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Figure 3 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 3. Paramytha cf. ossicola, specimen AM W.52208 stained with methyl blue; (A) dorsal view anterior section, scale bar is 0.5 mm; (B) prostomium, scale bar is 0.25 mm; (C) notochaetae, scale bar is 50 μm; (D) lateral view of anterior, scale bar is 50 μm; (E) thoracic uncinus, scalebaris 50 μm.

Figure 1 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 1. Location of the whale fall (white star) trawled off Byron Bay, Australia, during the IN2017_V03 expedition.

Figure 6 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 6. Phylogenyof the Amphinomidaefamily based on Bayesiananalysisof the COI, 16S and 18S gene fragments. Numbersadjacent to nodes indicate posterior probabilities, and taxa for which sequences have been contributed by the present study are indicated in bold. Specimen voucher numbers are given after taxa names.

Figure 8 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 8. Phylogeny of the Ophryotrocha genus based on Bayesian analysis of the 16S gene. Numbersadjacent to nodes indicateposterior probabilities, and taxa for which sequences have been contributed by the present study are indicated in bold. GenBank accession numbers are given after taxa names for the GenBank sequences.

Figure 11 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 11. Microphthalmus sp. (A) Photoofanethanol-preservedspecimen (NHMUKANEA 2022.412–420), scalebaris 0.25 mm; (B) light micrograph of prostomium and three anterior achaetous segments (NHMUK ANEA 2022.434), scale bar is 100 µm; (C, D) light micrographs of parapodium with the prechaetal (C) and postchaetal (D) lobes in focus (NHMUK ANEA 2022.434), scale bars are 50 µm; (E) light micrograph of heterogomph falcigers with different lengths (NHMUK ANEA 2022.434), scale bar is 20 µm; (F) light micrograph of ventral aspect of the posterior end showing anal lamellae (NHMUK ANEA 2022.412–420), scale bar is 100 µm.

Figure 4 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 4. Phylogeny of the Ampharetidae family based on Bayesian analysis of the COI, 16S and 18S gene fragments. Numbers adjacent to nodes indicate posterior probabilities, and taxa for which sequences have been contributed by the present study are indicated in bold. Specimen voucher numbers are given after taxa names.

Figure 27 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 27. Phylogeny of the siboglinid genus Osedax based on Bayesian analysis of a combined dataset of the genes COI, 16S and 18S. Numbers adjacent to nodes indicate posterior probabilities, and taxa for which sequences have been contributed by the present study are indicated in bold. Clades containing individuals with nude, pinnulate or no palps are also highlighted.

Figure 17 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 17 (facing page). Nereis sp., specimen NHMUKANEA 2022.436. (A) Complete preserved specimen, dorsal view, scale bar is 1 mm; (B) detail of prostomium in dorsal view, scale bar is 500 µm; (C) partially everted pharynx, scale bar is 500 µm; (D) anterior parapodium (number 6), scale bar is 250 µm; (E) mid-body parapodium (number 20), scale bar is 250 µm; (F) parapodium from near posterior (number 36), scalebaris 250 µm. G–Q, chaetal types; A–D from 6th parapodium, E–H from 20th parapodium, I–K from 36th parapodium; (G) notopodial homogomph spiniger, scale bar is 25 µm; (H) neuropodial supra-acicular homogomph spiniger, scale bar is 25 µm; (I) neuropodial supra-acicular heterogomph falciger, scale bar is 50 µm; (J) neuropodial sub-acicular heterogomph falciger, scale bar is 25 µm; (K) notochaetal bundle, scale bar is 50 µm; (L) neurochaetal supra-acicular bundle, scale bar is 50 µm; (M) neuropodial sub-acicular heterogomph falcigers, scale bar is 50 µm; (N) neuropodial sub-acicular heterogomph spinigers, scale bar is 50 µm; (O) notopodial homogomph falcigers, scale bar is 50 µm; (P) neuropodial supra-acicular homogomph spinigers, scale bar is 50 µm; (Q) neuropodial sub-acicular heterogomph spinigers and falcigers, scale bar is 50 µm.

Figure 15 in The Annelid Community of a Natural Deep-sea Whale Fall off Eastern Australia

Figure 15 (facing page). Neanthes visicete sp. nov., holotype specimen AMW.53704. (A) Living complete individual, scale bar is 5 mm; (B) detail of prostomium, scale bar is 1 mm; (C) detail of parapodia from middle of body, scale bar is 500 µm; (D) detail of ventral side of pygidium, scale bar is 500 µm; (E) anterior parapodium (number 13), scale bar is 250 µm; (F) mid-body parapodium (number 28), scale bar is 100 µm; (G) parapodium from near posterior (number 67), scale bar is 200 µm; (H) notopodial homogomph spinigers, scale bar is 50 µm; (I) neuropodial homogomph spinigers and homogomph falcigers, dorsal fascicle, scale bar is 50 µm; (J) neuropodial homogomph spinigers and homogomph falcigers, ventral fascicle, scale bar is 50 µm; (K) neuropodial supra-acicular homogomph spinigers, scale bar is 20 µm; (L) neuropodial sub-acicular long and short-bladed spinigers, scale bar is 20 µm. Abbreviations: hos, homogomph spiniger; hof, homogomph falciger.

