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64 results for “anthropogenic change”
Data from: Anthropogenic land-use change intensifies the effect of low flows on stream fishes
1. As ecosystems experience simultaneous disturbances, it is critical to understand how multiple stressors interact to affect ecological change. Land-use change (LUC) and extreme flow events are two important stressors that could interact to affect fish populations. 2. We evaluated the individual and interactive effects of discharge and LUC associated with oil and natural gas development (ONGD) on populations of two stream fishes over a seven-year period. We used repeated-state (i.e., abundance trends) and rate (i.e., colonization and persistence) responses to advance our understanding of flow-ecology relationships in a multiple-stressor framework. 3. Overall, fish abundance, colonization, and persistence declined in association with discharge. The effect of LUC associated with ONGD differed between species, with the abundance of Mottled Sculpin declining and Mountain Sucker increasing. We found both synergistic and antagonistic interactions between discharge and LUC. LUC intensified the effect of low flows for one species and lead to greater variability in responses to flows for the other species. These differences between species' responses are likely due to differences in their physiological tolerances and behavioral adaptations to disturbance. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our research provides empirical evidence for the complex interactions that can arise between discharge and anthropogenic LUC. Management efforts (e.g., silt fences, vegetation replanting, and in-stream restoration) to mitigate the effects of anthropogenic alterations and promote high-quality refuge habitats could help mitigate the effect of hydrologic extremes. Further development of flow-ecology relationships in a multiple-stressor framework will help guide management of stream fishes, and provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying flow-ecology relationships for different species.06-Sep-2019
Anthropogenic land‐use change shapes bird diversity along the eastern Himalayan altitudinal gradient
<p>Globally, the conversion of natural forest into agricultural land and human settlement has altered avian diversity and structure often leading to functional and/or phylogenetic homogenisation. While the effects of land-use change on avian functional and phylogenetic diversity is well studied in the tropics, it is poorly understood and scarcely studied in the Himalayas, let alone in the eastern Himalayan bird communities.</p> <p>This dataset comprises observations of 336 bird species from a replicated point-count transect survey conducted between 2019 and 2020 in Bhutan. We used a multispecies occupancy model to estimate occupancy probability while accounting for detection probability. The detection-corrected z-matrix was used to calculate functional and phylogenetic diversity. </p> <p>Our study shows that bird community occupancy along the elevational gradient is negatively associated with human land use (agriculture and settlement). Bird assemblages were functionally and phylogenetically clustered at higher elevations. Agriculture and settlement harboured higher functional and phylogenetic diversity whereas forests had phylogenetically diverse communities within functionally convergent traits.</p> <p>The higher functional and phylogenetic diversity in agriculture and settlement suggests that bird diversity offers an opportunity for a broad range of ecosystem services. Protection of forests abutting human settlements and agriculture will help preserve higher phylogenetic diversity. We recommend that agricultural practices that safeguard and improve bird-friendly habitats should be promulgated. Educational programmes on the importance of the roles of birds should be implemented and integrating bird conservation with farm production will help conserve bird diversity in human-dominated landscapes. To enhance the conservation value of working landscapes in the Himalayas, avitourism can be explored further. </p>
Changes Monitoring in Hongjiannao Lake from 1987-2023 using Google Earth Engine and Analysis of Climatic and Anthropogenic Forces (Climatic Data)
<p>This dataset presents temporal (1987 to 2023) climatic data for the weather station near Hongjiannao Lake.</p>
Pacific decadal oscillation influences tropical oxygen minimum zone extent and obscures anthropogenic changes
<p>Model outputs needed to reproduce the figures in the article : "Pacific decadal oscillation influences tropical oxygen minimum zone extent and obscures anthropogenic changes"</p>
Anthropogenic change decouples a freshwater predator's density feedback
