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69 results for “annual cycle”
Data from: Consequences of breeding system for body condition and survival throughout the annual cycle of tidal marsh sparrows
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Data and code to explore annual cycle schedule adjustments in a long distance migrant
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Data for: Environmental conditions alter behavioural organization and rhythmicity of a large Arctic ruminant across the annual cycle
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Semiannual dormancy cycling results in two seedling cohorts of annual species in the cold desert of Central Asia
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Canalization of seasonal phenology in the presence of developmental variation: seed dormancy cycling in an annual weed
<p>Variation in the developmental timing in one life stage may ramify within and across generations to disrupt optimal phenology of other life stages. By focusing on a common mechanism of developmental arrest in plants-seed dormancy-we investigated how variation in flowering time influenced seed germination behavior and identified potential processes that can lead to canalized germination behavior despite variation in reproductive timing. We quantified effects of reproductive timing on dormancy cycling by experimentally manipulating the temperature during seed maturation and the seasonal timing of seed dispersal/burial, and by assessing temperature-dependent germination of un-earthed seeds over a seasonal cycle. We found that reproductive timing, via both seed-maturation temperature and the timing of dispersal, strongly influenced germination behavior in the weeks immediately following seed burial. However, buried seeds subsequently canalized their germination behavior, after losing primary dormancy and experiencing natural temperature and moisture conditions in the field. After the complete loss of primary dormancy, germination behavior was similar across seed-maturation and dispersal treatments, even when secondary dormancy was induced. Maternal effects themselves may contribute to the canalization of germination: first, by inducing stronger dormancy in autumn-matured seeds, and second by modifying the responses of those seeds to their ambient environment. Genotypes differed in dormancy cycling, with functional alleles of known dormancy genes necessary for the suppression of germination at warm temperatures in autumn through spring across multiple years. Loss of function of dormancy genes abolished almost all dormancy cycling. In summary, effects of reproductive phenology on dormancy cycling of buried seeds were apparent only as long as seeds retained primary dormancy, and a combination of genetically imposed seed dormancy, maternally induced seed dormancy, and secondary dormancy can mitigate variation in germination behavior imposed by variation in reproductive phenology.</p>
Data from: Seasonal differences in baseline innate immune function are better explained by environment than annual cycle stage in a year-round breeding tropical songbird
1. Seasonal variation in innate immunity is often attributed to either temporal environmental variation or to life history trade-offs that arise from specific annual cycle stages but decoupling them is difficult in natural populations. 2. Here, we effectively decouple seasonal environmental variation from annual cycle stage effects by exploiting cross-seasonal breeding and moult in the tropical Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus. We test how annual cycle stage interacts with a key seasonal environmental variable, rainfall, to determine immunity at population and individual level. If immune challenge varies with precipitation, we might expect immune function to be higher in the wet season due to increased environmental productivity. If breeding or moult imposes resource constraints on birds, depending on or independent of precipitation, we might expect lower immune indices during breeding or moult. 3. We sampled blood from 818 birds in four annual cycle stage categories: breeding, moult, simultaneous breeding and moulting, or neither. We quantified indices of innate immunity (haptoglobin, nitric oxide (NOx) and ovotransferrin concentrations, and haemagglutination and haemolysis titres) over two annual cycles of wet and dry seasons. 4. Environment (but not annual cycle stage or interactions between both) explained variation in all immune indices, except NOx. NOx concentration differed between annual cycle stages but not between seasons. However, within the wet season, haptoglobin, NOx, ovotransferrin and haemolysis differed significantly between breeding and non-breeding females. Aside from some recorded inconsistences, population level results were largely similar to results within individuals that were measured repeatedly. Unexpectedly, most immune indices were higher in the dry season and during breeding. 5. Higher immune indices may be explained if fewer or poorer quality resources force birds to increase social contact, thereby exposing individuals to novel antigens and increased infection risk, independently of environmental productivity. Breeding birds may also show higher immunity if less immune-competent and/or infected females omit breeding. We conclude that seasonal environmental variation impacts immunity more directly in natural animal populations than via resource trade-offs. In addition, immune indices were more often variable within than among individuals, but some indices are characteristic of individuals, and so may offer selective advantages if heritable.
