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Figure 8 in Alpine-Himalayan orogeny drove correlated morphological, molecular, and ecological diversification in the Persian dwarf snake (Squamata: Serpentes: Eirenis persicus)

Figure 8. Bayesian inference tree of the members of the Eirenis persicus species group and their relatives. Branch support measures are Bayesian posterior probabilities (×100)/maximum likelihood bootstrap support (the latter value presented only for the E. persicus species group). Abbreviations: PE, E. persicus specimens of the persicus morph with bases of their anterior dorsal scales are darker than the rest of scales; PW, persicus morph with unicoloured dorsal scales; W, walteri morph; nigrofasciatus, nigrofasciatus morph. The scale bar shows the length of branch that represents 3% genetic divergence.

Figure 3 in Alpine-Himalayan orogeny drove correlated morphological, molecular, and ecological diversification in the Persian dwarf snake (Squamata: Serpentes: Eirenis persicus)

Figure 3. Geographical positions of the different operational taxonomic units (OTUs): eastern OTU (dotted line), western OTU (dashed line), nigrofasciatus OTU (solid line), novum OTU (stars).

Figure 2 in Alpine-Himalayan orogeny drove correlated morphological, molecular, and ecological diversification in the Persian dwarf snake (Squamata: Serpentes: Eirenis persicus)

Figure 2. All available distribution records of the Eirenis persicus species group. Circles indicate the E. persicus specimens, with the persicus morph bearing unicoloured dorsal scales; squires indicate specimens from eastern Iran, southern Turkmenistan, and southern and western Pakistan, having both persicus morph that base of their anterior dorsal scales are darker, and walteri morph; stars indicate specimens referred to Eirenis mcmahoni (Wall, 1911); plus symbols indicate specimens in north-eastern Pakistan, having both persicus morphs that base of their anterior dorsal scales are darker, and with walteri morph; asterisks indicate specimens with the novum pattern; triangles indicate specimens of the nigrofasciatus morph. Circle 29 indicates the type locality of Cyclophis persicus Anderson, 1872; squire 2 indicates the type locality of Pseudocyclophis walteri Boettger, 1888; squire 7 indicates the type locality of Contia zebrina Wall, 1923; triangle 6 indicates the type locality of Contia persica var. nigrofasciata Nikolsky, 1907; star 3 indicates the type locality of Contia angusticeps Boulenger, 1894; plus symbols 2–5 indicate the type series localities of Contia mcmahoni Wall, 1911. For more details, see Appendix 1.

Figure 1 in Alpine-Himalayan orogeny drove correlated morphological, molecular, and ecological diversification in the Persian dwarf snake (Squamata: Serpentes: Eirenis persicus)

Figure 1. Different morphs of the Eirenis persicus species group: A, persicus morph from Dasht-e Arjan, Fars province, south-western Iran (photo by F. Hidary); B, walteri morph from Dehbakri, Kerman province, south-eastern Iran (photo by R. Nazarov); C, new morph from Sisakht, Yasuj province, central Zagros mountains, Iran (photo by H. Esmaeili); D, persicus morph from Kafir Kot, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan (photo by R. Masroor); E, nigrofasciatus morph from Dezful, Khuzestan province, south-western Iran (photo by F. Hidary).

Figure 14 in Alpine-Himalayan orogeny drove correlated morphological, molecular, and ecological diversification in the Persian dwarf snake (Squamata: Serpentes: Eirenis persicus)

Figure 14. Dorsal body (A), dorsal head (B), and lateral head (C) view of the holotype of Eirenis (Pseudocyclophis) occidentalis sp. nov.

publicJan 2020View details →

Data from: Genetic, morphological and ecological variation across a sharp hybrid zone between two alpine butterflies species

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publicMar 2014View details →

Data from: Genetic drift linked to heterogeneous landscape and ecological specialization drives diversification in the Alpine endemic columbine Aquilegia thalictrifolia