Figure 4 in The pros and cons of using micro-computed tomography in gross and micro-anatomical assessments of polychaetous annelids

Figure 4. Pharyngeal anatomy of Syllidae: Syllis gracilis (a-c, PTA stained) and Hediste diversicolor (d-h,). Syllis a) section through body showing the proventriculus; b) surface morphology, lines c where transverse section c image taken, line d where transverse section d image taken; c) TS showing pharyngeal tube; d) TS showing proventricle. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Hediste e) surface morphology; f) section through pharynx, lines g and h where transverse section images taken; g) TS through anterior pharynx at level of jaws; h) TS through distal pharynx. TS through pharynx indicates that the pharynx is not symmetrical, particularly in the distal part. Scale bars e, f = 5.00 mm, g,h = 1.00 mm. Images 1a–d were produced using the SkyScan 1172 microtomograph at HCMR at 60kV / 167µA, without a filter, no camera binning, full rotation of 360°, tungsten target. Images i-h were produced using the Nikon metrology HMX ST 225 at the NHM (60 KV, 2 sec exposure, molybdenum target). Abbreviations used:; DLM–dorsal longitudinal muscles; J–jaws; M–mouth; P–pharynx; Pr–prostomium; PO–proventricle; PS–proboscidian sheath; VLM–ventral longitudinal muscles.

Figure 3 in The pros and cons of using micro-computed tomography in gross and micro-anatomical assessments of polychaetous annelids

Figure 3 Pharyngeal anatomy of Hesionidae: Hesiospina similis (a-c, PTA staining); Phyllodocidae: Phyllodoce lineata (d-f, PTA staining) and Nephtyidae Nephtys hombergi (g, Iron stain, h-i, unstained). Hesiospina a) surface morphology showing everted pharynx; b) section through everted pharynx; c) TS showing distal pharynx as indicated by line in b. Phyllodoce d) surface morphology showing everted pharynx; e) section through pharynx; f) TS showing distal pharynx as indicated by line in e. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Nephtys images from three different individuals g) surface morphology showing everted pharynx; h) section showing pharynx but not everted; i) TS of distal pharynx indicated by line in h. Scale bar = 1.00 mm Hesiospina and Phyllodoce have long thin pharynges while Nepthys has a medium lengthed phaynx. Only Nepthys shows the cruciform muscle arrangement in the distal pharynx, in the others the muscles do not appear to form these discrete blocks. Images 3a–f were produced using the SkyScan 1172 microtomograph at HCMR at 60kV / 167µA, without a filter, no camera binning, full rotation of 360°, tungsten target. Images 3g–i were produced using the Nikon metrology HMX ST 225 at the NHM (60 KV, 2 sec exposure, molybdenum target.) Abbreviations used: OPM–outer pharyngeal muscles; P–pharynx; Pr–prostomium; PS–proboscidian sheath; T–teeth; VLM–ventral longitudinal muscle.

Figure 1 in The pros and cons of using micro-computed tomography in gross and micro-anatomical assessments of polychaetous annelids

Figure 1. Transverse sections of Hediste diversicolor after treatment with reversible stains or drying agents. a) Silver stain, the gut and main muscle blocks can be seen but also showing paper material used to stabilise the specimen surrounding the central image (molybdenum target, 131 KV, 354 millisec exposure; b) iron stain, again gut and main muscles can be seen but also ventral blood vessels linking the central ventral blood vessel to the network surrounding the gut (molybdenum target, 131 KV, 500 millisec exposure); c) Iodine shows similar anatomical features as Iron stained material (molybdenum target, 130 KV, 320 millisec exposure); d) Hexamethyldisilizane (HDMS) image shows more clearly the internal anatomy including the ventral blood vessels (molybdenum target, 110 KV, 300 millisec exposure). Scale bar = 1.00 mm. Specimens were scanned using the Nikon metrology HMX ST 225 at the NHM. Abbreviations: Ac–internal paradpodial acicula; DLM–dorsal longitudinal muscle; G–gut; Plc-V–Plexus lateral connective blood vessels; VB–ventral blood vessel; VLM–ventral longitudinal muscles

Figure 2 in The pros and cons of using micro-computed tomography in gross and micro-anatomical assessments of polychaetous annelids

Figure 2. Pharyngeal anatomy of Glyceridae: Glycera tesselata (PTA-staining) (a–c); Pilargidae: Sigambra parva (d–f) and Polynoidae: Lepidonotus clava (g-i). Glycera a) surface morphology showing everted pharynx; b) longitudinal section through everted pharynx; c) transverse section of gut as indicated by line in b); scale bars = 0.5 mm. Sigambra d) surface morphology showing everted morphology; e) longitudinal section through the pharynx; f) transverse section through distal pharynx as indicated by the line in e); scale bars = 0.5 mm. Lepidonotus g) surface morphology showing everted pharynx; h) longitudinal section through pharynx; i) transverse section through distal pharynx as indicated by line in h); scale bar = 1.00 mm. P = pharynx. All three examples show a relatively short axial pharynx approximately as wide as long. The distal part of the pharynx is characterised by distinct muscle blocks which when contracted form a cruciform cross section. Specimens were scanned using the SkyScan 1172 microtomograph at HCMR at 60kV / 167µA, without a filter, no camera binning, full rotation of 360°, tungsten target. Abbreviations used: J–jaws; P–pharynx; PG–poison glands; Pr–prostomium; PS–proboscidian sheath; RM–ring muscle.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2016View details →

