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66 results for “Vertebrata”
Figure 8 in The anatomy of the thyroid gland among "fishes": phylogenetic implications for the Vertebrata
Figure 8. - Close-up of the thyroid gland of an angler, Lophius piscatorius (Lophiidae); right lateral view. The thyroid is embedded in a blood sinus, pattern 5. The black arrow indicates the anterior part of the specimen. ly.v = lymphatic vessels; th.a = thyroidian artery; th.s = thyroidian sinus. Modified from Chanet et al., 2013. Scale bar = 3 mm.
Figure 1 in The anatomy of the thyroid gland among "fishes": phylogenetic implications for the Vertebrata
Figure 1. - Sagittal section of a frozen small-spotted catshark, Scyliorhinus canicula (Scyliorhinidae); left lateral view. The black arrow indicates the anterior part of the specimen. The thyroid gland is compact, pattern 1. Modified from Chanet et al., 2009a. br = brain; cart.pe = cartilaginous pericardium; chc = chondrocranium; el.br.sk = elements of the branchial skeleton; m = mouth; olf.cap = olfactive capsule; th = thyroid; v = ventricle. Scale bar = 10 mm. Figure 2. - Sagittal section of a frozen common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae); right lateral view. The black arrow indicates the anterior part of the specimen. Several thyroidian islets are seen; the thyroid is diffuse, pattern 2. ant.ch.gs.bl = anterior chamber of the gas bladder; at = atrium; b.c = buccal cavity; bl.v = blood vessels; br = brain; l = liver; th.i = thyroid islets; v = ventricle; v.ao = ventral aorta. Scale bar =10 mm. Figure 3. - Dissection of the bucco-branchial region of a common sole, Solea solea (Soleidae); right lateral view. The black arrow indicates the anterior part of the specimen. Several thyroidian islets are seen; the thyroid is diffuse, pattern 2. Modified from Chanet, 2011. b.c = buccal cavity; g = gills; th.i = thyroid islets; u = urohyal. Scale bar = 10 mm.
Figure 4 in The anatomy of the thyroid gland among "fishes": phylogenetic implications for the Vertebrata
Figure 4. - Diagram of the anterior part of a platyfish, Xiphophorus sp. (Poecillidae), showing the distribution of thyroid islets: white circles indicate the ones in normal position while black circles indicate the ones in ectopic position, pattern 3. Modified from Baker et al., 1955. The black arrow indicates the anterior part. br = brain; ceph.k = cephalic kidney; cho = choroid; c.art = conus arteriosus; v = ventricle; v.ao = ventral aorta.
Figure 5 in The anatomy of the thyroid gland among "fishes": phylogenetic implications for the Vertebrata
Figure 5. - Section in the branchial region of a longsnout seahorse, Hippocampus reidi (Syngnathidae). The thyroid is diffuse, pattern 2. c = colloid; m = muscles; th.i = thyroidian islet; v = vein. Histological preparation by Dr D. Adriens. Scale bar = 100 µm. Figure 6. - Sagittal section of the buccal region of a cobia, Rachycentron canadum (Rachycentridae). The thyroid is composed of gathered lobes, pattern 4. b.c = buccal cavity; cart = cartilage; m = muscles; th.f = thyroidian follicle; th.l = thyroidian lobe; v.ao = ventral aorta. Histological preparation by Dr T. Passos de Andrade. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Figure 7 in The anatomy of the thyroid gland among "fishes": phylogenetic implications for the Vertebrata
Figure 7. - Diagram of the anatomy of the thyroid gland of a yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares (Scombridae); ventral view. The thyroid is composed of gathered lobes, pattern 4. The black arrow indicates the anterior part. a.br.a = afferent branchial artery; th.l = thyroidian lobe; v.ao = ventral aorta. Modified from Honma, 1957. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Extinct vertebrata from the Judith River and Great Lignite formations of Nebraska..
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Extinct vertebrata from the Judith River and Great Lignite formations of Nebraska.". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/6b3928ce-b7c6-42a2-ab24-995c30a122cc">https://bionomia.net/dataset/6b3928ce-b7c6-42a2-ab24-995c30a122cc</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/6b3928ce-b7c6-42a2-ab24-995c30a122cc">https://gbif.org/dataset/6b3928ce-b7c6-42a2-ab24-995c30a122cc</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
FIG. 3. — Woodfjordaspis felixi n. gen., n in Un nouveau ptéraspidiforme (Vertebrata, Heterostraci) du Dévonien inférieur du Spitsberg: nouvelles données paléo-ontogéniques
FIG. 3. — Woodfjordaspis felixi n. gen., n. sp., Formation de Wood Bay, Membre du Dicksonfjord, Dévonien inférieur, Woodfjord, Spitsberg, détail d'une vue interne d'un disque ventral montrant les trois principales zones du disque: I, zone centrale avec absence de couche cancellaire moyenne et impression des rides de l'ornementation sur la couche basale; II, zone moyenne où apparaît progressivement la couche médiane; III, dernière zone où les trois couches caractéristiques des ptéraspidiformes sont présentes. Holotype, MNHN-SVD 1527a. Localité BIV. Échelle: 5 mm.
