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45 results for “Vector-borne”
Data from: Local context drives infection of grasses by vector-borne generalist viruses
Host characteristics commonly determine infection risk, but infection can also be mediated by regional- or local-scale variation in the biotic and abiotic environment. Experiments can clarify the relative importance of these factors. We quantified drivers of infection by barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses (B/CYDV), a group of generalist, vector-borne grass pathogens, at hierarchically nested spatial scales (105–1 m) by planting individuals of six common grass species into five Pacific Coast grassland sites spanning 7° of latitude (> 5000 total hosts) and applying a factorial combination of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. Infection differed most among experimental blocks (102–103 m scale), suggesting that local factors control infection risk; infection increased with cover of long-lived hosts and phosphorus, but not nitrogen, fertilization. For B/CYDV, local context more strongly predicts infection risk than host species traits or regional context; such spatially nested experiments can clarify the factors underlying variation in infection risk.
Data from: Disentangling the drivers of invasion spread in a vector-borne tree disease
1. Pine wilt disease (PWD) invaded southern Japan in the early 1900's and has gradually expanded its range to northern Honshu (Japanese mainland). The disease is caused by a pathogenic North American nematode, which is transmitted by native pine sawyer beetles. Recently the disease has invaded other portions of East Asia and Europe where extensive mortality of host pines is anticipated to resemble historical patterns seen in Japan. 2. There is a critical need to identify the main drivers of PWD invasion spread so as to predict future spread and evaluate containment strategies in newly invaded world regions. But the coupling of pathogen and vector population dynamics introduces considerable complexity that is important for understanding this and other plant disease invasions. 3. In this study, we analysed historical (1980-2011) records of PWD infection and vector abundance, which were spatially extensive but recorded at coarse categorical levels (none, low and high) across 403 municipalities in northern Honshu. We employed a multistate occupancy model that accounted both for demographic stochasticity and observation errors in categorical data. 4. Analysis revealed that sparse sawyer populations had lower probabilities of transition to high abundance than did more abundant populations even when regional abundance stayed the same, suggesting the existence of positive density dependence, i.e. an Allee effect, in sawyer dynamics. Climatic conditions (average accumulated degree days) substantially limited invasion spread in northern regions, but this climatic influence on sawyer dynamics was generally weaker than the Allee effect. 5. Our results suggest that tactics (e.g., sanitation logging of infected pines) which strengthen Allee effects in sawyer dynamics may be effective strategies for slowing the spread of PWD.
Sequencing data and taxonomic assignments from: Biodiversity and vector-borne diseases: host dilution and vector amplification occur simultaneously for Amazonian leishmaniases
<p>This is the sequencing data used in the paper:<strong> "</strong>Biodiversity and vector-borne diseases: host dilution and vector amplification occur simultaneously for Amazonian leishmaniases" by Kocher et al. The study aims at assessing the effects of biodiversity changes on Leishmania transmission using molecular analyses of sand fly pools and blood-fed dipterans. The data is split in three files corresponding to the PCR amplicons used in the study (Ins16S for insect identifications, 12SV5 for vertebrate identifications and leishmini for Leishmania identifications). Each file combines output from different Illumina Miseq and Hiseq runs, after read demultiplexing and adapter trimming, dereplication and removal of reads present in less than 10 copies (but before further read filtering). The data is presented in tabular format (similar to the output of the obitab command from the obitools package), together with information on the corresponging sample, sequencing run, and taxonomic assignments (performed with ecotag from the obitools).</p>
Outputs from Vector-borne diseases and climate change (VECLIMIT)- project
<p>Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) pose a significant global public health threat, influenced by intricate interactions between hosts, vectors, pathogens, and the environment. In northern Europe the climate is warming at over twice the rate of the global average, affecting ecosystems and their biota, and consequently drivers of VBD circulation and epidemiology. By integrating long-term disease incidence data, metagenomic analyses, empirical field studies, high-resolution climate data, and predictive spatiotemporal modelling, we approached to set baselines and to understand the main climate-dependencies of the drivers of the complex dynamics governing transmission and distribution of main VBDs in Finland. In addition, by mapping the knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Finnish residents related to VBDs in a changing climate to further understand the possible gaps and misunderstandings associated with VBDs that may hinder the uptake of protective measures. </p>
ROS and SGI data for manuscript "The perception and evolution of flagellin, cold shock protein, and elongation factor Tu from vector-borne bacterial plant pathogens"
<p>This contains raw data for the ROS and seedling growth inhibition (SGI) assays collected for the manuscript "The perception and evolution of flagellin, cold shock protein, and elongation factor Tu from vector-borne bacterial plant pathogens". For a quick reference, there are two spreadsheets listing all the Max RLUs and Z-scores for the experiments, but the actual output of each plate reader is also included. </p>
