeles nebulosus (orange); Pleurodeles poireti (green); Pleurodeles waltl, eastern clade (red); Pleurodeles waltl, western clade (blue).
FIGURE 3 in Comparative larval morphology in three species of Pleurodeles (Urodela: Salamandridae)
FIGURE 3. Principal component analysis ordination plot showing the relative positions of the species in the RGB colour space. The points represent each of the 100 cells generated per specimen. (A. PNE) Pleurodeles nebulosus; (B. PPO) Pleurodeles poireti; (C. PWE) Pleurodeles waltl, eastern clade; (D. PWW) Pleurodeles waltl, western clade.
FIGURE 2 in Comparative larval morphology in three species of Pleurodeles (Urodela: Salamandridae)
FIGURE 2. Phenotypic variability of Pleurodeles larvae. Pleurodeles nebulosus: (1) Jendouba (NW Tunisia); (2) Jendouba (NW Tunisia); (3) Jijel (NE Algeria); (4) Nabeul (NE Tunisia). Pleurodeles poireti: (1) Annaba (Algeria); (2) Skikda (Algeria). (3) dorsal view of specimen (1); (4) stage 55c, prior to metamorphosis, Annaba (Algeria). Pleurodeles waltl: (1) Ouezzane (NW Morocco); (2) Mohammédia (W Morocco); (3) Kenitra (W Morocco); (4) Madrid (Spain).
FIGURE 4 in Morphological differentiation in giant salamanders, Andrias japonicus, A. davidianus, and their hybrids (Urodela, Cryptobranchidae), and its taxonomic implications
FIGURE 4. The typical color pattern of the two species of giant salamanders and their hybrid. Andrias japonicus (upper), A. davidianus (middle), and first filial hybrid individual (lower).
FIGURE 3 in Morphological differentiation in giant salamanders, Andrias japonicus, A. davidianus, and their hybrids (Urodela, Cryptobranchidae), and its taxonomic implications
FIGURE 3. Box plots of ratio of HW to SVL (A), ratio of VTW to SVL (B), and ratio of TAL to SVL (C) of Andrias japonicus (JM, males; JF, females), A. davidianus (DM, males; DF, females), and their hybrids (HM, males; HF, females). (* P <0.05; ** P <0.01; *** P <0.001; ns, P ≥ 0.05).
FIGURE 2 in Morphological differentiation in giant salamanders, Andrias japonicus, A. davidianus, and their hybrids (Urodela, Cryptobranchidae), and its taxonomic implications
FIGURE 2. Scatter plots of CAN1 and CAN2 (A), and box plots of CAN1(B) of Andrias japonicus (JM, males; JF, females), A. davidianus (DM, males; DF, females), and their hybrids (HM, males; HF, females). In scatter plots (A), circles show plots of A. japonicus, diamonds show A. davidianus, and triangles show hybrids; closed symbols show males and open symbols show females. (* P <0.05; ** P <0.01; *** P <0.001; ns, P ≥ 0.05).
FIGURE 1 in Morphological differentiation in giant salamanders, Andrias japonicus, A. davidianus, and their hybrids (Urodela, Cryptobranchidae), and its taxonomic implications
FIGURE 1. Morphological character dimensions. (A) Ventral view of the whole specimen; (B) dorsal view of the head; (C) left lateral view of the head; (D) palatal view of the upper jaw; (E) dorsal view of the left hand; (F) dorsal view of the left foot; (G) left lateral view of the tail; (H) dorsal view of the head showing tubercles; (I) ventral view of the head showing tubercles. Roman numerals indicate digit numbers.
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