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publicMay 2019View details →

Data from: Ecological gradients drive insect wing loss and speciation: the role of the alpine treeline

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publicMay 2011View details →

Data from: Ecology and life history affect different aspects of the population structure of 27 high-alpine plants

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Fig. 3 in Desoria calderonis sp. nov., a new species of alpine cryophilic springtail (Collembola: Isotomidae) from the Apennines (Italy), with phylogenetic and ecological considerations

Fig. 3. Desoria calderonis sp. nov. A. Leg I, left; upper and lower subcoxa, coxa and trochanter. B. Leg II, left; upper and lower subcoxa, coxa and trochanter. C. Leg III, left; upper and lower subcoxa, coxa and trochanter. D. Ventral side of furca. E. Dorsal side of furca. F. Retinaculum. G. Mucro and apical part of dens, lateral and dorsal views. H. Lateral part of Abd. IV–V sternites. I. Tita III and Claw III.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

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Drivers of intraspecific differentiation of the alpine cold tolerant herb Notopterygium oviforme: the roles of isolation by distance and ecological factors

Determining the driver mechanisms of phenotypic and genetic divergence of species have long been the central topic in evolutionary biology. However, the relative roles of isolation by distance (IBD) and environment factors in contributing to species divergence is largely undetermined in perennial herbs in East Asia. In this study, we collected population genetic samples of a cold-tolerant perennial herb Notopterygium oviforme in central China. We integrated the population transcriptomes, whole chloroplast genomes, genotyping-by-sequencing, microsatellite markers and ecological environment factors to determine the relative contributions of geography, climatic and soil factors on genetic, chemical and phenotypic trait divergence. The clearly genetic distinction was identified between the west Qinling (WQ) and east Qinling Mountains (EQ) geographical groups within N. oviforme. Interestingly, the two groups have existed the obviously niche conservatism, which might have caused the similarity of most leaf functional traits. Multiple matrix regression with randomization analysis showed that the spatial pattern of intraspecific divergence mainly resulted from effect of IBD, not isolation by environment. Meanwhile, transcriptomic expression divergence and some ecological factors have played the key roles in differentiation of intraspecific lineage. Approximate Bayesian Computation showed that both lineages have experienced the historically population expansion, and the recent range contraction. Molecular dating suggested that the intraspecific divergence was closely associated with the dramatically uplifts of the Qinling Mountains in East Asia. These results demonstrated that the geography, geological and environmental factors together shaped the cryptic intraspecific diversification and population dynamics shifts of perennial cold tolerant herb.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

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Alpine viper in changing climate: thermal ecology and prospects of a cold-adapted reptile in the warming Mediterranean

In a rapidly changing thermal environment, reptiles are primarily dependent on in situ adaptation because of their limited ability to disperse and the restricted opportunity to shift their ranges or evolve. However, the rapid pace of climate change may surpass these adaptation capabilities or elevate energy expenditures. Therefore, understanding the variability in thermal traits at both individual and population scales is crucial, offering insights into reptiles' vulnerability to climate change. We studied the thermal ecology of the endangered Greek meadow viper (Vipera graeca), an endemic venomous snake of fragmented alpine-subalpine meadows above 1600 m of the Pindos mountain range in Greece and Albania, to assess its susceptibility to anticipated changes in the alpine thermal environment. We measured preferred body temperature in artificial thermal gradient, field body temperatures and the availability of environmental temperatures in five populations encompassing the entire geographic range of the species. We found that the preferred body temperature (Tp) differed only between the northernmost and the southernmost populations and increased with female body size but did not depend on sex or the gravidity status of females. Tp increased with latitude but was unaffected by the phylogenetic position of the populations. We also found high accuracy of thermoregulation in V. graeca populations and variation in the thermal quality of habitats throughout the range. The overall effectiveness of thermoregulation was high, indicating that V. graeca successfully achieves its target temperatures and exploits the thermal landscape. Current climatic conditions limit the activity period by an estimated 1278 hours per year, which is expected to increase considerably under future climate change. Restricted time available for thermoregulation, foraging and reproduction will represent a serious threat to the fitness of individuals and the persistence of populations in addition to habitat loss due to mining, tourism or skiing and habitat degradation due to overgrazing in the shrinking mountaintop habitats of V. graeca.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