Data from: Timing manipulations reveal the lack of a causal link across timing of annual-cycle stages in a long-distance migrant
Organisms need to time their annual-cycle stages, like breeding and migration, to occur at the right time of the year. Climate change has shifted the timing of annual-cycle stages at different rates, thereby tightening or lifting time constraints of these annual-cycle stages, a rarely studied consequence of climate change. The degree to which these constraints are affected by climate change depends on whether consecutive stages are causally linked (I) or whether the timing of each stage is independent of other stages (II). Under (I), a change in timing in one stage has knock-on timing effects on subsequent stages, whereas under (II) a shift in the timing of one stage affects the degree of overlap with previous and subsequent stages. For testing this we combined field manipulations, captivity measurements and geolocation data. We advanced and delayed hatching dates in pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) and measured how the timing of subsequent stages (male moult and migration) were affected. There was no causal effect of manipulated hatching dates on the onset of moult and departure to Africa. Thus, advancing hatching dates reduced the male moult-breeding overlap with no effect on the moult-migration interval. Interestingly, the wintering location of delayed males was more westwards, suggesting that delaying the termination of breeding carries-over to winter location. Because we found no causal linkage of the timing of annual-cycle stages, climate change can shift these stages at different rates, with the risk that the time available for some become so short that this will have major fitness consequences.
Data from: Activity and migratory flights of individual free-flying songbirds throughout the annual cycle: method and first case study
We describe a method and device (< 1.2 g) for recording, processing and storing data about activity and location of individuals of free-living songbirds throughout the annual cycle. Activity level was determined every five minutes from five 100 ms samples of accelerometer data with 5 s between the sampling events. Activity levels were stored on an hourly basis throughout the annual cycle, allowing periods of resting/sleep, continuous flight and intermediate activity (foraging, breeding) to be distinguished. Measurements from a light sensor were stored from preprogrammed key stationary periods during the year to provide control information about geographic location. Successful results, including annual actogram, were obtained for a red-backed shrike Lanius collurio carrying out its annual loop migration between northern Europe and southern Africa. The shrike completed its annual migration by performing > 66 (max. 73) nocturnal migratory flights (29 flights in autumn and > 37, max. 44, in spring) adding up to a total of > 434 (max. 495) flight hours. Migratory flights lasted on average 6.6 h with maximum 15.9 h. These flights were aggregated into eight travel episodes (periods of 4–11 nights when flights took place on the majority of nights). Daytime resting levels were much higher during the winter period compared to breeding and final part of spring migration. Daytime resting showed peaks during days between successive nocturnal flights across Sahara, continental Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, indicating that the bird was mostly sleeping between these long migratory flights. Annual activity and flight data for free-living songbirds will open up many new research possibilities. Main topics that can be addressed are e.g. migratory flight performance (total flight investment, numbers and characteristics of flights), timing of stationary periods, activity patterns (resting/sleep, activity level) in different phases of the annual cycle and variability in the annual activity patterns between and within individuals.
Data from: A range-wide domino effect and resetting of the annual cycle in a migratory songbird
Latitudinal differences in timing of breeding are well documented but how such differences carry over to influence timing of events in the annual cycle of migratory birds is not well understood. We examined geographic variation in timing of events throughout the year using light-level geolocator tracking data from 133 migratory tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) originating from 12 North American breeding populations. A swallow's breeding latitude influenced timing of breeding, which then carried over to affect breeding ground departure. This resulted in subsequent effects on the arrival and departure schedules at fall stopover locations and timing of arrival at non-breeding locations. This "domino effect" between timing events was no longer apparent by the time individuals departed for spring migration. Our range-wide analysis demonstrates the lasting impact breeding latitude can have on migration schedules but also highlights how such timing relationships can reset when individuals reside at non-breeding sites for extended periods of time.
