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133 results for “altitudinal gradient”
FIG. 6 in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia
FIG. 6. — Community Weighted Means (CWMs) of functional lichen traits along the altitudinal gradient in the Chocó region of Valle del Cauca, Colombia: A, crustose thallus; B, crustose thallus by microhabitat; C, foliose thallus; D, fruticose thallus; E, fruticose thallus by microhabitat; F, rhizines by microhabitat; G, cyanobacterial photobiont; H, vegetative propagules; I, ascoma; J, ascospore septation (septate, muriform and simple); K, thickness of the ascospore wall; L, size of the ascospores.
FIG. 7 in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia
FIG. 7. — Functional diversity along the altitudinal gradient: A, relative Rao Index; B, functional Dominance.
FIG. 4 in Changes in functional and taxonomic diversity and composition of corticolous lichens in an altitudinal gradient in Colombia
FIG. 4. — Scatter plot for the alpha lichen diversity and tree density ratio in each study site in the Chocó region of Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
Figure 1 in Studies of Brazilian birds along altitudinal gradients: a critical review
Figure 1. Map illustrating the locations where altitudinal bird studies were carried out. Primary sources indicated by blue circles, secondary by red circles.
Size of brain, heart, liver, alimentary tract, and kidneys along altitudinal gradients in Asiatic toad
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Data for Context-dependent biotic interactions control plant abundance across altitudinal environmental gradients, 2014, 2016, Colorado, USA
Many biotic interactions influence community structure, yet most distribution models for plants have focused on plant competition or used only abiotic variables to predict plant abundance. Furthermore, biotic interactions are commonly context-dependent across abiotic gradients. For example, plant-plant interactions can grade from competition to facilitation over temperature gradients. We used a hierarchical Bayesian framework to predict the abundances of 12 plant species across a mountain landscape and test hypotheses on the context-dependency of biotic interactions over abiotic gradients. We combined field-based estimates of six biotic interactions (foliar herbivory and pathogen damage, fungal root colonization, fossorial mammal disturbance, plant cover, and plant diversity) with abiotic data on climate and soil depth, nutrients, and moisture. All biotic interactions were significantly context-dependent along temperature gradients. Results supported the stress gradient hypothesis: As abiotic stress increased, the strength or direction of the relationship between biotic variables and plant abundance generally switched from negative (suggesting suppressed plant abundance) to positive (suggesting facilitation/mutualism). For half of the species, plant cover was the best predictor of abundance, suggesting that the prior focus on plant-plant interactions is well-justified. Explicitly incorporating the context-dependency of biotic interactions generated novel hypotheses about drivers of plant abundance across abiotic gradients and may improve the accuracy of niche models.
Dataset: Ideas and perspectives: patterns of soil CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes along an altitudinal gradient - a pilot study from an Ecuadorian neotropical montane forest
<p>These datasets contain data from (i) soil CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4,</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O flux measurements (ii) physicochemical soil properties, and (iii) soil temperature and moisture of four tropical forests located on the western flanks of the Andes in northern Ecuador.</p> <p>A manuscript using these datasets has been submitted to Biogeosciences under the title: <strong><em>"Ideas and perspectives: patterns of soil CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes along an altitudinal gradient - a pilot study from an Ecuadorian neotropical montane forest"</em></strong>.</p>
Data from: Large scale variation in birth timing and synchrony of a large herbivore along the latitudinal and altitudinal gradients
<p>1. Hopkins' Bioclimatic Law predicts geographic patterns in phenological timing by establishing a correspondence between latitudinal and altitudinal gradients. First proposed for key phenological events of plants, such as leaf sprouting or flowering dates, this law has rarely been used to assess the geographical equivalence of key life history traits of mammals.</p> <p>2. We hypothesize that (H1) parturition dates of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) are delayed and more synchronized at higher latitudes and altitudes, (H2) parturition timing varies along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients in a way that matches the Hopkins' Bioclimatic Law, and (H3) females adjust parturition timing to match the period of high energy demand with peak resource availability.