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94 results for “alfalfa”

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dryad36/100

Environmental impacts on diapause and survival of the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata

Megachile rotundata exhibits a facultative prepupal diapause but the cues regulating diapause initiation are not well understood. Possible cues include daylength and temperature. Megachile rotundata females experience changing daylengths over the nesting season that may influence diapause incidence in their offspring through a maternal effect. Juvenile M. rotundata spend their developmental period confined in a nesting cavity, potentially subjected to stressful temperatures that may affect diapause incidence and survival. To estimate the impact of daylength and nest cavity temperature on offspring diapause, we designed a 3D printed box with iButtons that measured nest cavity temperature. We observed nest building throughout the season, monitored nest cavity temperature, and followed offspring through development to measure diapause incidence and mortality. We found that daylength was a cue for diapause, and nest cavity temperature did not influence diapause incidence. Eggs laid during long days had a lower probability of diapause. Siblings tended to have the same diapause status, explaining a lot of the remaining variance in diapause incidence. Some females established nests that contained both diapausing and nondiapausing individuals, which were distributed throughout the nest. Nest cavities reached stressful temperatures, which decreased survival. Mortality was significantly higher in nondiapausing bees and the individuals that were laid first in the nest. In conclusion, we demonstrate a maternal effect for diapause that is mediated by daylength and is independent of nest box temperature.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Alfalfa genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping population (184 F1) derived from cultivars 3010 (cold-tolerant) as female parent and CW 100 (cold-sensitive) as male parent were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Polymorphic SNPs unique to either 3010 (AB x AA) or CW 1010 (AA x AB) were identified as single dose allele (SDA) markers and used to generate the genetic linkage maps. Two sets of linkage maps, a set for each parent, were used to map the traits and the QTL were identified. With the genotyping and phenotyping informations we were able to map various alfalfa traits such as fall dormancy, winter-hardiness, freezing tolerance, flowering time, yield and leaf-rust resistance. The raw sequence data were deposited at NCBI SRA with the accession number SRP150116. This study identified several genomic regions and associated markers that can be further utilized in marker-assisted breeding to improve the alfalfa.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

dryad36/100

The number of glyphosate resistant seeds produced by each of three bee species as they visit alfalfa flowers in sequence during a foraging bout

Since the release of genetically engineered (GE) crops, there has been increased concern about the introduction of GE genes into non-GE fields of a crop and their spread to feral or wild cross-compatible relatives. More recently, attention has been given to the differential impact of distinct pollinators on gene flow, with the goal of developing isolation distances associated with specific managed pollinators. To examine the differential impact of bee species on gene movement, we quantified the relationship between the probability of getting a GE seed in a pod, and the order in which a flower was visited, or the cumulative distance traveled by a bee in a foraging bout. We refer to these relationships as 'seed curves' and compare these seeds curves among three bee species. The experiments used Medicago sativa L. plants carrying three copies of the glyphosate resistance (GR) allele as pollen donors (M. sativa is a tetraploid), such that each pollen grain carried the GR allele, and conventional plants as pollen recipients. Different foraging metrics, including the number of GR seeds produced over a foraging bout, were also quantified and contrasted among bee species. The lowest number of GR seeds set per foraging bout, and the GR seeds set at the shortest distances, were produced following leafcutting bee visits. In contrast, GR seeds were found at the longest distances following bumble bee visits. Values for honey bees were intermediate. The ranking of bee species based on seed curves correlated well with field-based gene flow estimates. Thus, differential seed curves of bee species, which describe patterns of seed production within foraging bouts, translated into distinct abilities of bee species to move genes at a landscape level. Bee behavior at a local scale (foraging bout) helps predict gene flow and the spread of GE genes at the landscape scale.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

dryad36/100