Prevalence of vector-borne pathogens in reproductive and non-reproductive tissue samples from free-roaming domestic cats in the South Atlantic USA
<p>Reservoir to multiple species of zoonotic pathogens, free-roaming cats (FRCs) interact with domestic and wild animals, vectors, and humans. To assess the potential for feline vector-borne pathogens to be vertically transmitted, this study surveyed eartip and reproductive tissues of FRCs from two locations in the South Atlantic United States for Anaplasma, Bartonella, Ehrlichia, hemotropic Mycoplasma, and Rickettsia species. We collected ovary (n = 72), uterus (n = 54), testicle (n = 74), and eartip (n = 73) tissue from 73 cats, and fetal (n = 20) and placental (n = 19) tissue from 11 queens. Pathogen DNA was amplified utilizing qPCR, confirmed by sequencing. Cats were more frequently Bartonella henselae positive on reproductive tissues (19%, 14/73) than ear tip (5%, 4/73; p = 0.02). B. henselae was amplified from fetus (20%, 4/20) and placenta samples (11%, 2/19). Bartonella spp. infection was more common in cats from North Carolina (76%, 26/34) than Virginia (13%, 5/39; p &lt; 0.0001). Fourteen percent (10/73) of both ear tip and reproductive tissues were positive for hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Rickettsia spp. DNA was not amplified from any cat/tissue. These findings suggest that B. henselae preferentially infected cats' reproductive tissue and reinforces the importance of investigating the potential for B. henselae vertical transmission or induction of reproductive failure.</p>
Field Evaluations of Innovative Tools for Vector-borne Disease Control in Conflict-affected Communities
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06179732. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Investigating Vector-Borne Determinants of Aedes Transmitted Arboviral Infections in Cambodia: An Observational Longitudinal Cohort Study in Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03534245. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
Enhancing Protection Against Vector-borne Diseases in Forcibly Displaced Communities: Evaluating the Efficacy of Spatial Repellents for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Control in North-East Syria
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06917040. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Local context drives infection of grasses by vector-borne generalist viruses
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Sequencing data and taxonomic assignments from: Biodiversity and vector-borne diseases: host dilution and vector amplification occur simultaneously for Amazonian leishmaniases
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Data from: Disentangling the drivers of invasion spread in a vector-borne tree disease
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Data from: Range-wide ecological niche comparisons of parasite, hosts and dispersers in a vector-borne plant parasite system
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Data from: Crop-dominated landscapes have higher vector-borne plant virus prevalence
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Data from: Population structure of a vector-borne plant parasite
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Prevalence of vector-borne pathogens in reproductive and non-reproductive tissue samples from free-roaming domestic cats in the South Atlantic USA
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Data from: Host social behavior decreases exposure to vector-borne disease: a field experiment in a "hotspot" of West Nile virus transmission
Animals can decrease their individual risk of predation by forming groups. The encounter-dilution hypothesis extends the potential benefits of gregariousness to biting insects and vector-borne disease by predicting that the per capita number of insect bites should decrease within larger host groups. Although vector-borne diseases are common and can exert strong selective pressures on hosts, there have been few tests of the encounter-dilution effect in natural systems. We conducted an experimental test of the encounter-dilution hypothesis using the American robin (Turdus migratorius), a common host species for the West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne pathogen. By using sentinel hosts (house sparrows, Passer domesticus) caged in naturally occurring communal roosts in the suburbs of Chicago, we assessed sentinel host risk of WNV exposure inside and outside of roosts. We also estimated per capita host exposure to infected vectors inside roosts and outside of roosts. Sentinel birds caged inside roosts seroconverted to WNV more slowly than those outside of roosts, suggesting that social groups decrease per capita exposure to infected mosquitoes. These results therefore support the encounter-dilution hypothesis in a vector-borne disease system. Our results suggest that disease-related selective pressures on sociality may depend on the mode of disease transmission.
Fig. 4 in Differences in infection patterns of vector-borne blood-stage parasites of sympatric Malagasy primate species (Microcebus murinus, M. ravelobensis)
Fig. 4. Microfilaremia of individual mouse lemurs over time (points: M. murinus, triangles: M. ravelobensis).
Fig. 2 in Differences in infection patterns of vector-borne blood-stage parasites of sympatric Malagasy primate species (Microcebus murinus, M. ravelobensis)
Fig. 2. Microfilaria length across the different sampling months. Different small letters above the box plots indicate statistical differences (P <0.05) in microfilaria length between sampling months.
Fig. 1. Filarial nematodes from a M in Differences in infection patterns of vector-borne blood-stage parasites of sympatric Malagasy primate species (Microcebus murinus, M. ravelobensis)
Fig. 1. Filarial nematodes from a M. murinus host: (A) Adult male filarial nematode specimen in situ, (B) anterior end of the adult specimen, (C) anterior region with nerve ring, (D) intermediate section and posterior end of the adult specimen and (E) microfilaria in a blood smear.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.