Data from: Demographic and spatiotemporal patterns of avian influenza infection at the continental scale, and in relation to annual life cycle of a migratory host
Since the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in the eastern hemisphere, numerous surveillance programs and studies have been undertaken to detect the occurrence, distribution, or spread of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in wild bird populations worldwide. To identify demographic determinants and spatiotemporal patterns of AIV infection in long distance migratory waterfowl in North America, we fitted generalized linear models with binominal distribution to analyze results from 13,574 blue-winged teal (Anas discors, BWTE) sampled in 2007 to 2010 year round during AIV surveillance programs in Canada and the United States. Our analyses revealed that during late summer staging (July-August) and fall migration (September-October), hatch year (HY) birds were more likely to be infected than after hatch year (AHY) birds, however there was no difference between age categories for the remainder of the year (winter, spring migration, and breeding period), likely due to maturing immune systems and newly acquired immunity of HY birds. Probability of infection increased non-linearly with latitude, and was highest in late summer prior to fall migration when densities of birds and the proportion of susceptible HY birds in the population are highest. Birds in the Central and Mississippi flyways were more likely to be infected compared to those in the Atlantic flyway. Seasonal cycles and spatial variation of AIV infection were largely driven by the dynamics of AIV infection in HY birds, which had more prominent cycles and spatial variation in infection compared to AHY birds. Our results demonstrate demographic as well as seasonal, latitudinal and flyway trends across Canada and the US, while illustrating the importance of migratory host life cycle and age in driving cyclical patterns of prevalence.
Population specific annual cycles and migration strategies in a leap-frog migrant
<p>A common migratory pattern in birds is that northerly breeding populations migrate to more southerly non-breeding sites compared to southerly: a pattern called <i>leap-frog </i>migration. Not only do populations experience differences in migration distances, but also different environmental conditions, which may vary spatiotemporally within their annual cycles, crating distinctive selective pressures and migratory behaviors. Information on how populations schedule their annual cycles according to environmental conditions and by extension, adapt their migratory behaviors is important to understand drivers of migration and evolution of migration patterns at large. Here we use light level geolocators and citizen science data on regional spring arrivals to compare two populations of common ringed plover <i>Charadrius hiaticula </i>– a textbook example of a leap-frog migrant – breeding at different latitudes. We 1) describe and characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of the annual cycles, and 2) test predictions regarding speed and timing of migration derived from the population specific characterizations of the annual cycles. Winter distributions followed a leap-frog migration pattern, i.e. northern breeding population (NBP) wintered in W Africa and the southern (SBP) mainly in W Europe. The annual cycles were shifted temporally so that the NBP was always later in all stages compared to the SBP. The SBP spent more than twice as long time in the breeding area, but there was no difference in winter residency. There was no difference in migration duration, nor migration speed, between the two seasons within population, but the NBP spent more time on migration in both seasons and migrated faster in spring compared to the SBP. We also found a larger variation in spring arrival times across years in the SBP. This suggests that a complex interaction of population specific timing and variation of breeding onset, length of breeding season and proximity to the breeding area shape the annual cycle and migratory behaviors.</p>
Dataset of "Annual Cycle of Gravity Wave Variability Derived from a High-Resolution Martian General Circulation Model" (3/3)
<p>This dataset contains the GrADS data of high-resolution Mars GCM results used for figures in the paper "Annual Cycle of Gravity Wave Variability Derived from a High-Resolution Martian General Circulation Model" by T. Kuroda, E. Yiğit and A.S. Medvedev.</p> <p>Each file contains two-dimensional (X: longitude, Y: latitude) data of surface pressure (Ps) and dust opacity in infrared wavelength (tau), and three-dimensional (X: longitude, Y: latitude, Z:sigma-level) data of temperature (T), zonal wind velocity (u), meridional wind velocity (v) and vertical wind velocity (w). Each tar.xz file contains snapshots of those data in every 1/6 Sol for Ls of 30 degrees.</p> <p>data210rdc.tar.xz: for Ls=210-240 (47 Sols)</p> <p>data240rdc.tar.xz: for Ls=240-270 (46 Sols)</p> <p>data270rdc.tar.xz: for Ls=270-300 (48 Sols)</p> <p>data300rdc.tar.xz: for Ls=300-330 (51 Sols)</p> <p>data330rdc.tar.xz: for Ls=330-360 (56 Sols)</p>
Dataset of "Annual Cycle of Gravity Wave Variability Derived from a High-Resolution Martian General Circulation Model" (2/3)
