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31 results for “Zygophyllaceae”
Phenotypic divergence of traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions between island and continental populations of the tropical plant, Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae)
<p><span><strong>Premise</strong>:</span><span> Island systems have long served as a model for evolutionary processes due to their unique species interactions. Many studies of the evolution of species interactions on islands have focused on endemic taxa. Fewer studies have focused on how antagonistic and mutualistic interactions shape the phenotypic divergence of widespread non-endemic species living on island populations. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>:</span><span> We used the widespread plant <em>Tribulus</em> <em>cistoides</em> (Zygophyllaceae) to test phenotypic divergence in traits that mediate antagonistic interactions with vertebrate granivores (birds) and mutualistic interactions with pollinators and how this is explained by bioclimatic variables. We used both herbarium specimens and field-collected samples to compare phenotypic divergence between continental and island populations. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>:</span><span> Fruits from island populations were larger than on continents, but the presence of lower spines on mericarps was lower on islands. The presence of spines was largely explained by environmental variation among islands. Petal length was on average 9% smaller on island than continental populations, an effect that was especially accentuated on the Galápagos Islands. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Conclusions</strong>:</span><span> <em>Tribulus</em> <em>cistoides</em> exhibits phenotypic divergence between island and continental habitats for antagonistic traits (seed defence) and mutualistic traits (floral traits). Further, the evolution of phenotypic traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions depended on the abiotic characteristics of specific islands. This study shows the potential of using a combination of herbarium and field samples for comparative studies on a globally distributed species to test phenotypic divergence on island habitats.</span></p>
Phenotypic divergence of traits that mediate antagonistic and mutualistic interactions between island and continental populations of the tropical plant, Tribulus cistoides (Zygophyllaceae)
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Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
Image of Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
FIGURE 3 in A checklist of eriophyoid species (Acari: Eriophyidae) on Zygophyllaceae with descriptions of two new species from Northeast Iran
FIGURE 3. Line drawings of Aculus sirzariensis sp. nov.: AD. Prodorsal shield; AL. lateral view of female anterior body region; CG. Female coxigenital region; em. Empodium; GM. Male genital region; IG. Internal female genitalia; LO. Lateral view of semiannuli; L1. Leg I; PM. Lateral view of posterior opisthosoma; Scale bar: 10 μm for AD, AL, CG, IG, PM, GM; 5 μm for L1, LO; 2.5 μm for em.
FIGURE 2 in A checklist of eriophyoid species (Acari: Eriophyidae) on Zygophyllaceae with descriptions of two new species from Northeast Iran
FIGURE 2. Rounded galls on the leaves of Zygophyllum atriplicoides Fisch. et C.A.Mey. subsp. atriplicoides caused by Aceria kalatiensis sp. nov. Scale bar: 10 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A checklist of eriophyoid species (Acari: Eriophyidae) on Zygophyllaceae with descriptions of two new species from Northeast Iran
FIGURE 1. Line drawings of Aceria kalatiensis sp. nov.: AD. Prodorsal shield; AL. lateral view of female anterior body region; CG. Female coxigenital region; em. Empodium; GM. Male genital region; IG. Internal female genitalia; LO. Lateral view of semiannuli; L1. Leg I; PM. Lateral view of posterior opisthosoma; Scale bar: 10 μm for AD, AL, CG, IG, PM, GM; 5 μm for L1, LO; 2.5 μm for em.
FIGURE 5 in Lectotypifications, epitypifications and neotypifications in Zygophyllaceae species from South America
FIGURE 5. Epitype of Guaiacum microphyllum (M. Lewis 37210 - SI092599).
FIGURE 3 in Lectotypifications, epitypifications and neotypifications in Zygophyllaceae species from South America
FIGURE 3. Epitype of Larrea ameghinoi (F. Biganzoli & C. Larsen 1953 - SI092511).
FIGURE 1 in Lectotypifications, epitypifications and neotypifications in Zygophyllaceae species from South America
FIGURE 1. Neotype of Bulnesia gancedoi (A.A. Cocucci 5719 - CORD00056302)
FIGURE 2 in Lectotypifications, epitypifications and neotypifications in Zygophyllaceae species from South America
FIGURE 2. Lectotype of Ehrenbergia tribuloides (K.F.P. von Martius s.n. M0243868)
FIGURE 4 in Lectotypifications, epitypifications and neotypifications in Zygophyllaceae species from South America
FIGURE 4. Neotype of Mimosa balsamica (F. Biganzoli & C. Larsen 1947- SI092598).
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