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141 results for “affiliation”
Chinese Rotarians' Affiliation Network Data
<p>This set of files contains the edge list and the node list used for building the network of affiliation of the Chinese members of the Rotary Club of Shanghai. The network contains two categories of nodes: the persons (Chinese Rotarians) and the institutions in which they held positions in their lifetime. The edge list specifies the nature of the position, the date (year) when and the place (city) where it was held, and the strength of the connection for each pair (weight). The additional file (Rotary_ZH_position_clean) contains the original data extracted from contemporary <em>Who's Who. </em></p>
Biogeographic affiliation and centers of richness as predictors of elevational range-size patterns for Malesian flora
<p>Our goal was to interrogate the idea that "mountain passes are higher in the tropics" by investigating ecological and biogeographic drivers of elevational range-sizes patterns among equatorial flora. We used herbarium records for sixty species-rich plant families, representing 18535 species total, to estimate distributions over a 4500 m elevational gradient. For each family, we estimated the change in average range-sizes with increasing elevation (i.e. Rapoport's rule, abbreviated as ERR) and quantified 15 metrics of familial richness distribution, evolutionary age, and biogeographic affiliation. We visualized covariation across families using phylogenetic principal components analysis (pPCA). We then evaluated how family-level ERR slopes correlated with each metric individually, as well as when using multivariate techniques to reduce dimensionality. We hypothesized that if long term climate stability over millions of years promotes habitat specialization, then among taxa with longer-term tropical affiliations, we would expect smaller range-sizes within lowland forests, with greater range-size expansion towards higher elevations, expressed as a positive ERR slope. Conversely, variation in growing conditions should promote larger, relatively consistent, range-sizes at all sections of an elevational gradient, expressed as a neutral ERR slope. Our results support this corollary because of the dichotomy of ERR slopes observed in relation to the elevational distribution of richness and historical biogeographic positioning. We found that families with greater Sundaland endemism, or richness that was restricted to tropical lowland forests, had positive ERR slopes. Families with stronger Sahul affiliation, or montane centered richness, had shallower, neutral, or negative ERR slopes, as did clades with temperate origins. Families with Wallacea affiliation, broader latitudinal or elevational distributions, cosmopolitanism, greater richness, or older evolutionary age had mixed results. We conclude that the relative steepness of an ERR slope is an indicator of a taxonomic group's tolerance of habitat variation and vulnerability to contemporary climate change.</p>
Ciliates functional ecology and taxonomic affiliation
<p>Associated publication: Barouillet et al. Paleoreconstructions of ciliate communities reveal long-term ecological changes in temperate lakes</p> <p>This table contains information about the ecology of ciliates used in our study. Each raw correspond to a unique taxonomic entry obtained from our metabarcoding dataset. The association of each taxonomical entry to their functional traits was done through an exhaustive literature review, the list of reference can be found in the second page of the excel document.</p> <p>The foraging traits categories created were inspired from a combination of several previously published categories based on the feeding ecology of ciliates developed by Weisse (2017), Foissner and Berger (1996), Foissner et al. (2008) and Beaver and Crisman (1989).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong><em>References:</em></strong></p> <p>Weisse, T. Functional diversity of aquatic ciliates. European Journal of Protistology 61, 331–358 (2017)</p> <p>Foissner, W. & Berger, H. A user-friendly guide to the ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) commonly used by hydrobiologists as bioindicators in rivers, lakes, and waste waters, with notes on their ecology. Freshwater Biology 35, 375–482 (1996).</p> <p>Foissner, W., Chao, A. & Katz, L. A. Diversity and geographic distribution of ciliates (Protista: Ciliophora). Biodivers Conserv 17, 345–363 (2008).</p> <p>Beaver, J. R. & Crisman, T. L. The role of ciliated protozoa in pelagic freshwater ecosystems. Microb Ecol 17, 111–136 (1989).</p>
Data and Files for Zito, Rigon and Dunson (2022): "Inferring taxonomic affiliation from DNA barcoding aiding in discovery of new taxa"
