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454 results for “additive effect”
Legacy effect of grazing intensity mediates the bottom-up controls of resource addition on soil food webs
<p>1. Large-scale studies have demonstrated that nitrogen (N) and water (W) availability greatly affect terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, and this is especially true for the resource-poor semi-arid grasslands. Yet, experimental evidence is lacking for how N and W availability affect soil food webs across historical grazing intensity-altered environments at a local scale.</p> <p>2. Here, we included N- and W-addition treatments in an 8-year grazing experiment (with four grazing intensities) to determine how the legacy effects of grazing intensity mediate the responses of key components of soil food webs (plants, microorganisms, and nematodes) to resource addition in a semi-arid grassland.</p> <p>3. After 4 years of N- and W-addition treatments (with no grazing during that 4-year period), we found that a legacy of grazing, even light grazing, had significant negative effects on the components of plant community and soil food webs. Both N and W addition increased above- and below-ground plant biomass, especially under moderate and heavy grazing. N addition had negative effects on the biomass of bacteria under no grazing, while W addition increased the biomass of actinomycetes under light grazing. N addition decreased the abundance of omnivorous + carnivorous nematodes under light and heavy grazing, while W addition increased their abundance under heavy grazing. Overall, the effects of resource addition on soil food webs progressively decreased from the lowest trophic level (primary producers, i.e., plants), to intermediate tropic levels (microorganisms and root-feeding nematodes), to higher trophic levels (microbial-feeding nematodes and omnivorous + carnivorous nematodes).</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. Our results, which are the first data concerning the effects of resource addition on key components of soil food webs across a historical grazing-induced environmental gradient, show that the strong bottom-up controls of resource addition on soil food webs are mediated by the legacy of grazing intensity. These finding should be useful for predicting the responses of grassland ecosystems to future climate change and suggest that the recovery of degraded grasslands will require more than restoration measure of resource inputs alone.</p>
Data from: Additive effects of pCO2 and temperature on respiration rates of the Antarctic pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica
The Antarctic pteropod, Limacina helicina antarctica, is a dominant member of the zooplankton in the Ross Sea and supports the vast diversity of marine megafauna that designates this region as an internationally protected area. Here, we observed the response of respiration rate to abiotic stressors associated with global change – environmentally relevant temperature (-0.8˚C, 4˚C) and pH treatments reflecting current-day and future modeled extremes. Sampling repeatedly over a 14-day period in laboratory experiments and using microplate respirometry techniques, we found that the metabolic rate of juvenile pteropods increased in response to high pCO2 exposure (920 µatm) at -0.8˚C, a near-ambient temperature. Similarly, metabolic rate increased when pteropods were exposed simultaneously to multiple stressors, elevated pCO2 conditions (960 µatm) and a high temperature (+4˚C). Overall, the results showed that pCO2 and temperature interact additively to affect metabolic rates in pteropods. Furthermore, we found that L. h. antarctica can tolerate acute exposure to temperatures far beyond its maximal habitat temperature. Overall, L. h. antarctica appears to be susceptible to pH and temperature stress, two abiotic stressors which are expected to be especially deleterious for ectothermic marine metazoans in polar seas.