FIG. 7. — Spitsbergaspis prima n. gen., n in Un nouveau genre de Pteraspidiformes (Vertebrata, Heterostraci) de la Formation de Wood Bay (Dévonien inférieur, Spitsberg)
FIG. 7. — Spitsbergaspis prima n. gen., n. sp., Formation de Wood Bay, Dévonien inférieur, Spitsberg; A, reconstruction du bouclier dorsal; B, reconstruction du bouclier ventral. Abréviations: bp, plaque branchiale; dd, disque dorsal; op, plaque orbitaire; orp, plaque orogoniale; pp, plaque pinéale; rl, lamelle récurrente; rp, plaque rostrale; vd, disque ventral. Échelles: 10 mm.
FIG. 5. — Spitsbergaspis prima n. gen., n in Un nouveau genre de Pteraspidiformes (Vertebrata, Heterostraci) de la Formation de Wood Bay (Dévonien inférieur, Spitsberg)
FIG. 5. — Spitsbergaspis prima n. gen., n. sp., Formation de Wood Bay, Dévonien inférieur, Spitsberg; A, plaque rostrale avec vue des pores du système sensoriel (MNHN, SVD 967); B, lamelle récurrente de la plaque rostrale (MNHN, SVD 967); C, disque dorsal incomplet avec le détail des canaux du système sensoriel (MNHN, SVD 777); D, plaque orogoniale avec vue des pores du système sensoriel (MNHN, SVD 753); E, partie postérieure du disque dorsal avec le détail des canaux du système sensoriel (MNHN, SVD 731). Abréviations: lpc, canal latéral principal; mdc, canal médiodorsal; soc, canal supra-orbitaire; tc, commissure transversale; vlc, canal ventral latéral. Échelles: A-C, E, 10 mm; D, 5 mm.
FIG. 4. — Spitsbergaspis prima n. gen., n in Un nouveau genre de Pteraspidiformes (Vertebrata, Heterostraci) de la Formation de Wood Bay (Dévonien inférieur, Spitsberg)
FIG. 4. — Spitsbergaspis prima n. gen., n. sp., Formation de Wood Bay, Dévonien inférieur, Spitsberg; A, détail de l'ornementation d'un demi-disque dorsal, holotype (MNHN, SVD 970), partie avant droite; B, détail de l'ornementation du bord externe de la lamelle ventrale de la plaque branchiale (MNHN, SVD 736). Échelles: 5 mm.
FIG. 3. — Spitsbergaspis prima n. gen., n in Un nouveau genre de Pteraspidiformes (Vertebrata, Heterostraci) de la Formation de Wood Bay (Dévonien inférieur, Spitsberg)
FIG. 3. — Spitsbergaspis prima n. gen., n. sp., Formation de Wood Bay, Dévonien inférieur, Spitsberg; A, plaque orogoniale (ou postorale latérale) incomplète en vue dorsale (MNHN, SVD 753); B, disque ventral en vue ventrale (MNHN, SVD 717); C, plaque branchiale en vue ventrale (MNHN, SVD 728). Échelles: 10 mm.
FIG. 2. — Spitsbergaspis prima n. gen., n in Un nouveau genre de Pteraspidiformes (Vertebrata, Heterostraci) de la Formation de Wood Bay (Dévonien inférieur, Spitsberg)
FIG. 2. — Spitsbergaspis prima n. gen., n. sp., Formation de Wood Bay, Dévonien inférieur, Spitsberg; A, plaque rostrale en vue dorsale (MNHN, SVD 967); B, lamelle récurrente de la plaque rostrale (MNHN, SVD 967); C, plaque pinéale incomplète en vue dorsale (MNHN, SVD 754); D, disque dorsal complet en vue ventrale (MNHN, SVD 729); E, disque dorsal incomplet en vue dorsale, holotype (MNHN, SVD 970), partie avant; F, plaque orbitaire en vue dorsale (MNHN, SVD 968). Abréviation: mdc, canal médiodorsal. Échelles: 10 mm.
