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170 results for “anoles”
Recolonization of secondary forests by a locally extinct Caribbean anole through the lens of range expansion theory
<p>Disturbance and recovery dynamics are characteristic features of many ecosystems. Disturbance dynamics are widely studied in ecology and conservation biology. Still, we know less about the ecological processes that drive ecosystem recovery. The ecological processes that mediate ecosystem recovery stand at the intersection of many theoretical frameworks. Range expansion theory is one of these complementary frameworks that can provide unique insights into the population-level processes that mediate ecosystem recovery, particularly fauna recolonization. Although the biodiversity patterns that follow fauna recolonization of recovering forests have been well described in the literature, the ecological processes at the population level that drive these patterns remain conspicuously unknown. In this study, we tested three fundamental predictions of range expansion theory during the recolonization of recovering forests in Puerto Rico by a shade specialist anole, <em>Anolis</em> <em>gundlachi</em>. Range expansion theory predicts that individuals at the early stages of recolonization (i.e., younger forests) would have a high prevalence of dispersive traits, experience less density dependence, and suffer less parasitism. To test these predictions, we conducted a chronosequence study applying space-for-time substitution where we compared phenotypic traits (i.e., body size, body condition, and relative limb size), population density, population growth rates, and <em>Plasmodium</em> parasitism rates among lizard populations living in young (< 30 years), mid (40–60 years), and old-growth forests (> 75 years). Lizard populations in younger forests had lower densities, higher population growth rates, and lower rates of <em>Plasmodium</em> parasitism compared with old-growth forests. Still, while we found that individuals had larger body sizes, and longer forelimbs in young forests in one site, this result was not consistent among sites. This suggests a potential trade-off between the traits that provide a dispersal advantage during the initial stages of recolonization and those that are advantageous to establish in novel environmental conditions. Overall, our study emphasizes the suitability of range expansion theory to describe fauna recolonization but also highlights that the ecological processes that drive recolonization are time-dependent, complex, and nuanced.</p>
Head shape predicts isotopic diet in anoles and day geckos
<ol> <li>Trophic morphology affects resource acquisition; therefore, species differences in such traits may be informative for inferring resource use overlap and potential species interactions. </li> <li>In lizards, head size and shape determine the size and hardness of prey that can be consumed. Lizards with large differences in head morphology are expected to overlap less in prey use than lizards with more similar traits. </li> <li>Stable isotopes are increasingly being used to describe diet, yet how traditional functional traits affect isotopic diet is often not clear a priori. </li> <li>We measured head size, head shape, 𝛿<sup>15</sup>N, and 𝛿<sup>13</sup>C under controlled resource availability in an enclosure experiment using introduced lizards in Hawaiʻi to test whether functional traits predict isotopic diet. </li> <li>Brown anoles (<em>Anolis</em> <em>sagrei</em>) had the tallest and narrowest heads, the highest values of 𝛿<sup>13</sup>C, and the lowest values of 𝛿<sup>15</sup>N. Gold dust day geckos (<em>Phelsuma</em> <em>laticauda</em>) had the shortest and widest heads, the lowest values of 𝛿<sup>13</sup>C, and the highest values of 𝛿<sup>15</sup>N. Green anoles (<em>Anolis</em> <em>carolinensis</em>) were intermediate in both diet and morphology. </li> <li>As a result of isotopic diet overlap, green anoles have reduced competitor-free resource space in the presence of both of the other lizard species. </li> <li>Head shape was the best predictor of diet and the only trait that explained variation within as well as among species. Head size was sexually dimorphic, and therefore the weaker diet correlations with this trait may be explained by sexual selection.</li> <li>Breadth in morphospace did not correlate with isotopic diet breadth, nor did the amount of overlap in morphospace predict the amount of overlap in isotopic diet space. </li> <li>While lizards were able to locally depress prey in experimental enclosures, no shifts in diet were detected in response to the presence of heterospecifics. </li> <li>The generality of head shape in predicting isotopic diet, and whether it does so independent of habitat use, warrants additional study. Head shape provides a potentially fruitful avenue for trait-based approaches to studying ecology and evolution in lizards.</li> </ol>
Evolutionary drivers of sexual signal variation in Amazon slender anoles
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Head shape predicts isotopic diet in anoles and day geckos
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Data from: Local adaptation in mainland anole lizards: Integrating population history and genome-environment associations
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Reassessing a Holocene extinction: multiple lines of evidence do not support the historical presence and recent extirpation of a protected anole on the island of Anguilla
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Historical allopatry and secondary contact or primary intergradation in the Puerto Rican Crested Anole, Anolis cristatellus, on Vieques Island
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Phylogeographic and phenotypic outcomes of brown anole colonization across the Caribbean provide insight into the beginning stages of an adaptive radiation
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Data from: Winter storms drive rapid phenotypic, regulatory and genomic shifts in the green anole lizard
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Recolonization of secondary forests by a locally extinct Caribbean anole through the lens of range expansion theory
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A morphometric assessment of species boundaries in a widespread anole lizard (Squamata: Dactyloidae)
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Data from: Female anoles display less but attack more quickly than males in response to territorial intrusions
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Data from: Archipelagic genetics in a widespread Caribbean anole
Aim We examine the influence of fluctuating sea levels in a land-bridge archipelago on the apportioning of intraspecific genetic diversity and divergence in the widespread Puerto Rican crested anole (Anolis cristatellus). We compare three alternative scenarios for genetic diversification in an archipelagic species that contrast the relative influences of periodic isolation versus island connectedness driven by fluctuating sea levels. Our approach combines information from geography and population genetics to assess the influence of island size, island isolation, island historical geography, and population genetic processes such as drift on the contemporary distribution of genetic variation within and among islands. Location The Puerto Rico Bank in the Caribbean focusing primarily on the Spanish, British and U.S. Virgin Islands. Methods We used nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences and microsatellite genotypes sampled from A. cristatellus populations to investigate: 1) the broad-scale pattern of phylogeographic divergence across Puerto Rico Bank islands; and 2) diversification within the Virgin Islands archipelago. For the first component, we used sequence data to reconstruct the relationships among 542 samples from across the species' range. For the second component, we examined the relative influences of island size, isolation, and population genetic processes on the distribution of genetic diversity across the Virgin Islands. Results In the Virgin Islands, A. cristatellus is represented by a monophyletic clade except on the island of Vieques, where two divergent clades coexist. We found evidence for non-equilibrium dynamics in the Virgin Islands, suggesting spatial population expansion during intraglacial periods of low sea level. Main conclusions We found limited evidence that periods of island isolation affected patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation. Instead, we found that the patterns of genetic diversity and divergence in A. cristatellus in the Virgin Islands archipelago are likely shaped by long-term persistence in the region and periods of population spatial expansion.