Dynamics of leaching of POPs and additives from plastic in a Procellariiform gastric model: Diet and polymer dependent effects and implications for long-term exposure
<p>Procellariiform seabirds are known to have high rates of plastic ingestion. We investigated the bioaccessibility of plastic-associated chemicals [plastic additives and sorbed persistent organic pollutants (POPs)] leached from plastic over time using an in vitro Procellariiform gastric model. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), commonly ingested by Procellariiform seabirds, were manufactured with one additive [decabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE-209) or bisphenol S (BPS)]. HDPE and PVC added with PBDE-209 were additionally incubated in salt water with 2,4,4'-trichloro-1,1'-biphenyl (PCB-28) and 2,2',3,4,4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-138) to simulate sorption of POPs on plastic in the marine environment. Our results indicate that the type of plastic (nature of polymer and additive), presence of food (i.e., lipids and proteins) and gastric secretions (i.e., pepsin) influence the leaching of chemicals in a seabird. In addition, 100% of the sorbed POPs were leached from the plastic within 100 hours, while only 2-5% of the additives were leached from the matrix within 100 hours, suggesting that the remaining 95% of the additives could continue to be leached. Overall, our study illustrates how plastic type, diet and plastic retention time can influence a Procellariform's exposure risk to plastic-associated chemicals.</p>
Dataset: The effect of a keyhole defect on strain localisation in an additive manufactured titanium alloy
<p><strong>This is the dataset used in the following publication: </strong></p> <div> <div> <div> <p>S. Cao, R. Thomas, A.D. Smith, P. Zhang, L. Meng, H. Liu, J. Guo, J. Donoghue, D. Lunt, The effect of a keyhole defect on strain localisation in an additive manufactured titanium alloy, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.11.237</p> </div> </div> </div> <p><strong>Contained in this dataset are:</strong></p> <p>A Jupyter notebook which uses the open-source DefDAP Python package (https://github.com/MechMicroMan/DefDAP) to open enclosed HRDIC and EBSD data for two regions in an SLM Ti64 sample, one around a keyhole defect and one ~1mm away in the bulk.</p> <p>Please use the 'master' version of DefDAP: <a href="https://github.com/MechMicroMan/DefDAP/tree/51074e158b0131c69358ddf7eee319e41cf582ca">https://github.com/MechMicroMan/DefDAP/</a></p> <p><strong>Publication abstract:</strong></p> <p>The influence of a keyhole defect on local deformation behaviour in additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V was investigated by comparing it to a representative bulk region without a defect. High resolution digital image correlation (HRDIC) was used to measure the differences in strain localisation at the microstructural length-scale. A nanoscale speckle pattern was used to allow small changes in strain to be detected and resolved within a single individual lamella and at pre-existing crack locations around the defect. Strain localisation was observed around the defect and formed well below the macroscopic yield stress. In contrast, minimal deformation was found in the bulk at this stress level. Following further deformation into the plastic regime, the strain localisation around the keyhole became more heterogenous with a distinct strain field. A large amount of strain localisation and <c+a> slip was observed either side of the defect normal to the loading direction compared to relatively little in the regions close to the defect in line with the loading direction. This HRDIC observation was consistent with finite element analysis of the expected strain fields around the defect both below and above the yield point. Furthermore, micro-cracks were observed in αp/αp and αp/βt interfaces in both regions with the more pronounced strain fields around the defect leading to an increased number of long micro-cracks than in the bulk. The formation mechanisms of micro-cracks have been discussed, emphasising the role of localised strain caused by the defect.</p> <p> </p>
Dataset of biomechanical effects of the addition of a precision constraint on a collective load carriage task