Fig. 1. A in Faunistic survey on freshwater annelids from Korea

Fig. 1. A. Ventral chaetae of Paranais orientalis. B. A dorsal chaetal bundle of Prisitna breviseta. C. Ventral chaetae of P. forelii. D. A dorsal chaetal bundle of P. synclites. E. Ventral chaetae of Aulodrilus pluriseta. F. Dorsal chaetae of A. pluriseta. G. A penial sheath of Limnodrilus maumeensis. H. Chaetae of L. amblysetus. I. A dorsal chaetal bundle of Tubifex ignota. J. Dorsal chaetae of Psammoryctides albicola. K. Spermathecal chaetae of Varichaetadrilus vestibulatus. L. Ventral chaetae of Tasserkidrilus cf. acapillatus. Scale bars = AD, G, K, L = 10 μm, E, F = 20 μm, H-J = 1 μm.

Fig. 2 Tomopteris pacifica. Neurogenesis. Confocal maximum projections. A in Development and structure of the anterior nervous system and sense organs in the holopelagic annelid Tomopteris spp. (Phyllodocida, Errantia)

Fig. 2 Tomopteris pacifica. Neurogenesis. Confocal maximum projections. A Early developmental stages are characterized by a large amount of yolk and a prominent prototroch (pt). B At 5 days post-fertilization (dpf), the larval stages possess four pairs of well-developed trunk appendages and a distinct prototroch (pt). Note that the anterior-most appendage (I) is uniramous while all other appendages appear biramous. C Slightly older stages show a well-developed ventral nerve cord (vnc) with outgoing parapodial neurite bundles (pn) innervating the body appendages; serotonergic somata form serial clusters along the ventral nerve cord. D A closer examination of larvae at around 6–7 dpf shows the presence of a prominent nuchal nerve (nn) innervating the nuchal organs and originating from the dorsal part of the larval brain (br). The insert shows the innervation of the nuchal organ.

Fig. 9 in Development and structure of the anterior nervous system and sense organs in the holopelagic annelid Tomopteris spp. (Phyllodocida, Errantia)

Fig. 9 Tomopteris helgolandica. Nuchal organ, details of receptor cells, juvenile, TEM. A Outer part of the olfactory chamber (oc), showing that the epithelium is primarily formed by monociliary sensory dendrites (sd), some with basal bodies (arrows). The olfactory chamber has numerous sensory processes (spr), and vesicle-like structures appearing empty (asterisks). The apical region of dendrites often contains dense cored (arrowheads) and other vesicles. B Sensory dendrite (sd) with very short sensory cilium and shaft branches into microvillus-like structures (arrowhead). C Sensory dendrite sending out a microvillus

Fig.1 Tomopteris pacifica. Developmental stages. SEM images. A in Development and structure of the anterior nervous system and sense organs in the holopelagic annelid Tomopteris spp. (Phyllodocida, Errantia)

Fig.1 Tomopteris pacifica. Developmental stages. SEM images. A Spherical trochophore ca. 48–72-h post-fertilization. B Elongated embryo at ca. 5 days post-fertilization (dpf) with four segments and rudiments of parapodia, Roman numerals refer to segment numbers. C Dorsal view of larva/juvenile at 6–7 dpf showing parapodia formation; note first cirruslike appendage. Nuchal organs (no) visible as cilia semicircles in front of the prototroch (pt). D Ventral view of larva/juvenile at ca. 8–10 dpf. E

Fig. 5 in Development and structure of the anterior nervous system and sense organs in the holopelagic annelid Tomopteris spp. (Phyllodocida, Errantia)

Fig. 5 Tomopteris helgolandica. Tentacular cirrus of juvenile. TEM. A Longitudinal section of the intracellular skeletal element (se) with regular cross striation pattern. B Skeletal element, periodicity, and substructure of the striation pattern. C Process of rod-bearing cells reaching the epithelial surface of the epidermis (arrow). D Gland cell opening at the base of cirrus with a circle of microvilli (arrow). E Group of distal gland cell processes close to opening at the base of cirrus. F Central part of the cirrus formed by numerous neurites cov-

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2018View details →

Orthonectids are highly degenerate annelid worms

<p>These datasets hold the individual alignments and phylogenetic trees (including full PhyloBayes output) presented in our study showing that Mesozoa are polyphyletic and Orthonectida are annelids. A detailed description can be found in the manuscript.</p> <p>Briefly, there is a mitochondrial dataset, the full alignment and PhyloBayes data for the nuclear genes, and lastly several jackknife datasets subsampled from the full alignment and run under different evolutionary models and with different subset of genes.</p>