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58 results for “alpine grasslands”
Herbivore exclusion stabilizes alpine grassland biomass production across spatial scales
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Active restoration of degraded alpine grassland weakens mineral-associated soil organic carbon retention
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Dataset for: Asymmetric response of aboveground and belowground temporal stability to nitrogen and phosphorus addition in a Tibetan alpine grassland
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Historical context modifies plant diversity–community productivity relationships in alpine grassland
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Data from: Plant biodiversity responds more strongly to climate warming and anthropogenic activities than microbial biodiversity in the Qinghai-Tibetan alpine grasslands
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The functioning of alpine grassland ecosystems: climate outweighs plant species richness
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Pollen limitation and context-dependent alleviating mechanisms in a co-flowering alpine grassland community
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Data from: Synergistic effects of nitrogen and CO2 enrichment on alpine grassland biomass and community structure
<p>Global environmental change is altering Earth's ecosystems. However, much research has focused on ecosystem-level responses, and we know substantially less about community-level responses to global change stressors.<br> <br> Here we conducted a 6-year field experiment in a high-altitude (4600 m above sea level) alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau to explore the effects of nitrogen (N) addition and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration on plant communities.<br> <br> Our results showed that N and CO2 enrichment had synergistic effects on alpine grassland communities. Adding nitrogen or CO2 alone did not alter total community biomass, species diversity, or community composition, whereas adding both resources together increased community biomass, reduced species diversity, and altered community composition. The observed decline in species diversity under simultaneous N and CO2 enrichment was associated with greater community biomass and lower soil water content, and driven by the loss of species characterized simultaneously by tall stature and small specific leaf area.<br> <br> Our findings point to the co-limitation of alpine plant community biomass and structure by nitrogen and CO2, emphasizing the need for future studies to consider multiple aspects of global environmental change together to gain a more complete understanding of their ecological consequences.</p>
Data from: Competitor or facilitator? The ambiguous role of alpine grassland for the early establishment of tree seedlings at treeline
Alpine treelines are expected to move upslope with a warming climate. However, so far treelines have responded inconsistently and future shifts remain difficult to predict since many factors unrelated to temperature, such as biotic interactions, affect responses at the local scale. Especially during the earliest regeneration stages, trees can be strongly influenced by alpine vegetation via both competition and facilitation. We aimed to understand the relative importance of these two types of interaction in different vegetation structures for treeline regeneration dynamics. Effects of herbaceous alpine vegetation on seedling emergence and first-year performance were studied in a field experiment in the French Alps (2100 m a.s.l.) with five important European treeline tree species: Larix decidua, Picea abies, Pinus cembra, Pinus uncinata and Sorbus aucuparia. Total emergence and locally-germinated seedling survival were not affected, but for seedlings planted at two months of age, negative vegetation impacts dominated for all response parameters: first-year survival, growth and carbohydrate accumulation. However, in the winter half-year, evergreen tree seedlings increased carbohydrate reserves under the protection of senescent herbs. Also, responses of locally-germinated seedlings suggest facilitative vegetation effects in the first two months after emergence. Thus, the interaction switched between competition and facilitation according to ontogenetic stage and seasons. Still, the net outcome after one year was negative, but species differed in their susceptibilities. Because initial establishment is the first bottleneck determining whether treelines remain stable or move upslope, understanding establishment, including site-, life-stage and species-specific processes, is essential for understanding observed treeline spatial patterns and dynamics. When developing predictive models of treeline dynamics, all these 'local' aspects should be incorporated in addition to more global drivers like changes in temperature.
Data from: Contrasting microbial biogeographical patterns between anthropogenic subalpine grasslands and natural alpine grasslands
The effect of plant species composition on soil microbial communities was studied at the multiregional level. We compared the soil microbial communities of alpine natural grasslands dominated by Carex curvula and anthropogenic subalpine pastures dominated by Nardus stricta. We conducted paired sampling across the Carpathians and the Alps and used Illumina sequencing to reveal the molecular diversity of soil microbes. We found that bacterial and fungal communities exhibited contrasting regional distributions and that the distribution in each grassland is well discriminated. Beta diversity of microbial communities was much higher in C. curvula grasslands due to a marked regional effect. The composition of grassland-type core microbiomes suggest that C. curvula, and N. stricta to a lesser extent, tend to select a cohort of microbes related to antibiosis/exclusion, pathogenesis and endophytism. We discuss these findings in light of the postglacial history of the studied grasslands, the habitat connectivity and the disturbance regimes. Human-induced disturbance in the subalpine belt of European mountains has led to homogeneous soil microbial communities at large biogeographical scales. Our results confirm the overarching role of the dominant grassland plant species in the distribution of microbial communities and highlight the relevance of biogeographical history.
