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38 results for “Wing Size”
Trans-generational effect of protein restricted diet on adult body and wing size of Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: Interrelations of global macroecological patterns in wing and thorax size, sexual size dimorphism, and range size of the Drosophilidae
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Data from: A small badge of longevity: opposing survival selection on the size of white and black wing markings
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Comparing the individual and combined effects of ant attendance and wing formation on aphid body size and reproduction
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Data from: Allometry of wing twist and camber in a flower chafer during free flight: how do wing deformations scale with body size?
Intraspecific variation in adult body mass can be particularly high in some insect species, mandating adjustment of the wing's structural properties to support the weight of the larger body mass in air. Insect wings elastically deform during flapping, dynamically changing the twist and camber of the relatively thin and flat aerofoil. We examined how wing deformations during free flight scale with body mass within a species of rose chafers (Coleoptera: Protaetia cuprea) in which individuals varied more than threefold in body mass (0.38–1.29 g). Beetles taking off voluntarily were filmed using three high-speed cameras and the instantaneous deformation of their wings during the flapping cycle was analysed. Flapping frequency decreased in larger beetles but, otherwise, flapping kinematics remained similar in both small and large beetles. Deflection of the wing chord-wise varied along the span, with average deflections at the proximal trailing edge higher by 0.2 and 0.197 wing lengths compared to the distal trailing edge in the downstroke and the upstroke, respectively. These deflections scaled with wing chord to the power of 1.0, implying a constant twist and camber despite the variations in wing and body size. This suggests that the allometric growth in wing size includes adjustment of the flexural stiffness of the wing structure to preserve wing twist and camber during flapping.
Data from: The leading-edge vortex on a rotating wing changes markedly beyond a certain central body size
Stable attachment of a leading-edge vortex (LEV) plays a key role in generating the high lift on rotating wings with a central body. The central body-size can affect the LEV structure broadly in two ways. First, an overall change in the size changes the Reynolds number, which is known to have an influence on the LEV structure. Second, it may affect the Coriolis acceleration acting across the wing, depending on the wing-offset from the axis of rotation. To investigate this, the effects of Reynolds number and the wing-offset are independently studied for a rotating wing. The three-dimensional LEV structure is mapped using a scanning PIV technique. The rapid acquisition of images and their correlation are carefully validated. The results presented in this paper show that the LEV structure changes mainly with the Reynolds number. The LEV-split is found to be only minimally affected by changing the central body radius in the range of small offsets, which interestingly includes the range for most insects. However, beyond this small offset range, the LEV-split is found to change dramatically.
Data from: Polymorphism in the neurofibromin gene, Nf1, is associated with antagonistic selection on wing size and development time in Drosophila melanogaster
In many invertebrates, body size shows genetically based clines, with size increasing in colder climates. Large body size is typically associated with prolonged development times. We consider variation in the CNS-specific gene neurofibromin 1 (Nf1) and its association with body size and development time. We identified two major Nf1 haplotypes in natural populations, Nf1-insertion-A and Nf1-deletion-G. These haplotypes are characterized by a 45-base insertion/deletion (INDEL) in Nf1 intron 2 and an A/G synonymous substitution (locus L17277). Linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the INDEL and adjacent sites is high but appears to be restricted within the Nf1 gene interval. In Australia, the frequency of the Nf1-insertion-A haplotype increases with latitude where wing size is larger, independent of the chromosomal inversion In(3R)Payne. Unexpectedly, the Nf1-insertion-A haplotype is negatively associated with wing size. We found that the Nf1-insertion-A haplotype is enriched in females with shorter development time. This suggests that the Nf1 haplotype cline may be driven by selection for development time rather than size; females from southern (higher latitude) D. melanogaster populations maintain a rapid development time despite being relatively larger, and the higher incidence of Nf1-insertion-A in southern Australia may contribute to this pattern whereas the effects of the Nf1 haplotypes on size may be countered by other loci with antagonistic effects on size and development time. Our results point to the potential complexity involved in identifying selection on genetic variants exhibiting pleiotropic effects when studies are based on spatial patterns or association studies.
Morphometrics of taxa in the genus Sphenopsis, recorded from adult male (n = 21) and female (n = 15) study skins in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia (ANSP) and Delaware Museum of Nature & Science, Greenville (DMNH) collections. Sample sizes and means (± SD) are given for each taxon, within each sex class (female, male), for the following variables: (WG) wing length, (TR) tarsometatarsus length, (TL) tail length, (BL) bill length, and (BW) bill width. All measurements in mm. in Taxonomic status of the Western Hemispingus Sphenopsis ochracea (Thraupidae) and a review of species limits in the genus Sphenopsis P. L. Sclater, 1861
Morphometrics of taxa in the genus Sphenopsis, recorded from adult male (n = 21) and female (n = 15) study skins in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia (ANSP) and Delaware Museum of Nature & Science, Greenville (DMNH) collections. Sample sizes and means (± SD) are given for each taxon, within each sex class (female, male), for the following variables: (WG) wing length, (TR) tarsometatarsus length, (TL) tail length, (BL) bill length, and (BW) bill width. All measurements in mm.
Data from: Sexual conflict in wing size and shape in Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: Properties of spontaneous mutational variance and covariance for wing size and shape in Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: The leading-edge vortex on a rotating wing changes markedly beyond a certain central body size
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Data from: Polymorphism in the neurofibromin gene, Nf1, is associated with antagonistic selection on wing size and development time in Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: Allometry of wing twist and camber in a flower chafer during free flight: how do wing deformations scale with body size?
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Transposable elements silencing by the histone demethylase dLSD1 is required to achieve normal wing size
GEO Series GSE244445. Drosophila melanogaster. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Fig. 5 in Evolutionary relationships of wing venation and wing size and shape in Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Fig. 5 Phylogenetic hypothesis for the subfamily Aphidiinae based on the mtCOI gene and character states of wing venation allocated based on Parsimony ancestral state reconstruction method: left – unordered; right –
Fig. 2 in Evolutionary relationships of wing venation and wing size and shape in Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Fig. 2 Nomenclature of Aphidiinae wing venation following Wharton et al. (1997). CU cubitus, M media, R radius, RS radial sector, m-cu transverse medio-cubital vein, r transverse radial vein, r + m transverse radio-medial vein; cells: I marginal, II 1st submarginal, III 2nd submarginal, IV 3rd submarginal, V basal, VI 1st discal, VII 2nd discal, VIII subbasal, IX 1st subdiscal, X 2nd subdiscal, XI anal
Fig. 6 in Evolutionary relationships of wing venation and wing size and shape in Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Fig. 6 Distribution of species in the morphospace defined by three PC axes. Phylogeny is mapped over graph. a Mapped distribution of the species means in phylomorphospace. Ellipses of the symbols represent
Fig. 3 in Evolutionary relationships of wing venation and wing size and shape in Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Fig. 3 Set of landmarks positioned on the forewing of a Ephedrus plagiator, species with fully developed venation, and forewing of b Binodoxys angelicae, species with a reduced wing venation. First five landmarks (landmarks 1 to 5) describe the proximal part of the wing; landmarks 5, 6 and 7 describe the stigma, 7 and 8 mark the length of metacarpus, 6 and 9 mark the radial vein and together from 6 to 11 represent the distal area of the wing
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