</p> <p>3. We used parturition dates of 7,444 European roe deer from Switzerland to assess altitudinal variation in birth timing and synchrony from 288 to 2,366 m a.s.l. We then performed a literature survey to compare altitudinal results with those from different populations along the species' latitudinal range of distribution. Finally, we performed spatial analysis combining our highly resolved altitudinal data on parturition dates with plant phenology data.</p> <p>4. As expected, parturition dates were delayed with increasing latitude and altitude. This delay matched the Bioclimatic Law, as the effect of 1º increase in latitude was similar to 120 m increase in altitude. However, while parturitions were more synchronized with increasing altitude, we did not detect any trend along the latitudinal gradient. Finally, plant phenology explained altitudinal variation in parturition timing better than a linear effect of altitude.</p> <p>5. Our findings clearly demonstrate the ability of a large herbivore to match parturition timing with phenological conditions across the altitudinal gradient, even at the smallest spatial scales. </p>
Supplementary digital data for "Widespread contamination of soils and vegetation with Current Use Pesticide residues along altitudinal gradients in a European Alpine valley"
<p>Supplementary digital data for the publication:</p> <p>Widespread contamination of soils and vegetation with Current Use Pesticide residues along altitudinal gradients in a European Alpine valley</p> <p>Data that was no publicly available but is used for Figure 1 - 3 in the manuscript is provided in this repository in addition to the raw data describing the occurrence in plant and soil matrices throughout the Vinschgau valley along the altitudinal transects.</p> <p> </p>
Divergence in cold tolerance promotes niche differentiation between diploid and polyploid kiwifruits along an altitudinal gradient in Southwest China
<p>Polyploidization is hypothesized to improve the freezing resistance of plants in cold regions. However, adaptive strategies and key physiological mechanisms involved in the freezing resistant ability of polyploids remain unclear. In <em>Actinidia chinensis</em> (kiwifruits), the tetraploids and hexaploids occupy higher altitude habitats with colder climates than the diploids, providing a study system to investigate mechanisms responsible for differentiation in freezing resistance between cytotypes. We characterized environmental conditions of their natural distribution areas, and measured leaf-level traits of cold damages and water relations at typical sites of each cytotype along an altitudinal gradient. Polyploids showed lower semi-lethal temperature (LT<sub>50</sub>) than ice nucleation temperature (INT), reflecting a tolerance strategy to cope with freezing events in the plateau regions. More negative turgor loss points and larger cell elastic modulus of polyploids could help to alleviate damages from freezing-induced cell dehydration, thus strengthening their tolerance to lower subzero temperatures (lower LT<sub>50</sub>). The increased supercooling capacity of polyploids (lower INT) might correlate with less extracellular ice formation due to lower osmotic potential at full turgor, apoplastic water fraction and tissue capacitance. Our study uncovers a greater cold tolerance in polyploid kiwifruits than diploids, and suggests the potential linkage between freezing tolerance and water relations. Taken together, such a divergence in stress resistance may underlie the niche shift of polyploid plants towards harsh environments.</p>
Anthropogenic land‐use change shapes bird diversity along the eastern Himalayan altitudinal gradient
<p>Globally, the conversion of natural forest into agricultural land and human settlement has altered avian diversity and structure often leading to functional and/or phylogenetic homogenisation. While the effects of land-use change on avian functional and phylogenetic diversity is well studied in the tropics, it is poorly understood and scarcely studied in the Himalayas, let alone in the eastern Himalayan bird communities.</p> <p>This dataset comprises observations of 336 bird species from a replicated point-count transect survey conducted between 2019 and 2020 in Bhutan. We used a multispecies occupancy model to estimate occupancy probability while accounting for detection probability. The detection-corrected z-matrix was used to calculate functional and phylogenetic diversity. </p> <p>Our study shows that bird community occupancy along the elevational gradient is negatively associated with human land use (agriculture and settlement). Bird assemblages were functionally and phylogenetically clustered at higher elevations. Agriculture and settlement harboured higher functional and phylogenetic diversity whereas forests had phylogenetically diverse communities within functionally convergent traits.</p> <p>The higher functional and phylogenetic diversity in agriculture and settlement suggests that bird diversity offers an opportunity for a broad range of ecosystem services. Protection of forests abutting human settlements and agriculture will help preserve higher phylogenetic diversity. We recommend that agricultural practices that safeguard and improve bird-friendly habitats should be promulgated. Educational programmes on the importance of the roles of birds should be implemented and integrating bird conservation with farm production will help conserve bird diversity in human-dominated landscapes. To enhance the conservation value of working landscapes in the Himalayas, avitourism can be explored further. </p>