Data from: Modelling plant species distribution in alpine grasslands using airborne imaging spectroscopy
Remote sensing using airborne imaging spectroscopy (AIS) is known to retrieve fundamental optical properties of ecosystems. However, the value of these properties for predicting plant species distribution remains unclear. Here, we assess whether such data can add value to topographic variables for predicting plant distributions in French and Swiss alpine grasslands. We fitted statistical models with high spectral and spatial resolution reflectance data and tested four optical indices sensitive to leaf chlorophyll content, leaf water content and leaf area index. We found moderate added-value of AIS data for predicting alpine plant species distribution. Contrary to expectations, differences between species distribution models (SDMs) were not linked to their local abundance or phylogenetic/functional similarity. Moreover, spectral signatures of species were found to be partly site-specific. We discuss current limits of AIS-based SDMs, highlighting issues of scale and informational content of AIS data.
Distances, climatic differences, and vegetation similarities of alpine grasslands in Europe
<p>The importance of environmental difference among sites and dispersal limitations of species to the explanation of diversity differs among biological systems and geographical regions. We hypothesized that climate and then dispersal limitation will predominantly explain the similarity of alpine vegetation at increasing distances between pairs of regions at sub-continental extent. We computed the similarity of all pairs of 23 European mountain regions below 50°N after dividing the species lists of each region by calcareous or siliceous substrates. Distance decay in similarity was better fitted by a cubic polynomial than a negative exponential function, and the fit was better on calcareous than on siliceous substrate. Commonality analysis revealed that the proportion of explanation of beta diversity by climatic difference had unimodal patterns on a gradient of increasing distance between regions, while explanation by dispersal limitation had consistently rising patterns on both substrates. On siliceous substrate, dispersal limitation explained more of the variation in beta-diversity only at longer distances, but it was predominant at all distances on calcareous substrate. The steeper response to distance at <1600 km and >2600 km may indicate dispersal limitation at different temporal scales, and the uptick in the response to distance at the longest distances may reflect how isolated some regions have been before and since the Last Glacial Maximum.</p>
Distribution. Mt Cameroon, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, Equatorial Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100- 130 mm, tail 110-147 mm, ear 16-20 mm, hindfoot 21-25 mm; weight 27-62 g. Fur of the Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is dark rufous-brown to blackish brown above and pale to dark gray below. Tail is very long (c.112% of head-body length) and dark. Hindfeet and forefeet are dark brown. Females have three pairs of nipples. Habitat. Montane forest and alpine grassland at elevations above 1000 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Gestation lasts 26-30 days. Litters have 2-6 young. Activity patterns. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is nocturnal and terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse occurs in two disjunct areas occupying only ¢.2900 km? and the extent and quality of its forest habitat continue to decline. Bibliography. Eisentraut (1970, 1973), Happold (2013a), Missoup et al. (2012), Monadjem etal. (2015). in Muridae
Distribution. Mt Cameroon, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, Equatorial Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100- 130 mm, tail 110-147 mm, ear 16-20 mm, hindfoot 21-25 mm; weight 27-62 g. Fur of the Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is dark rufous-brown to blackish brown above and pale to dark gray below. Tail is very long (c.112% of head-body length) and dark. Hindfeet and forefeet are dark brown. Females have three pairs of nipples. Habitat. Montane forest and alpine grassland at elevations above 1000 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Gestation lasts 26-30 days. Litters have 2-6 young. Activity patterns. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is nocturnal and terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse occurs in two disjunct areas occupying only ¢.2900 km? and the extent and quality of its forest habitat continue to decline. Bibliography. Eisentraut (1970, 1973), Happold (2013a), Missoup et al. (2012), Monadjem etal. (2015).
