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186 results for “Willow”
Gas exchange, dieback, leaf water potential and chlorophyll content during a greenhouse drought experiment: An evolutionary perspective on functional diversity in co-occuring willow(salix) species
Thirteen willow (Salix) species occur in southeastern Minnesota and often co-occur within the same wetlands. This high local diversity is challenging to explain since closely related species are often functionally similar and density-dependent interactions such as competition and susceptibility to pests and pathogens should limit their co-occurrence. However, if willow species are partitioning resources, or if they are phylogenetically structured so that closely related species rarely co-occur, then the impact of these density-dependent processes could be reduced. In this study, I examined the role of niche partitioning in maintaining local willow diversity by comparing species physiology in a greenhouse.
Data from: Effect of tower base painting on willow ptarmigan collision rates with wind turbines
<p>1. Birds colliding with turbine rotor blades is a well-known negative consequence of wind-power plants. However, there has been far less attention to the risk of birds colliding with the turbine towers, and how to mitigate this risk. 2. Based on data from the Smøla wind-power plant in Central Norway, it seems highly likely that willow ptarmigan (the only gallinaceous species found on the island) is prone to collide with turbine towers. By employing a BACI-approach, we tested if painting the lower parts of turbine towers black would reduce the collision risk. 3. Overall, there was a 48% reduction in the number of recorded ptarmigan carcasses per search at painted turbines relative to neighbouring control (unpainted) ones, with significant variation both within and between years. 4. Using contrast painting to the turbine towers resulted in significantly reduced number of ptarmigan carcasses found, emphasizing the effectiveness of such a relatively simple mitigation measure.</p>
柳橋図屏風 / Willows And Bridge
Created from 2 public domain images released by the Metropolitan Museum of Art. "With their contrasts of large dramatic forms and brilliant metallic shimmer, these screens represent the zenith of the decorative style of the late sixteenth century. Under a moonlit sky, a golden bridge creates a strong diagonal from the right screen to the left." ~ https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/53241 Period: Momoyama period (1573–1615) Date: early 17th century Culture: Japan Medium:Pair of six-panel folding screens; ink, color, copper, gold, and gold leaf on paper Dimensions:Image (each): 61 5/16 in. × 11 ft. 5/16 in. (155.8 × 336 cm) Overall (each): 67 5/8 in. × 11 ft. 6 9/16 in. (171.8 × 352 cm) Classification: Screens Credit Line: Mary Griggs Burke Collection, Gift of the Mary and Jackson Burke Foundation, 2015 Accession Number: 2015.300.105.1, .2 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data and code from: Climatic variation allows montane willows to escape an adaptive tradeoff
<p>This repository contains the data and R code needed to reproduce all results and figures from Rosenblad & Ackerly (2024) Climatic variation allows montane willows to escape an adaptive tradeoff. File descriptions are below.</p> <p>analysis.R contains all R code.</p> <p>cutting_data.csv contains the following fields: 1- plant_id, a unique identifier for each genetically distinct in situ parent plant, from which cuttings were collected and propagated; 2- cutting_id, which specifies replicate cuttings from each in situ parent plant; 3- diameter_mm, the initial diameter at the base of each cutting (in millimeters) immediately following collection; and 4- height_cm, the initial height of each cutting.</p> <p>freezing_resistance_data.csv contains the following fields: 1- plant_id (see above); 2- cutting_id_1 (see cutting_id above); 3- cutting_id_2, which specifies replicate greenhouse-grown twigs sampled from each greenhouse plant (specified by cutting_id_1); and 4- new_growth, a binary variable indicating whether each twig survived and grew roots following the freezing treatment.</p> <p>leaf_and_shoot_mass_data.csv contains the following fields: 1- plant_id (see above); 2- cutting_id (see above); 3- shoots_g, the dry mass of all leaves harvested from the greenhouse plant at the end of the growth experiment; and 4- leaves_g, the dry mass of all shoots harvested from the greenhouse plant at the end of the growth experiment.</p> <p>plant_id.csv contains the following fields: 1- plant_id (see above); and 2- site_id, a unique identifier for the provenance site of each plant.</p> <p>psi_tlp_data.csv contains the following fields: 1- plant_id (see above); 2- cutting_id (see above); 3- psi_tlp_mpa, the measured turgor loss point (in megapascals); and 4- collection_environment, a binary variable distinguishing greenhouse plants from in situ parent plants.</p> <p>root_mass_data.csv contains the following fields: 1- plant_id (see above); 2- cutting_id (see above); and 3- root_mass_g, the dry mass of roots for the given measurement. Some plants had too much root material to measure all at once, so these plants were split into multiple measurement batches, each of which receives a row in this CSV.</p> <p>S_lemmonii_GBIF.csv contains occurrence data of S. lemmonii from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. There are many fields. The important fields for this use case are decimalLatitude and decimalLongitude, the WGS 84 coordinates (EPSG 4326) of each observation. Information on the other fields is available at gbif.org.</p> <p>treatment.csv contains the following fields: 1- plant_id (see above); 2- cutting_id (see above); and 3-treatment, a binary variable indicating whether each greenhouse plant received the drought or control treatment during the growth experiment.