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60 results for “allopatric speciation”
FIGURE 3 in A molecular phylogenetic study on South Korean Tettigonia species (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) using five genetic loci: The possibility of multiple allopatric speciation
FIGURE 3. Neighbor-joining tree inferred from the concatenated dataset of all five genetic loci: CO1, CO2, ND1, TA1, and ITS2. Neighbor-joining (left) and parsimony (right) bootstrap values are indicated above internodes; Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown below internodes.
FIGURE 2 in A molecular phylogenetic study on South Korean Tettigonia species (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) using five genetic loci: The possibility of multiple allopatric speciation
FIGURE 2. Neighbor-joining (A), parsimony (B), and Bayesian inference (C) trees inferred from the combined dataset of three mtDNA loci (CO1 + CO2 + ND1). Numbers next to nodes are bootstrap or posterior probability values.
FIGURE 1 in A molecular phylogenetic study on South Korean Tettigonia species (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) using five genetic loci: The possibility of multiple allopatric speciation
FIGURE 1. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree of each mtDNA gene analysis: (A) CO1, (B) CO2, (C) ND1. Numbers next to nodes are bootstrap values. Numbers on arrows are genetic differences between two clusters.
Figure 13 in A highly polymorphic South American collared lizard (Tropiduridae: Tropidurus) reveals that open-dry refugia from South-western Amazonia staged allopatric speciation
Figure 13. Distribution of Tropidurus madeiramamore and Tropidurus oreadicus. Top map shows the fully allopatric range of the species. Tropidurus oreadicus is a typical Cerrado endemic, with distribution advancing northwards through the Tocantins River Basin. Bottom map is a blown-up view of the area delimited by the dashed rectangle in the top map. It shows the distribution of T. madeiramamore in savannah enclaves of the state of Rondônia, in addition to unconfirmed records of this species in the states of Amazonas and Acre (indicated by numbers 1–6), originally published by Ribeiro-Júnior (2015) as pertaining to 'T. oreadicus'. Locality names: (1) Parque Estadual do Guariba, Novo Aripuanã, Amazonas; (2) Arredores da Fazenda Passo Formoso, Manicoré, região do Rio dos Marmelos, Amazonas; (3) Rodovia do Estanho, região do Rio dos Marmelos, Manicoré, Amazonas, Brazil; (4) BR-319 km 620, Puruzinho, Amazonas; (5) Lábrea, Amazonas, Brazil; and (6) Porto Acre, Acre. Refer to the Supporting Information (File S18) for a full list of geographical coordinates associated with the distribution records shown in the maps.
Figure 12 in A highly polymorphic South American collared lizard (Tropiduridae: Tropidurus) reveals that open-dry refugia from South-western Amazonia staged allopatric speciation
Figure 12. Preserved holotype of Tropidurus oreadicus (adult male, MZUSP 9465). A, dorsal body. B, lateral body. C, ventral body. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Figure 10 in A highly polymorphic South American collared lizard (Tropiduridae: Tropidurus) reveals that open-dry refugia from South-western Amazonia staged allopatric speciation
Figure 10. Preserved holotype of Tropidurus madeiramamore (adult male, MZUSP 107155). A, dorsal body. B, lateral body. C, ventral body. Scale bar: 1 cm.
Figure 9 in A highly polymorphic South American collared lizard (Tropiduridae: Tropidurus) reveals that open-dry refugia from South-western Amazonia staged allopatric speciation
Figure 9. Dorsal head, lateral head, and ventral head of the preserved holotypes of Tropidurus madeiramamore (adult male, MZUSP 107155; A–C) and Tropidurus oreadicus (MZUSP 9465; D–F). Scale bar: 1 cm.
Figure 4 in A highly polymorphic South American collared lizard (Tropiduridae: Tropidurus) reveals that open-dry refugia from South-western Amazonia staged allopatric speciation
Figure 4. Maximum clade credibility tree showing the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times (median heights) between tropidurid species inferred using BEAST. At the bottom left are shown male (MZUSP 107245) and female (MZUSP 107242) specimens of Tropidurus madeiramamore from Jaci-Paraná, Porto Velho, Rondônia. Abbreviation: PP, posterior probability.