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Supplementary material 1 from: Balestrini R, Delconte C, Buffagni A, Fumagalli A, Freppaz M, Calvo E, Buzzetti I (2019) Dynamic of nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon in an alpine forested catchment: atmospheric deposition and soil solution trends. In: Mazzocchi MG, Capotondi L, Freppaz M, Lugliè A, Campanaro A (Eds) Italian Long-Term Ecological Research for understanding ecosystem diversity and functioning. Case studies from aquatic, terrestrial and transitional domains. Nature Conservation 34: 41-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.34.30738

: Data type: statistical data

opencc-zeroMay 2019View details →

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Drivers of intraspecific differentiation of the alpine cold tolerant herb Notopterygium oviforme: the roles of isolation by distance and ecological factors

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publicAug 2022View details →

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Fig. 1 in Reconciling ecological and phytogeographical spatial boundaries to clarify the limits of the montane and alpine regions of sub-Sahelian Africa

Fig. 1. The most prominent high elevation areas of the Afromontane region in sub-Sahelian Africa (A–X) as well as the location of the Cape Floristic Region (Y). Adapted from Hedberg (1994), Carbutt and Edwards (2001) and Wesche et al. (2008). The Great Rift is represented by B–N, Q–U; the Albertine Rift is represented by O and P; and the Great Escarpment is represented by V–X. Key to abbreviations: A, Mount Cameroon, Cameroon (4040 m); B–K, Ethiopian Highlands (north-east Africa, Ethiopia); B, Simen Mountains (4543 m); C, Mount Guna (4225 m); D, Mount Abuna Yosef (4260 m); E, Mount Choqa (4113 m); F, Mount Abuye Meda (4012 m); G, Mangestu Mountains (4072 m); H, Mount Bada (4036 m); I, Mount Kaka (4200 m); J, Bale Mountains (4377 m); K, Mount Guge (4203 m); L, Mount Elgon, Kenya/Uganda (4315 m); M, Mount Kenya, Kenya (5199 m); N, Aberdare Mountains, Kenya (3994 m); O, Rwenzori Mountains, Democratic Republic of Congo/Uganda (5109 m); P, Virunga Mountains, Democratic Republic of Congo/Rwanda/Uganda (4507 m); Q, Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania (5895 m); R, Mount Hanang, Tanzania (3417 m); S, Mount Meru, Tanzania (4565 m); T, Nyika Plateau, Malawi (2605 m); U, Mount Mulanje, Malawi (3002 m); V, Mount Nyangani, Zimbabwe (2592 m); W, Chimanimani Mountains, Mozambique/Zimbabwe (2440 m); X, Drakensberg Alpine Centre, Lesotho/South Africa (3482 m) bisecting the northeastern escarpment (X1) and the south-eastern escarpment (X2); Y, Cape Floristic Region.

opennotspecifiedMay 2015View details →

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Figure 7 in Alpine-Himalayan orogeny drove correlated morphological, molecular, and ecological diversification in the Persian dwarf snake (Squamata: Serpentes: Eirenis persicus)

Figure 7. Deformation wireframe showing shape variation (in dark blue) from consensus (in light blue), across the first principal component, on the value equal to the 0.04 scale factor (A) and the −0.04 scale factor (B).

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Figure 4 in Alpine-Himalayan orogeny drove correlated morphological, molecular, and ecological diversification in the Persian dwarf snake (Squamata: Serpentes: Eirenis persicus)

Figure 4. Landmarks that were used on the intersection of dorsal head scales in Eirenis. For detailed definitions of each landmark see Appendix 2.