</p> <p>fig1.png and other similarly named .png files are the figures in the paper. They can be re-generated by running analysis.R.</p> <p>aet_1981_2010_bcm.tif contains mean annual actual evapotranspiration data for the period 1981-2010 from the Basin Characterization Model.</p> <p>aprpck1981_2010_ave_HST_1641848708.tif, and other files with the same basename but different extensions, contain mean April 1 snow water equivalent data for the period 1981-2010 from the Basin Characterization Model.</p> <p>ds542.shp, and other files with the same basename but different extensions, contains a polygon outlining the Sierra Nevada ecoregion.</p> <p>KR_sites_WGS84.shp, and other files with the same basename but different extensions, contain polygons of the provenance sites.</p> <p>tmn1981_2010may_ave_HST_1689800754.tif, and other files with the same basename but different extensions, contain mean May minimum temperature data fro the period 1981-2010 from the Basin Characterization Model.</p>
Transposable elements mark a repeat-rich region associated with migratory phenotypes of willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus).
<p>This upload contains the relevant data (alignments, trees, html TE landscape files, and datasheets) used in the manuscript: "The importance of repeat-rich regions in the migratory phenotypes of the willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus): transposable elements as a marker."</p>
Arrival dates of male and female willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus) to their breeding site in Sweden 1979-2016
<p><span>Protandry is a widespread life-history phenomenon describing how males precede females at the site or state of reproduction. In migratory birds, protandry has important influence on individual fitness, the migratory syndrome and phenological response to climate change. </span><span>Despite its significance, accurate analyses on the dynamics of protandry using data sets collected at the breeding site, are lacking. Basing our study on records collected daily, spanning a period of 38 years, we aim to investigate protandry dynamics over time in a breeding population of willow warblers (<em>Phylloscopus trochilus</em>). </span><span>Temporal change in the timing of arrival was analysed in males and females, and protandry (number of days between male and female arrival) was investigate both at population level and within breeding pairs. </span><span>Our results show advancement in the arrival time to the breeding site in both sexes, but male arrival has advanced to a greater extent, leading to an increase in protandry both at the population level and within breeding pairs. We do not observe any change in sex ratio that could explain the protandry increase, but pronounced temperature change has occurred at the breeding area and along the migratory route. </span><span>Typically, natural selection opposes earlier arrival in males, but given warmer springs, this counteracting force may be relaxing, enabling an increase in protandry. We discuss whether our results suggests that climate change has caused sex-specific effects, if these could be evolutionary and whether the timing of important life-history stages such as arrival at the breeding site may change at different rates in males and females following environmental shifts. </span></p>
The roles of climate and alternative prey in explaining 142 years of declining willow ptarmigan hunting yield
<p><span>Long time series are important because they extend back to an era when animal populations were less influenced by habitat loss and climate change. Annual fluctuations in harvest yields are good proxies for large changes in population size and may reveal underlying ecological processes. From a variety of sources, we built a 142-year long time series representing the mean daily catch (CPUE) of willow ptarmigan <em>Lagopus lagopus</em> in southeastern Norway. CPUE decreased over the 142 years, from 35 birds shot per day in early years to around two in the last years. There were three periods in the time series: a first period with 3-5 year cycles of high peaks and low troughs (1872-1900), a short second period with similarly high peaks, variable depth of troughs and variable cyclicity (1901-1916), and a third long period with much lower peaks and faded cycles (1917-2013). Yearly variation in CPUE was best explained by an interacting effect of small rodent peak years and period, with a reduced positive effect of rodents in the last period, and a positive effect of the North Atlantic Oscillation index in spring and early summer. None of the weather variables with significant time trends explained any variation in CPUE and we could therefore not attribute the decline in CPUE directly to climate change. We postulate that a long-term dampening of the amplitude in small rodent cycles combined with an increase in red fox numbers, have increased predation on alternative prey like ptarmigan, and prevented the populations from reaching their earlier peaks. Even though the present population of willow ptarmigan is only a fraction of what it was in former days, we recommend light hunting to motivate for monitoring and to keep public attention on the bird. </span></p>
Turkic-Mongol Saber or Chinese Willow Leaf Saber
Turkic-Mongol Saber has been used relatively unchanged for over a thousand years. It's popular with cavalry warriors from Central and Northern Asia, which helped it spread to as far West as Eastern Europe and Northern Africa. In China, it's better known as the Willow Leaf Saber. More information about the weapon can be found here: https://www.mandarinmansion.com/glossary/liuyedao Special thanks to Sketchfab user Arnold Konrad, for providing the basis for this model: https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/willow-leaf-saber-liu-ye-dao-fcab57f916cc456f8d114f7027644033 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Assembly and annotation of eleven Salix (shrub willow) genomes