<p>Team lifting is a complex and collective motor task that possesses both motor and cognitive components. We study the collective load carriage adaptation due to an additional accuracy constraint. Ten dyads performed a first condition in which they collectively transported a load (CC), and a second one in which they transported the same load while maintaining a ball in a target position on its top (PC). The recovery-rate, amplitude, and period of the center-of-mass of the whole system (dyad + table, CoMPACS) were computed. We analyzed the forces and moments exerted at each joint of the upper limbs of the subjects. We observed a decrease in the overall performance of the dyads when the Precision task was added, i.e., i) the velocity and amplitude of CoMPACS decreased by 1,7% and 5,8%, respectively, ii) inter-subject variability of the Moment-Cost-Function decreased by 95% and recovery rate decreased by 19,2% during PC. A kinetic synergy analysis showed that the subjects reorganized their coordinations in the PC. Our results demonstrate that adding a precision task affects the economy of collective load carriage. Notwithstanding, the joint moments at the upper-limbs are better balanced and co-vary more across the paired subjects during the precision task.</p>
Data associated to the article "Effects of fluoride salt addition to the physico-chemical properties of the MgCl2-NaCl-KCl heat transfer fluid : a molecular dynamics study"
<p>Contains input file and data used to generate the figures of the article:</p> <p>Effects of fluoride salt addition to the physico-chemical properties of the MgCl<sub>2</sub>-NaCl-KCl heat transfer fluid : a molecular dynamics study</p> <p>Weiguang Zhou, Yanping Zhang, Mathieu Salanne</p> <p>https://chemrxiv.org/engage/chemrxiv/article-details/618e903a2bf8a950c7d98e5d</p> <p>The files <em>data.inpt</em> and <em>runtime.inpt </em>are used to simulate the system using the software MetalWalls</p> <p>The files <em>MgNaKCl.txt, MgNaKClF01.txt, MgNaKClF05.txt, MgNaKClF10.txt, MgNaKClF20.txt</em> contain the computed densities, viscosities and thermal conductivities at various temperatures for several compositions (provided in the header of the files)</p>
Associated dataset for "Effects of Additive Noise in Binaural Rendering of Spherical Microphone Array Signals"
<p>The instrumental evaluation utilized the Real-Time Spherical Microphone Renderer (<a href="https://github.com/AppliedAcousticsChalmers/ReTiSAR">ReTiSAR</a>) for binaural reproduction in Python. The employed code state at that time should be used to reproduce the rendering results in this data set exactly. The frozen code state for this data set is available at:<br><a href="https://github.com/AppliedAcousticsChalmers/ReTiSAR/releases/tag/v2021.TASLP">https://github.com/AppliedAcousticsChalmers/ReTiSAR/releases/tag/v2021.TASLP</a></p> <p>Download the rendering pipeline and follow the setup instructions! Use the Conda environment file included here when setting up the Python environment. In this way, you will obtain the exact Python setup as utilized in the instrumental evaluation in the publication:</p> <pre><code>conda env create --file ReTiSAR_environment_freeze.yml</code></pre> <pre><code>source activate ReTiSAR_TASLP_freeze</code></pre> <p>Matlab script "generate_norm_levels.m":</p> <ul> <li>The level contributions used in the publication are contained in "record_CLL_levels.sh", therefore this needs to be executed only in case other level distributions should be generated</li> <li>Generate the string for a ReTiSAR configuration (as used in "record_CLL_levels.sh") to emulate normally contributing EM32 self-noise based on Forum Acusticum publication data</li> <li>Generate the string for aReTiSAR configuration (as used in "record_CLL_levels.sh") to emulate normally contributing GL162 self-noise based on Gaussian normal distribution</li> </ul> <p>Matlab script "prepare_MagLS_HRIRs.m":</p> <ul> <li>Apply Magnitude Least Squares pre-processing to HRIRs (as used in "record_CLL_levels.sh")</li> </ul> <p>Shell script "record_CLL_levels.sh":</p> <ul> <li>Record the output ear signals of the rendering pipeline at multiple head orientations for all investigated configurations (according to Table 1)</li> <li>All captured signals are contained in the respective configuration directory, e.g. "rec_25ch_Fliege_sh4" to "rec_338ch_Gauss_sh12"</li> </ul> <p>Matlab script "calculate_CLL_levels.m":</p> <ul> <li>Read the individual rendering pipeline output recordings for arbitrary configurations</li> <li>Visualize the raw captured signals per configuration</li> <li>Visualize the RMS signal level variations over all head orientations per configuration</li> <li>Visualize the Interaural Level Difference variations over all head orientations per configuration</li> <li>Visualize the Composite Loudness Level variations over all head orientations per configuration (like Figure 2)</li> <li>Gather the above determined RMS, ILD, CLL, etc. metrics in a Matlab dataset per configuration (will be utilized in "plot_gathered_CLL_levels.m")</li> <li>All generated plots and Matlab datasets are contained in the respective configuration directory, e.g. "rec_25ch_Fliege_sh4" to "rec_338ch_Gauss_sh12"</li> </ul> <p>Matlab script "plot_gathered_CLL_levels.m":</p> <ul> <li>Visualize the resulting Composite Loudness Level gradient detections over all head orientations for arbitrary combinations of configurations (like Figure 3 to Figure 14)</li> <li>All generated plots are contained in the "CLL_results" directory</li> </ul>