<p>This dataset contains the GrADS data of high-resolution Mars GCM results used for figures in the paper "Annual Cycle of Gravity Wave Variability Derived from a High-Resolution Martian General Circulation Model" by T. Kuroda, E. Yiğit and A.S. Medvedev.</p> <p>Each file contains two-dimensional (X: longitude, Y: latitude) data of surface pressure (Ps) and dust opacity in infrared wavelength (tau), and three-dimensional (X: longitude, Y: latitude, Z:sigma-level) data of temperature (T), zonal wind velocity (u), meridional wind velocity (v) and vertical wind velocity (w). Each tar.xz file contains snapshots of those data in every 1/6 Sol for Ls of 30 degrees.</p> <p>data090rdc.tar.xz: for Ls=090-120 (64 Sols)</p> <p>data120rdc.tar.xz: for Ls=120-150 (60 Sols)</p> <p>data150rdc.tar.xz: for Ls=150-180 (54 Sols)</p> <p>data180rdc.tar.xz: for Ls=180-210 (49 Sols)</p>
Dataset of "Annual Cycle of Gravity Wave Variability Derived from a High-Resolution Martian General Circulation Model" (1/3)
<p>This dataset contains the GrADS data of high-resolution Mars GCM results used for figures in the paper "Annual Cycle of Gravity Wave Variability Derived from a High-Resolution Martian General Circulation Model" by T. Kuroda, E. Yiğit and A.S. Medvedev.</p> <p>Each file contains two-dimensional (X: longitude, Y: latitude) data of surface pressure (Ps) and dust opacity in infrared wavelength (tau), and three-dimensional (X: longitude, Y: latitude, Z:sigma-level) data of temperature (T), zonal wind velocity (u), meridional wind velocity (v) and vertical wind velocity (w). Each tar.xz file contains snapshots of those data in every 1/6 Sol for Ls of 30 degrees.</p> <p>data000rdc.tar.xz: for Ls=000-030 (61 Sols)</p> <p>data030rdc.tar.xz: for Ls=030-060 (66 Sols)</p> <p>data060rdc.tar.xz: for Ls=060-090 (67 Sols)</p>
Data from: Using a full annual cycle model to evaluate long-term population viability of the conservation-reliant Kirtland's warbler after successful recovery
Long-term management planning for conservation-reliant migratory songbirds is particularly challenging because habitat quality in different stages and geographic locations of the annual cycle can have direct and carry-over effects that influence the population dynamics. The Neotropical migratory songbird Kirtland's warbler Setophaga kirtlandii (Baird 1852) is listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act and Near Threatened under the IUCN Red List. This conservation-reliant species is being considered for U.S. federal delisting because the species has surpassed the designated 1000 breeding pairs recovery threshold since 2001. To help inform the delisting decision and long-term management efforts, we developed a population simulation model for the Kirtland's warbler that incorporated both breeding and wintering grounds habitat dynamics, and projected population viability based on current environmental conditions and potential future management scenarios. Future management scenarios included the continuation of current management conditions, reduced productivity and carrying capacity due to the changes in habitat suitability from the creation of experimental jack pine Pinus banksiana (Lamb.) plantations, and reduced productivity from alteration of the brown-headed cowbird Molothrus ater (Boddaert 1783) removal programme. Linking wintering grounds precipitation to productivity improved the accuracy of the model for replicating past observed population dynamics. Our future simulations indicate that the Kirtland's warbler population is stable under two potential future management scenarios: (i) continuation of current management practices and (ii) spatially restricting cowbird removal to the core breeding area, assuming that cowbirds reduce productivity in the remaining patches by ≤41%. The additional future management scenarios we assessed resulted in population declines. Synthesis and applications. Our study indicates that the Kirtland's warbler population is stable under current management conditions and that the jack pine plantation and cowbird removal programmes continue to be necessary for the long-term persistence of the species. This study represents one of the first attempts to incorporate full annual cycle dynamics into a population viability analysis for a migratory bird, and our results indicate that incorporating wintering grounds dynamics improved the model performance.
Data from: Activity and migratory flights of individual free-flying songbirds throughout the annual cycle: method and first case study
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Population specific annual cycles and migration strategies in a leap-frog migrant
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Data from: A range-wide domino effect and resetting of the annual cycle in a migratory songbird
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Data from: Timing manipulations reveal the lack of a causal link across timing of annual-cycle stages in a long-distance migrant
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Using a full annual cycle model to evaluate long-term population viability of the conservation-reliant Kirtland’s warbler after successful recovery
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.