<p>The shrub willows (<em>Salix</em> section <em>Vetrix</em>) are an emerging bioenergy crop in North America and Eurasia. However, genomics resources in this section are still quite limited, with only a few reference genomes available, despite many species in use in breeding programs. Here we present de novo assemblies and annotations of eleven shrub willow genomes from six species. Copy number variation of candidate sex determination genes within each genome was characterized and revealed remarkable differences in putative master regulator gene duplication and deletion. We also analyzed copy number and expression of candidate genes involved in floral secondary metabolism and identified substantial variation across genotypes, which can be used for parental selection in breeding programs. Lastly, we report on a genotype that produces only female descendants and identified gene presence/absence variation in the mitochondrial genome that may be responsible for this unusual inheritance.</p>
Phylogenomics reveals patterns ancient hybridization and differential diversification that contribute to phylogenetic conflict in willows, poplars, and close relatives
<p>Despite the economic, ecological, and scientific importance of the genera <em>Salix</em> L. (willows) and <em>Populus</em> L. (poplars, cottonwoods, and aspens) Salicaceae, we know little about the sources of differences in species diversity between the genera and of the phylogenetic conflict that often confounds estimating phylogenetic trees. <em>Salix</em> subgenera and sections, in particular, have been difficult to classify, with one recent attempt termed a 'spectacular failure' due to a speculated radiation of the subgenera <em>Vetrix</em> and <em>Chamaetia</em>. Here we use targeted sequence capture to understand the evolutionary history of this portion of the Salicaceae plant family. Our phylogenetic hypothesis was based on 787 gene regions and identified extensive phylogenetic conflict among genes. Our analysis supported some previously described subgeneric relationships and confirmed polyphyly of others. Using an f<sub>branch</sub> analysis we identified several cases of hybridization in deep branches of the phylogeny, which likely contributed to discordance among gene trees. In addition, we identified a rapid increase in diversification rate near the origination of the <em>Vetrix</em>-<em>Chamaetia</em> clade in <em>Salix</em>. This region of the tree coincided with several nodes that lacked strong statistical support, indicating a possible increase in incomplete lineage sorting due to rapid diversification. The extraordinary level of both recent and ancient hybridization in both <em>Salix</em> and <em>Populus</em> have played important roles in the diversification and diversity in these two genera.</p>
Data from: Multi-locus genomic signatures of local adaptation to snow across the landscape in California populations of a willow leaf beetle
<p>Organisms living in mountains contend with extreme climatic conditions, including short growing seasons and long winters with extensive snow cover. Anthropogenic climate change is driving unprecedented, rapid warming of montane regions across the globe, resulting in reduced winter snowpack. Loss of snow as a thermal buffer may have serious consequences for animals overwintering in soil, yet little is known about how variability in snowpack acts as a selective agent in montane ecosystems. Here we examine genomic variation in California populations of the leaf beetle <em>Chrysomela aeneicollis</em>, an emerging natural model system for understanding how organisms respond to climate change. We used a genotype-environment association approach to identify genomic signatures of local adaptation to microclimate in populations from three montane regions with variable snowpack and a coastal region with no snow. We found that both winter-associated environmental variation and geographic distance contribute to overall genomic variation across the landscape. We identified non-synonymous variation in novel candidate loci associated with cytoskeletal function, ion transport and membrane stability, cellular processes associated with cold tolerance in other insects. These findings provide intriguing evidence that variation in snowpack imposes selective gradients in montane ecosystems.</p>
The WILLOW Study With M5049 in SLE and CLE (SCLE and/or DLE) (WILLOW)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05162586. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 22. Publications: 0.
Data from: Multi-locus genomic signatures of local adaptation to snow across the landscape in California populations of a willow leaf beetle
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Assembly and annotation of eleven Salix (shrub willow) genomes
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Phylogenomics reveals patterns ancient hybridization and differential diversification that contribute to phylogenetic conflict in willows, poplars, and close relatives
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Data from: Effect of tower base painting on willow ptarmigan collision rates with wind turbines
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The roles of climate and alternative prey in explaining 142 years of declining willow ptarmigan hunting yield
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Data from: Experimental warming does not change fluctuating asymmetry in three willow species
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Data from: Disentangling serial chloroplast captures in willows
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Arrival dates of male and female willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus) to their breeding site in Sweden 1979-2016
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