<p>This folder contains the data and the R code to reproduce the figures and tables in the paper Zito, Rigon and Dunson (2022) - "Inferring Taxonomic placement from DNA barcoding aiding in discovery of new taxa", accepted as open access publication in Methods in Ecology and Evolution.</p> <p>The file "main_FinBOL.R" reproduces the tables in the main document and in the Supporting information available online for the analysis of the FinBOL data, while "main_Simulation_Section4_SI.R" reproduces the simulation in Section 4 of the Supporting information. </p> <p>All data are saved in the folder "data". For replicability purposes, we added version 2.13 of the RDP classifier to the repository, in the folder "RDP/java". This has been downloaded from https://sourceforge.net/projects/rdp-classifier/. </p> <p>For questions, contact the author at alessandro.zito@duke.edu<br> </p>
Figure 2 in A comparison between affiliative and agonistic behaviours in wild and captive Sapajus libidinosus (Spix, 1823) (Mammalia, Primates, Cebidae)
Figure 2. Relative frequencies of social activities presented by free-living (Grey) and captive individuals (Black): (A) Affiliative behaviours and (B) Agonistic behaviours. We observed 10 different types of social behaviour, which occurred under both captivity and free-living conditions.
Figure 4 in A comparison between affiliative and agonistic behaviours in wild and captive Sapajus libidinosus (Spix, 1823) (Mammalia, Primates, Cebidae)
Figure 4. Captivity reduces agonistic interactions and does not change affiliative interactions. (A) Median and quartiles of the frequency of affiliative (A) and agonistic (B) behaviours presented by captive and free-living groups of S. libidinosus, separated by sex.
Figure 3 in A comparison between affiliative and agonistic behaviours in wild and captive Sapajus libidinosus (Spix, 1823) (Mammalia, Primates, Cebidae)
Figure 3. Relative frequency of social behaviours for each of the ten studied groups (BG = Baixa Grande; JB = Jurubeba; PF = Pedra Furada; OT = Oitenta; GT = Gato; FJZB = Fundação Jardim Zoológico de Brasília; PEDI = Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos; PZT2 = Parque Zoobotânico deTeresina (ilha 2); PZT3 = Parque Zoobotânico de Teresina (ilha 3); PZT1 = Parque Zoobotânico de Teresina (ilha 1). Under free-living conditions, agonistic behaviours were proportionally more frequent than were affiliative behaviours.
Data affiliated with "Solid bitumen as an indicator of petroleum migration, thermal maturity, and contact metamorphism: A case study in the Barrandian Basin (Silurian - Devonian), Czech Republic"
<p>Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra affiliated with the publication "<span>Solid bitumen as an indicator of petroleum migration, thermal maturity, and contact metamorphism: A case study in the Barrandian Basin (Silurian - Devonian), Czech Republic" in International Journal of Coal Geology (<a title="Persistent link using digital object identifier" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2024.104493" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><span>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2024.104493</span></a>).<br></span></p> <p><span>The FTIR data are saved as CSVs under the numbers and names corresponding to Table in Supplement 1. Columns A corresponds to wavenumbers in cm-1, columns B and C to absorbance measured in two measurements.</span></p>
Female Assamese macaques bias their affiliation to paternal and maternal kin
<p>Forming strong social bonds can lead to higher reproductive success, increased longevity and/or increased infant survival in several mammal species. Given these adaptive benefits, understanding what determines partner preferences in social bonding is important. Maternal relatedness strongly predicts partner preference across many mammalian taxa. The role of paternal relatedness, however, has received relatively little attention, even though paternal and maternal kin share the same number of genes, and theoretically similar preferences would therefore be expected for paternal kin. Here, we investigate the role of maternal and paternal relatedness in female affiliation in Assamese macaques (<i>Macaca assamensis</i>), a species characterized by a relatively low male reproductive skew. We studied a wild population under natural conditions using extensive behavioral data and relatedness analyses based on pedigree reconstruction. We found stronger affiliative relationships and more time spent grooming between maternal kin and paternal half-sisters compared to non-kin, with no preference of maternal over paternal kin. Paternally related and non-related dyads did not form stronger relationships when they had less close maternal kin available, but we would need a bigger sample size to confirm this. As expected given the low reproductive skew, affiliative relationships between paternal half-sisters closer in age were not stronger than between paternal half-sisters with larger age differences, suggesting that the kin bias towards paternal kin was not mediated by age similarity. An alternative way through which paternal kin could get familiarized is mother- and/or father-mediated familiarity.</p>