A case study of the dimensional effects in an additive manufacturing process with multiple operations
<p>This dataset provides a case study for the dimension changes of the prints in an additive manufacturing process with multiple operations. The operations are Stereolithography (SLA) printing and its two post-processing processes (washing and post-curing). The dataset contains the measured dimensions of the prints after each operation, which allows the modeling of each operation individually.<br> </p>
The process of HDAC11 Assay Development: time-course study follow-up-effect of additives
<p>Since the activity of HDAC11 has been observed to be quite low as per the previous data, a preliminary test was performed to check any drastic increase in the activity in the presence of an additive. </p> <p>version2 (v2) has updated reaction recipe.</p>
Supplementary data for "Additive and interactive cumulative effects on boreal landbirds: winners and losers in a multi-stressor landscape"
<p>Supplementary data for:</p> <p>Mahon, C. Lisa , Gillian L. Holloway, Erin M. Bayne, and Judith D. Toms. 2019. Additive and interactive cumulative effects on boreal landbirds: winners and losers in a multi-stressor landscape. Ecological Applications in press. <a href="https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eap.1895">https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/eap.1895</a></p> <p>This file lists point count data selected for this analysis from the ECCC data available at <a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/oil-sands-monitoring/monitoring-biodiversity-alberta-oil-sands.html">https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/oil-sands-monitoring/monitoring-biodiversity-alberta-oil-sands.html</a>, under the “Cause-effect migratory landbirds at regional scales” and “Species-at-risk migratory landbirds” project links.</p>
Non-additive effects on the morphology of hybrids between two species of two large house spiders, Eratigena saeva and E. duellica (Araneae: Agelenidae)
<p>Raw morphological measurements of males and females of two species of large house spider and their F<sub>1</sub>, F<sub>2</sub> and backcross hybrids.</p>
Effect of Presodiation Additive on Structural and Interfacial Stability of Hard Carbon | P2-Na0.66Mn0.75Ni0.2Mg0.05O2 Full Cell
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data for "Integrated ab initio modelling of atomic order and magnetic anisotropy for rare-earth-free magnet design: effects of alloying additions in L1$_0$ FeNi."
<p>Data for "Integrated ab initio modelling of atomic order and magnetic anisotropy for rare-earth-free magnet design: effects of alloying additions in L1$_0$ FeNi", published in npj Comput. Mater. <strong>10</strong> 272 (2024).</p> <p>Version 2 contains additional results relating to Ni-rich systems.</p> <p>Version 3 contains data relating to vibrational considerations for the A1-L1$_0$ transition in equiatomic FeNi.</p> <p>Version 4 contains date pertaining to the Curie temperatures of the disordered, partially ordered, and fully ordered alloys considered in this work.</p>
Using inbreeding to test the contribution of non-additive genetic effects to additive genetic variance: A case study in Drosophila serrata
<p>Additive genetic variance, <em>V<sub>A</sub></em>, is the key parameter for predicting adaptive and neutral phenotypic evolution. Changes in demography (e.g., increased close-relative inbreeding) can alter <em>V<sub>A</sub></em>, but how depends on the, typically unknown, gene action and allele frequencies across many loci. For example, <em>V<sub>A</sub></em> increases proportionally with the inbreeding coefficient when allelic effects are additive, but larger (or smaller) increases can occur when allele frequencies are unequal at causal loci with dominance effects. Here, we describe an experimental approach to assess the potential for rare, recessive alleles to inflate <em>V<sub>A</sub></em> under inbreeding. Applying a powerful paired pedigree design in <em>Drosophila serrata</em>, we measured 11 wing traits on half-sibling families bred via either random or sibling mating, differing only in homozygosity (not allele frequency). Despite close inbreeding and substantial power to detect small <em>V<sub>A</sub></em>, we detected no deviation from the expected additive effect of inbreeding on genetic (co)variances. Our results suggest the average dominance coefficient is very small relative to the additive effect, or that allele frequencies are relatively equal at loci affecting wing traits. We outline the further opportunities for this paired pedigree approach to reveal the characteristics of <em>V<sub>A</sub></em>, providing insight into historical selection and future evolutionary potential.</p>
Additive genetic effects in interacting species jointly determine the outcome of caterpillar herbivory