Drivers of Collembola assemblages along an altitudinal gradient in northeast China
<p> The data sets were analyzed during the current study. Data from: Drivers of Collembola assemblages along an altitudinal gradient in northeast China. </p>
Extreme environments filter functionally rich communities of Atlantic Forest treefrogs along altitudinal and latitudinal gradients
<p>Understanding how environmental filtering and biotic interactions structure communities across elevational and latitudinal gradients is still a matter of debate. To provide insight into their relative importance, we explore the mismatch between three dimensions of biodiversity (taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic), and compare their patterns to null models of random community assembly. We focus on a highly diverse tropical group: the tree frogs (hylids) of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. For that, we combined geographic distribution data with phylogenetic and trait information for 158 species to produce maps of the three dimensions of diversity. We show that communities of tree frogs of the Hylidae family tend to have high functional richness along the Atlantic Forest, potentially driven by niche partitioning. However, environmental filtering gains importance in extreme environments, both at high elevations and higher latitudes. In these areas of the forest, clustering of both functional and phylogenetic diversity is observed. Trait overdispersion is found in areas of contact between vegetation types, or of adjacent biomes, reflecting the encounter of amphibian species adapted to distinct environmental conditions and landscape configurations. Considering all three dimensions of diversity along with multiple axes of environmental variation allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the processes shaping amphibian community assembly in this biodiversity hotspot.</p>
Altitudinal gradient of microclimate
<b>Description: </b><p>Microclimate records collected along a gradient of altitude</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/111"><b>Microclimate stratification in modified forests</b></a></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=116">here</a></p><p><b>Files: </b>This consists of 1 file: template-AltitudinalMicroclimate.xlsx</p><p><b>template-AltitudinalMicroclimate.xlsx</b></p><p>This file contains dataset metadata and 2 data tables:</p><ol><li><p><b>Elevation of study sites</b> (described in worksheet SiteElevation)</p><p>Description: Elevation of study sites</p><p>Number of fields: 2</p><p>Number of data rows: 12</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Plot</b>: Location of record (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>Elevation</b>: Altitude of site (Field type: Numeric)</li></ul></li><li><p><b>Altitudinal gradient of microclimate</b> (described in worksheet Data)</p><p>Description: Microclimate records collected along a gradient of altitude</p><p>Number of fields: 6</p><p>Number of data rows: 124901</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Plot</b>: Location of record (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>time</b>: Date and time of record (Field type: Datetime)</li><li><b>Temp</b>: Air temperature 1 m above ground (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>RH</b>: Relative humidity. (Field type: Numeric)</li><li><b>LoggerType</b>: Make of datalogger that was used (Lascar or iButton) (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>LoggerID</b>: Unique reference number for the datalogger (Field type: ID)</li></ul></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2013-06-06 to 2017-05-10</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.6740 to 4.6858</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>117.5357 to 117.5532</p>
Figure 4 in Diversity of Lepidoptera along Altitudinal Gradient in Shola Forest of Kerala, India
Figure 4. Elevation ranges of the Lepidoptera (Pearson Correlation).
Figure 1 in Diversity of Lepidoptera along Altitudinal Gradient in Shola Forest of Kerala, India
Figure 1. Species diversity of Lepidoptera along elevation gradient; H. -Shannon Wiener
Figure 2 in Diversity of Lepidoptera along Altitudinal Gradient in Shola Forest of Kerala, India
Figure 2. Species richness of Lepidoptera along elevation gradient; Marglef index.
Figure 3 in Diversity of Lepidoptera along Altitudinal Gradient in Shola Forest of Kerala, India
Figure 3. Eveness of Lepidoptera along elevation gradient; J. - Pielou's evenness index.
Figure 1 in Altitudinal gradients and species richness: A study on diversity of orthoptera in Nilgiris Shola Forests and Grasslands
Figure 1. Dendrogram showing the similarity of sites in relation to Orthoptera species assemblages.
Figure 6 in Earthworm community structure along altitudinal gradients on the western slopes of Kopaonik Mountain in Serbia
Figure 6. Altitude effect on the abundance of ecological categories.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.