Figure 6 in A highly polymorphic South American collared lizard (Tropiduridae: Tropidurus) reveals that open-dry refugia from South-western Amazonia staged allopatric speciation
Figure 6. Scatterplots of PC1 and PC2 generated by the principal component analyses and LD1 and LD2 generated by the linear discriminant analyses performed on morphometric variables of males (A, C) and females (B, D). See Table 6 for corresponding summary statistics.
Figure 8. MAXENT distribution models produced for Tropidurus madeiramamore. A, present. B, Holocene. C in A highly polymorphic South American collared lizard (Tropiduridae: Tropidurus) reveals that open-dry refugia from South-western Amazonia staged allopatric speciation
Figure 8. MAXENT distribution models produced for Tropidurus madeiramamore. A, present. B, Holocene. C, Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). D, Last Interglacial (LIG).
Figure 3 in A highly polymorphic South American collared lizard (Tropiduridae: Tropidurus) reveals that open-dry refugia from South-western Amazonia staged allopatric speciation
Figure 3. Nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenetic trees produced for Tropiduridae. As shown in the total evidence tree (Fig. 2), Tropidurus from savannah enclaves from Rondônia (Tropidurus madeiramamore) and Tropidurus oreadicus are inferred as distantly related phylogenetically. Non-parametric bootstrap values (1000 replicates) shown associated with branches.
Figure 11 in A highly polymorphic South American collared lizard (Tropiduridae: Tropidurus) reveals that open-dry refugia from South-western Amazonia staged allopatric speciation
Figure 11. Tropidurus madeiramamore and Tropidurus oreadicus in life. A, B, general and ventral views of the holotype of T. madeiramamore (MZUSP 107155). C, D, general and ventral views of the allotype of T. madeiramamore (MZUSP 107158). E, juvenile of T. madeiramamore (MZUSP 107267) from the margin of the Madeira River near the Museu da Estrada de Ferro Madeira-Mamoré (EFMM), Porto Velho. F, general view of a topotype of T. oreadicus (MTR 33325) from Primeira Cachoeira do Rio Urucuia, Buritis, Minas Gerais, Brazil (16°05ʹ49.3080″S, 46°14ʹ57.9840″W). Photograph F is by courtesy of M. A. Sena.
Figure 1 in A highly polymorphic South American collared lizard (Tropiduridae: Tropidurus) reveals that open-dry refugia from South-western Amazonia staged allopatric speciation
Figure 1. Localities sampled by A.L.G.C. and R.C.B.P. during fieldwork in the State of Rondônia, Brazil, between 14 and 27 November 2017, for collection of Tropidurus Wied, 1845. P. E. Vanzolini and L. J. Vitt originally sampled sites 2, 3, and 5 during their studies of the herpetofauna of the state of Rondônia in the early 1980s (for details, see Vanzolini 1986, Vitt 1993). Full locality names: (1) inselberg 'Pedrona da [linha] 10', Cacoal; (2) rock outcrops ~3.5 km west of Santa Cruz da Serra, Jaru; (3) rock outcrops on the southern outskirts of Ariquemes; (4) rock outcrops on the margin of highway BR-364, Itapuã do Oeste; (5) Floresta Nacional (FLONA) Jamari, Itapuã do Oeste (= Vila de Santa Bárbara); (6) margin of the Madeira River near the Museu da Estrada de Ferro Madeira-Mamoré (EFMM), Porto Velho; (7) Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho; (8) rock outcrops in Jaci-Paraná, Porto Velho; (9) top of Serra dos Parecis, Guajará-Mirim. Refer to the Supporting Information (File S1) for the geographical coordinates of the specimens sampled in each locality.