Wild kangaroos become more social when caring for young and may maintain long-term affiliations with popular individuals
<p>Kangaroos are an iconic group of Australian fauna. Despite considerable research on kangaroo behaviour, key gaps remain in our understanding of their social organization in the wild. In particular, it remains largely unknown whether kangaroos form long-term social bonds and what factors might prompt individuals to associate or dissociate from one another. Over 6 years, we monitored the social affiliations of individually identified eastern grey kangaroos, Macropus giganteus, in a large wild population. We investigated the short-term and long-term relationships of kangaroos and the extent those relationships varied with age, sex and reproductive state. We found evidence that long-term relationships among eastern grey kangaroos are possible, especially between adult females. Those individuals that were more sociable within years were also more likely to establish affiliations across years. Contrary to previous studies, we observed females actively associating with other mothers in the years in which they had young. These data suggest that the fission-fusion dynamics of eastern grey kangaroo social behaviour allow females to modulate their social position with conspecifics according to their current reproductive state. We highlight the adaptive implications of the formation of long-term bonds and the changes in social behaviour observed in females.</p>
Adaptive significance of affiliative behaviour differs between sexes in a wild reptile population
<p>In recent years, we have begun to appreciate that social behaviours might exhibit repeatable among-individual variation. Such behavioural traits may even covary and have critical evolutionary implications. Importantly, some social behaviours such as aggressiveness have been shown to provide fitness benefits, including higher reproductive success and survival. However, fitness consequences of affiliative behaviours, especially between or among sexes, can be more challenging to establish. Using a longitudinal behavioural dataset (2014-2021) collected on eastern water dragons (<em>Intellagama lesueurii</em>), we investigated whether various aspects of affiliative behaviour (1) were repeatable across years, (2) covaried with each other at the among-individual level, and (3) influenced individuals' fitness. In particular, we considered affiliative behaviours towards opposite-sex and same-sex conspecifics separately. We found that social traits were repeatable and covaried with each other similarly for both sexes. More notably, we found that male reproductive success was positively correlated with the number of female associates and the proportion of time spent with females, whilst females' reproductive success was not correlated with any of the measured social behaviour metrics. Overall, these findings suggest that selection may be acting differently on social behaviour of male and female eastern water dragons.</p>
Wild kangaroos become more social when caring for young and may maintain long-term affiliations with popular individuals
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Female Assamese macaques bias their affiliation to paternal and maternal kin
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Biogeographic affiliation and centers of richness as predictors of elevational range-size patterns for Malesian flora
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Adaptive significance of affiliative behaviour differs between sexes in a wild reptile population
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Data from: Stressed connections: cortisol levels following acute psychosocial stress disrupt affiliative mimicry in humans
Mimicry, and especially spontaneous facial mimicry, is a rudimentary element of social–emotional experience that is well-conserved across numerous species. Although such mimicry is thought to be a relatively automatic process, research indicates that contextual factors can influence mimicry, especially in humans. Here, we extend this work by investigating the effect of acute psychosocial stress on spontaneous facial mimicry. Participants performed a spontaneous facial mimicry task with facial electromyography (fEMG) at baseline and approximately one month later, following an acute psychosocial stressor (Trier Social Stress Test). Results show that the magnitude of the endocrine stress response reduced zygomaticus major reactivity, and specifically spontaneous facial mimicry for positive social stimuli (i.e. smiles). Individuals with higher levels of the stress hormone cortisol showed a more blunted fEMG response to smiles, but not to frowns. Conversely, stress had no effect on corrugator supercilii activation (i.e. frowning to frowns). These findings highlight the importance of the biological stress response system in this basic element of social–emotional experience.