On following pages: 250. Greater Small-toothed Rat (Macruromys major); 251. De Vis's Woolly Rat (Mallomys aroaensis); 252. Alpine Woolly Rat (Mallomys gunung); 253. Subalpine Woolly Rat (Mallomys istapantap); 254. Rothschild's Woolly Rat (Mallomys rothschildi); 255. Highland Mosaic-tailed Rat (Mammelomys lanosus); 256. Lowland Mosaic-tailed Rat (Mammelomys rattoides); 257. Short-tailed Talaud Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys caurinus); 258. Long-tailed Talaud Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys talaudium); 259. Dusky Seram Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys aerosus); 260. Manusela Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys fraterculus); 261. Seram Long-tailed Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys fulgens); 262. ObiIsland Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys obiensis); 263. Pavel's Seram Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys pavel)); 264. Rossel Island Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys arcium); 265. Bannister''s Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys bannisteri); 266. Fawn-footed Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys cervinipes); 267. Yamdena Island Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys cooperae); 268. Dollman's Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys dollmani); 269. Snow Mountains Grassland Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomysfrigicola); 270. Riama Island Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys howi); 271. White-bellied Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys leucogaster); 272. Papua Grassland Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys lutillus); 273. Manus Island Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys matambuai); 274. Black-tailed Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys rufescens); 275. Bougainville Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys bougainville); 276. Grassland Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys burton); 277. Cape York Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys capensis). in Muridae
On following pages: 250. Greater Small-toothed Rat (Macruromys major); 251. De Vis's Woolly Rat (Mallomys aroaensis); 252. Alpine Woolly Rat (Mallomys gunung); 253. Subalpine Woolly Rat (Mallomys istapantap); 254. Rothschild's Woolly Rat (Mallomys rothschildi); 255. Highland Mosaic-tailed Rat (Mammelomys lanosus); 256. Lowland Mosaic-tailed Rat (Mammelomys rattoides); 257. Short-tailed Talaud Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys caurinus); 258. Long-tailed Talaud Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys talaudium); 259. Dusky Seram Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys aerosus); 260. Manusela Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys fraterculus); 261. Seram Long-tailed Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys fulgens); 262. ObiIsland Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys obiensis); 263. Pavel's Seram Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys pavel)); 264. Rossel Island Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys arcium); 265. Bannister''s Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys bannisteri); 266. Fawn-footed Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys cervinipes); 267. Yamdena Island Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys cooperae); 268. Dollman's Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys dollmani); 269. Snow Mountains Grassland Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomysfrigicola); 270. Riama Island Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys howi); 271. White-bellied Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys leucogaster); 272. Papua Grassland Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys lutillus); 273. Manus Island Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys matambuai); 274. Black-tailed Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys rufescens); 275. Bougainville Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys bougainville); 276. Grassland Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys burton); 277. Cape York Mosaic-tailed Rat (Melomys capensis).
Alpine grassland plant dataset
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Figure 1 in Comparative success of two sampling techniques for high-altitude Alpine grassland reptiles under different temporal designs
Figure 1. Schematic representation of the plots' setup in Paneveggio-Pale di San Martino Nature Park.
Improvement and Application of the Parameterization Scheme for Hydrothermal Properties of Rhizosphere Soil in Alpine Grassland
<p>Plant roots signifificantly altered soil hydrothermal properties but was not typically included in land-surface process models. This omission affected the simulation results of soil water content and temperature, particularly on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) where roots in the shallow soil were generally high. Global grassland above-ground biomass carbon data and root distribution model were used to build a geographically distributed, profifiled alpine grassland roots density dataset for the Community Land Model (CLM). The schemes for soil hydrothermal properties were modified to accommodate soil mineral, organic matter and roots. Compared with the original schemes, the new schemes presented an increasing or decreasing trend. The new schemes were verified by single-point, regional offline simulation, and the influence of alpine grassland roots on simulation results on the QTP were explored. The new schemes could effectively block the downward migration of 0-10 cm soil water, which were beneficial to water conservation. The heat storage capacity of 0-10 cm soil increased obviously, and the thermal conductivity showed a certain seasonal change. Therefore, the simulated dry deviation of 0-10 cm soil water content in the new schemes was significantly reduced. The simulated 0-10 cm soil temperature in the new schemes during soil non-freezing was generally lower than the observed, and the simulated cold deviation of this layer during soil freezing was also reduced.</p>
Data for: Ant nests increase litter decomposition to mitigate the negative effect of warming in an alpine grassland ecosystem
<p>Warming can decrease feeding activity of soil organisms and affect biogeochemical cycles in alpine ecosystems. Ants (<em>Formica manchu</em>) are active on their nest surface, and prefer a hot and dry environment. Therefore, warming may provide a favorable environment for their activity. We hypothesized that ants might benefit from warming and increase the robustness of ecosystem functions to warming. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of ant nests (ant nest absence vs. ant nest presence) and warming (ambient temperature, + 1.3°C and + 2.3°C) on litter decomposition, soil properties and the plant community in an alpine grassland ecosystem. Decomposition stations with two mesh sizes were used to differentiate effects of microorganisms (0.05mm) and macroinvertebrate (1cm) to litter decomposition. Ant nests increased litter decomposition with and without macroinvertebrates accessing the decomposition station when compared to plots without ant nests. Only the litter decomposition in ant nests with macroinvertebrates accessing the decomposition station was not negatively affected by warming. Plots with ant nests had greater soil organic carbon, nutrient contents and plant growth than plots without ant nests, regardless of warming. Consequently, ant nests can mitigate the negative effects of warming on litter decomposition and improve ecosystem functions under warming.</p>
Data from: Postglacial determinants of regional species pools in alpine grasslands
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Data from: Synergistic effects of nitrogen and CO2 enrichment on alpine grassland biomass and community structure
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.