<p>Plant-insect interactions are common and important in basic and applied biology. Trait and genetic variation can affect the outcome and evolution of these interactions, but the relative contributions of plant and insect genetic variation and how these interact remain unclear and are rarely subject to assessment in the same experimental context. Here we address this knowledge gap using a recent host range expansion onto alfalfa by the Melissa blue butterfly. Common garden rearing experiments and genomic data show that caterpillar performance depends on plant and insect genetic variation, with insect genetics contributing to performance earlier in development and plant genetics later. Our models of performance based on caterpillar genetics retained predictive power when applied to a second common garden. Much of the plant genetic effect could be explained by heritable variation in plant phytochemicals, especially saponins, peptides, and phosphatidyl cholines, providing a possible mechanistic understanding of variation in the species interaction. We find evidence of polygenic, mostly additive effects within and between species, with consistent effects of plant genotype on growth and development across multiple butterfly species. Our results inform theories of plant-insect coevolution and the evolution of diet breadth in herbivorous insects and other host-specific parasites.</p>
On the importance of additional behavioral observation in behavioral psychopharmacology research: a case study on agomelatine's effects on feedback sensitivity in probabilistic reversal learning test in rats (data&code)
<p>Dataset to the manuscript entitled: On the importance of additional behavioral observation in behavioral psychopharmacology research: a case study on agomelatine's effects on feedback sensitivity in probabilistic reversal learning test in rats. Code in R used for analysis data from probabilistic reversal learning (PRL) test performed in operant conditioning boxes. Script analyzes data files from MED-PC IV software.</p>
The effects of N-addition on litter mixture effects depend on decomposition time: a case from mixed-litter decomposition in the Gurbantunggut Desert
<p>Changes in nitrogen (N) deposition and litter mixtures have been shown to influence ecosystem processes such as litter decomposition. However, the interactive effects of litter mixing and N-deposition on decomposition process in desert regions remain poorly identified. We assessed the simultaneous effects of both N addition and litter mixture on mass loss in a litterbag decomposition experiment using six native plants in single-species samples with diverse quality and 14 species-combinations in the Gurbantunggut Desert under two N addition treatments (control and N addition). The N addition had no significant effect on decomposition rate of single-species litter (except <em>Haloxylon ammodendron</em>), whereas litter mass loss and decomposition rate differed significantly among species, with variations positively correlated with initial phosphorus concentration and negatively correlated with initial lignin concentration. After 18 months, the average mass loss across litter mixtures did not overall differ from those predicted from single-species either in control or N addition treatments, that is, mixing of different species had no non-additive effects on decomposition. The N addition, however, did modify the direction of mixture effects, and interacted with incubation time. Added N transformed synergistic effects of litter mixtures to antagonistic effects on mass loss after 1 month of decomposition, while transforming neutral effects of litter mixture to synergistic effects after 6 months of decomposition. Our results demonstrated that initial chemical properties played an important role in litter decomposition, while no effects of litter mixture on decomposition process in this desert region. The N addition altered the litter mixture effects on mass loss with incubation time, implying that increased N deposition in the future may have profound effects on carbon turnover to a greater extent than previously thought in desert ecosystems.</p>
Addition of Nitrous Oxide and Its Effects on Depth of Anesthesia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00717574. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effect of Addition of Raltegravir (MK-0518) to PI- or NNRTI-Based ART Regimens in HIV Infected Subjects With Undetectable Viral Load
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00515827. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Coronary Computed Tomography Study to Assess the Effect of Inclisiran in Addition to Maximally Tolerated Statin Therapy on Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression in Participants With a Diagnosis of Non-ob
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05360446. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 18. Publications: 1.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.