FIGURE 7 in A case of allopatric speciation in the Central System (Iberian Peninsula): Leistus elpis sp. nov., a sibling species of Leistus constrictus (Coleoptera Carabidae)
FIGURE 7. Leistus (Leistus) constrictus from Sierra de Guadarrama, details of male genitalia from Canchal del Arroyo Najarra: a) median lobe in left lateral view; b) apex of the median lobe in anterior view; c) median lobe in dorsal view; d) left paramere; e) right paramere; f) ring sclerite. Median lobe in dorsal view: g) from Majada Conejo; i) from Canchal El Paredón. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 6 in A case of allopatric speciation in the Central System (Iberian Peninsula): Leistus elpis sp. nov., a sibling species of Leistus constrictus (Coleoptera Carabidae)
FIGURE 6. Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) plot of the biometrical characteristics of Leistus (Leistus) constrictus from Sierra de Guadarrama and Leistus (Leistus) elpis sp. nov. from Sierra de Ayllón. A square inside each dispersion polygon represents the centroid; i.e., the hypothetical middle individual of each sample.
FIGURE 1 in A case of allopatric speciation in the Central System (Iberian Peninsula): Leistus elpis sp. nov., a sibling species of Leistus constrictus (Coleoptera Carabidae)
FIGURE 1. Map of the distribution of Leistus (Leistus) constrictus and Leistus (Leistus) elpis sp. nov. Names of the localities and numbers of sampled specimens by location mentioned in this paper.
FIGURE 5 in A case of allopatric speciation in the Central System (Iberian Peninsula): Leistus elpis sp. nov., a sibling species of Leistus constrictus (Coleoptera Carabidae)
FIGURE 5. Female genitalia. Leistus (Leistus) elpis sp. nov. from Las Aleguillas-Cerro Gordo, Martín Muñoz de Ayllón: a) genital shield and spermathecal complex in dorsal view; b) spermathecal complex in left lateral view; c) genital shield in ventral view; d) gonocoxite and gonosubcoxite in internal side view. Leistus (Leistus) constrictus from Puerto de Navacerrada: e) spermathecal complex in dorsal view. Abbreviation: bur, bursa copulatrix; du, spermathecal duct; gcox, IX gonocoxite; gsub, IX gonosubcoxite; lat, IX laterotergite; ov, odd oviduct; scl.h, sclerite helmintoide; spm, spermatheca; va, vagina.
FIGURE 8 in Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies
FIGURE 8. Male pigmentation of A) Etheostoma rupestre rupestre—47 mm SL, Cottondale Creek, County Road 32, Tuscaloosa, Alabama (photo by K. Boone), B) E. r. piersoni—61 mm SL, Chilatchee Creek, Highway 5, 1 mile north of Alberta, Alabama (photo by K. Boone), and C) E. r. uphapeense—45 mm SL, Opintlocco Creek, County Highway 20, ~3 miles East of Tuskegee, Alabama (Photo by B. Hilburn).
FIGURE 6 in Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies
FIGURE 6. Biplot of first and second principal components from Procrustes coordinates generated from geometric morphometric analysis of Etheostoma rupestre subspecies (n = 45; PC1 = 24.5% variance explained, PC2 = 18.7% variance explained).
FIGURE 3 in Incipient speciation in allopatric Etheostoma rupestre (Percidae: Etheostomatinae) lineages, with the description of three new subspecies
FIGURE 3. Locations of landmarks used in geometric morphometric analysis on specimens of Etheostoma rupestre (1: nare, 2: nape, 3: first dorsal-fin origin, 4: 9th dorsal spine insertion, 5: second dorsal-fin origin, 6: 7th dorsal ray insertion, 7: posterior insertion of dorsal fin, 8: caudal fin insertion on dorsum, 9: center edge of hypural plate, 10: caudal fin insertion on ventrum, 11: posterior insertion of anal fin, 12: 5th anal fin element, 13: anal fin origin, 14: pelvic fin origin, 15: tip of lower jaw, 16: tip of upper jaw, 17: posterior edge of maxilla, 18: lower pectoral fin insertion, 19: upper pectoral fin insertion.
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