Fig. 6 in Middle Ordovician Drepanoistodus (Vertebrata, Conodonta) from Baltica, with description of three new species
Fig. 6. Light microscopy photographs of selected geniculate elements of species of Drepanoistodus, as outlined herein, from the Lynna River section, Russia. A–D. Drepanoistodus basiovalis (Sergeeva, 1963). A. LO 12476t, inner view, sample LY12-16, L. variabilis Zone. B. Same specimen as A in outer view. C. LO 12477t, inner view, sample LY12-9,L. antivariabilis Zone. D. LO 12478t, inner view, sample LY12-21b, L. variabilis Zone. E–H. Drepanoistodus iommii sp. nov. E. LO 12479T, holotype, inner view, sample LY12-16, L. variabilis Zone. F. Same specimen as E in outer view. G. LO 12480t, inner view, sample LY12-21b, L. variabilis Zone. H. LO 12481t, inner view, sample LY12-3, L. antivariabilis Zone. I–L. Drepanoistodus svendi sp. nov. I. LO 12482t, inner view, sample LY12-13, L. variabilis Zone. J–K. LO 12483T, holotype, inner and outer view, respectively, sample LY12-14, L. variabilis
Fig. 4 in Middle Ordovician Drepanoistodus (Vertebrata, Conodonta) from Baltica, with description of three new species
Fig. 4. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) biplot based on the correlation coefficient showing the position of conodont specimens (abbreviated names, see Table 1) and morphological characters/variables. The latter is represented by blue vector lines (see Table 2), the direction and length of which mark the relative importance of the various characters/variables. Each coloured field marks the position of a selected species grouping. Whereas 18.4% of the total variance is visible along the PC 1 axis, 16.1% is seen along the PC 2 axis. See main text for further explanation on the analyses performed, and consult Table 1 for data on sample numbers.
Fig. 3 in Middle Ordovician Drepanoistodus (Vertebrata, Conodonta) from Baltica, with description of three new species
Fig. 3. Geniculate Drepanoistodus basiovalis (Sergeeva, 1963) element demonstrating the essential morphological characteristics utilized in the present study. Two characters were measured quantitatively: Angle A between the median line (usually carina) of the cusp and the lower margin of the keel situated on the upper margin of the cusp (A); and the b/c ratio, which is the ratio between the length of the upper margin of the base (b) and the length of the free cusp (c).
Fig. 2 in Middle Ordovician Drepanoistodus (Vertebrata, Conodonta) from Baltica, with description of three new species
Fig. 2. The Middle Ordovician stratigraphy of the St. Petersburg region with Baltoscandian and global stratigraphy for comparison (modified from Lindskog et al. 2020, and references therein; additions after Pärnaste et al. 2013; Bauert et al. 2014; Gradstein et al. 2020). The pink area indicates the approximate stratigraphic range of the outcrop at the Lynna River, with ranges of selected Drepanoistodus species indicated. For more detailed information on the local conodont biostratigraphy and ranges of individual species, see Lindskog et al. (2020: fig. 6).
Fig. 1. A in Middle Ordovician Drepanoistodus (Vertebrata, Conodonta) from Baltica, with description of three new species
Fig. 1. A. Map of the St. Petersburg region, Russia, with the distribution of rocks. The red rectangle shows the outline of the map area enlarged in B. B. Map of the Lynna River study locality and its surroundings. Figure modified from Lindskog et al. (2020, and references therein).
Categorical versus geometric morphometric approaches to characterising the evolution of morphological disparity in Osteostraci (Vertebrata, stem-Gnathostomata)
Morphological variation (disparity) is almost invariably characterised by two non-mutually exclusive approaches: (i) quantitatively, through geometric morphometrics, and (ii) in terms of discrete, 'cladistic', or categorical characters. Uncertainty over the comparability of these approaches diminishes the potential to obtain nomothetic insights into the evolution of morphological disparity and the few benchmarking studies conducted so far show contrasting results. Here, we apply both approaches to characterising morphology in the stem-gnathostome clade Osteostraci in order to assess congruence between these alternative methods as well as to explore the evolutionary patterns of the group in terms of temporal disparity and the influence of phylogenetic relationships and habitat on morphospace occupation. Our results suggest that both approaches yield similar results in morphospace occupation and clustering, but also some differences indicating that these metrics may capture different aspects of morphology. Phylomorphospaces reveal convergence towards a generalised 'horseshoe'-shaped cranial morphology and two strong trends involving major groups of osteostracans (benneviaspidids and thyestiids), which probably reflect adaptations to different lifestyles. Temporal patterns of disparity obtained from categorical and morphometric approaches appear congruent, however disparity maxima are recorded at very different times in the evolutionary history of the group when increasing the number of taxa and characters in the categorical dataset. The results of our analyses indicate that categorical and continuous datasets may characterize different patterns of morphological disparity and that discrepancies could reflect preservational limitations of morphometric data and differences in the potential of each data type for characterizing more or less inclusive aspects of overall phenotype.
1—7. Thespesius occidentalis. 8-17 in Extinct vertebrata from the Judith River and Great Lignite formations of Nebraska.
1—7. Thespesius occidentalis. 8-17 Ischyrotherium antiquum.
Categorical versus geometric morphometric approaches to characterising the evolution of morphological disparity in Osteostraci (Vertebrata, stem-Gnathostomata)
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