BDRC Educational Affiliation Network Data
<p>This set of files contains the edge list, the node list and the list of node attributes used for building the network of educational affiliation in the <em>Biographical Dictionary of Republican China</em> (BDRC). The network contains two categories of nodes: the individuals and the educational institutions they attended. The node attributes file contains two sheet: one for individuals, one for institutions.</p>
Social contagion of affiliation in female macaques
<p>Social contagion of non-interactive behavior is widespread among animals including humans. It is thought to facilitate behavioral synchronization and consequently group cohesion, coordination, and opportunities for social learning. Contagion of interactive behavior - particularly affiliation - has received much less attention. Here, we investigated in female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) the effect of observing group members groom on a subject's subsequent grooming behavior and the potential modulation of contagion by relationship quality and social status. We recorded behavior after subjects witnessed a grooming event and compared it to behavior in a control condition with the same individuals in proximity but in the absence of a stimulus grooming event. Compared to the control condition, after observing others groom, females engaged in a grooming interaction sooner, and were more likely to be the initiator and to take on the active groomer role. Dominance rank of the focal individual and more weakly also of the stimulus individuals affected the latency to the next grooming interaction of the focal subject. Latency to the next grooming interaction decreased with increasing rank of the subject potentially reflecting lower social constraints faced by high ranking individuals in this highly despotic species. Relationship quality between the subject and the stimulus individuals had no effect on latency to grooming. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for visual contagion of affiliation in rhesus macaques. Future studies should explore the systematic variation in contagion of interactive behavior in relation to a gradient of social tolerance.</p>
Affiliation history and age similarity predict alliance formation in adult male bottlenose dolphins
Male alliances are an intriguing phenomenon in the context of reproduction since, in most taxa, males compete over an indivisible resource, female fertilization. Adult male bottlenose dolphins (<i>Tursiops aduncus</i>) in Shark Bay, Western Australia, form long-term, multi-level alliances to sequester estrus females. These alliances are therefore critical to male reproductive success. Yet, the long-term processes leading to the formation of such complex social bonds are still poorly understood. To identify the criteria by which male dolphins form social bonds with other males, we adopted a long-term approach by investigating the ontogeny of alliance formation. We followed the individual careers of 59 males for 14 years while they transitioned from adolescence (8-14 years of age) to adulthood (15-21 years old). Analyzing their genetic relationships and social associations in both age groups, we found that the vast majority of social bonds present in adolescence persisted through time. Male associations in early life predict alliance partners as adults. Kinship patterns explained associations during adolescence but not during adulthood. Instead, adult males associated with males of similar age. Our findings suggest that social bonds among peers, rather than kinship, play a central role in the development of adult male polyadic cooperation in dolphins.
Data from: Limited evidence for third party affiliation during development in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)
Examining the ontogeny of conflict-mitigating behaviors in our closest living relatives is an important component of understanding the evolutionary origins of cooperation in our species. In this study, we used 26 years of data to investigate the emergence of third party affiliation (TPA), defined as affiliative contact given to recipients of aggression by uninvolved bystanders (regardless of initiation), in wild immature eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) of Gombe National Park, Tanzania. We also characterized TPA by mothers in the same dataset as an adult benchmark for interpreting immature TPA patterns. In summary, we found that immatures did not express TPA as measured by grooming between the ages of 1.5 - 12.0 years and that there was limited evidence that immatures expressed TPA via play. We also found that mothers did express TPA to offspring, although mothers did not show TPA towards non-offspring. Cases of TPA by mothers to other adults were too few to analyze separately. These results contrast with findings from captive studies which found that chimpanzees as young as 6 years of age demonstrated TPA. We argue that within-species variation in the expression of TPA, both in immatures and adulthood, provides evidence that the conflict management behaviors of young chimpanzees may be heavily influenced by social, ecological, and demographic factors.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.