Data from: Predator-driven natural selection on risk-taking behavior in anole lizards
Biologists have long debated the role of behavior in evolution, yet understanding of its role as a driver of adaptation is hampered by the scarcity of experimental studies of natural selection on behavior in nature. After showing that individual Anolis sagrei lizards vary consistently in risk-taking behaviors, we experimentally established populations on eight small islands either with or without Leiocephalus carinatus, a major ground predator. We found that selection predictably favors different risk-taking behaviors under different treatments: Exploratory behavior is favored in the absence of predators, whereas avoidance of the ground is favored in their presence. On predator islands, selection on behavior is stronger than selection on morphology, whereas the opposite holds on islands without predators. Our field experiment demonstrates that selection can shape behavioral traits, paving the way toward adaptation to varying environmental contexts.
Data from: Survival of the fattest? Indices of body condition do not predict viability in the brown anole (Anolis sagrei)
1. Measures of body mass and length are commonly used to derive indices of condition, which are often assumed to reflect the energetic state of an animal and, by extension, to predict its fitness. However, the relationship between condition and fitness is rarely quantified, and the appropriate method(s) for deriving indices of condition are frequently debated. 2. Data from a decade of mark-recapture studies involving over 4,600 individual lizards (Anolis sagrei) and 41 replicates of selection across seven populations were used to test the common assumption that condition, as estimated from body mass and length, is a strong predictor of adult survival, an important component of fitness. Inferences about natural selection were compared between two alternative indices of condition: the popular residual index (Ri), and the scaled mass index (Mi), which was recently proposed as a more appropriate method. 3. Linear, quadratic, and correlational selection gradients obtained using Ri and Mi were highly correlated with one another. Relative to variance in selection among replicates and to error associated with the estimation of selection gradients, variance due to the use of alternative condition indices was minor and effectively negligible. 4. Contrary to the intuitive prediction that individuals in better condition should exhibit higher survival, there was no evidence for strong or consistent linear (directional) selection for higher condition indices in either males or females. Significant quadratic (stabilizing or disruptive) selection on condition was similarly rare in both sexes. Correlational selection favored combinations of large size and high condition in males, but not females. 5. Collectively, these results indicate that inferences about natural selection may be robust to the choice between indices of condition, but that indices of condition can be unreliable as proxies for fitness, particularly when relationships between fitness components and condition are contingent upon interactions with other traits.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of dactyloid anole (SQUAMATA: IGUANIDAE) from the western Andes of Ecuador
FIGURE 4. Distribution of Anolis gemmosus and A. otongae along the first and second principal components axes.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of dactyloid anole (SQUAMATA: IGUANIDAE) from the western Andes of Ecuador
FIGURE 2. Anolis otongae, holotype, QCAZ 2051. Head in dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views. Scale 5 mm.
FIGURE 8 in A new species of anole related to Anolis altae from Volcán Tenorio, Costa Rica (Reptilia, Squamata, Polychrotidae)
FIGURE 8. Habitat at the type locality of Anolis tenorioensis at Volcán Tenorio, Costa Rica. Photo by Donald Varela Soto.
FIGURE 7 in A new species of anole related to Anolis altae from Volcán Tenorio, Costa Rica (Reptilia, Squamata, Polychrotidae)
FIGURE 7. View of the cloud forest at Volcán Tenorio (taken at a point about 1000 m elevation), Costa Rica. Photo by Donald Varela Soto.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of anole related to Anolis altae from Volcán Tenorio, Costa Rica (Reptilia, Squamata, Polychrotidae)
FIGURE 6. Ventral coloration of female paratypes (left: UCR 21182; right: SMF 91986) of Anolis tenorioensis before preservation. Photo by Gunther Köhler.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.