<p>The datasets here were used to determine annual changes in anthropogenic environmental stressors, the prey-fish community, and the walleye population in Lake Erie and its western basin during 1969–2018. Here, we provide three datasets, which are used in the paper by Sinclair et al. titled: "Anthropogenic change decouples a freshwater predator's density feedback". Each dataset is provided as a separate tab in a single Excel worksheet. The first dataset ("Environmental stressors") provides the annual values for nutrient inputs, water transparency, temperature, and commercial walleye harvest. The second dataset ("Prey-fish community") provides the annual catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; individuals per trawl minute) for all fish species that tend to be found in walleye diets caught in Lake Erie's western basin during 1969–2018 in fall (September-October) trawl surveys conducted by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources - Division of Wildlife. The third dataset ("Walleye") provides the annual estimated size of the age-3+ walleye population, the number of walleye growing degree days, and the average lengths of age-1 and age-2 walleye caught in gill net surveys conducted in the western basin by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources - Division of Wildlife. A summary and explanation of each variable are also provided in the "Info" tab. Further information on how values were calculated is provided in the methods and supporting information of the associated article.</p>
Supplementary Data for "Co-occurrence of climate-change induced and anthropogenic pressures in Central American key biodiversity areas"
<p>Supplementary Data for the article "Co-occurrence of climate-change induced and anthropogenic pressures in Central American key biodiversity areas"</p> <p>This includes the pressure score maps for all climate scenarios / SSPs for the historical and future time periods as well as the script used for preparing the anthropogenic pressure maps (human footprint mapping).</p>
Response of the ozone-related health burden in Europe to changes in local anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors (version 2.0)
<p>This data set includes the model output of the peer-reviewed paper: Gu, Y., Henze, D. K., Nawaz, M. O., and Wagner, U. J., 2023, Response of the ozone-related health burden in Europe to changes in local anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors, Environ. Res. Lett., <strong>doi:</strong>10.1088/1748-9326/ad0167.</p> <p>The data set includes:</p> <p>-The receptor functions, expressed as the total ozone-related premature deaths from respiratory diseases in 2005 and 2015.</p> <p>-The marginal benefit, expressed as the ozone-related premature deaths avoided by a 20% reduction in anthropogenic emissions of NOx, NMVOCs, and CO in 2005 and 2015, respectively</p> <p>-The marginal contribution (per unit), expressed as the ozone-related premature deaths caused by per unit (kg/m2/yr) anthropogenic emissions of NOx in 2005 and 2015</p>
Warming waters beget smaller fish: evidence for reduced size and altered morphology in a desert fish following anthropogenic temperature change
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Data from: Anthropogenic land‐use change intensifies the effect of low flows on stream fishes
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Anthropogenic land‐use change shapes bird diversity along the eastern Himalayan altitudinal gradient
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Anthropogenic change decouples a freshwater predator’s density feedback
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Impacts of anthropogenic emission change scenarios on U.S. water and carbon balances at national and state scales in a changing climate
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Anthropogenic activity and climate change exacerbate the spread of pathogenic bacteria in the environment
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Data for: Anthropogenic climate change has reduced drought recovery probabilities across the western US
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Projected effects of climate change on boreal bird community accentuated by anthropogenic disturbances in western boreal forest, Canada
<p><b>Aim</b></p> <p>Climate change<b> </b>is expected to influence boreal bird communities significantly, notably through changes in forest habitat (composition and age structure),<b> </b>in the coming decades. How these changes will accumulate and interact with anthropogenic disturbances remains an open question for most species.</p> <p><b>Location</b></p> <p>Northeastern Alberta, Canada.</p> <p><b>Methods </b></p> <p>We used the LANDIS-II forest landscape model to project changes in forest landscapes, and associated bird populations (72 passerine species), according to three climatic scenarios (baseline, RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5) and three forest harvesting scenarios of differing intensity.</p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>Both forest harvesting and climate-related drivers were projected to have large impacts on bird communities in this region. As a result of climate-induced increases in fire activity as well as decreased conifer productivity, our simulations projected that an important proportion of Alberta's boreal forests would transition to treeless habitat (i.e. grass-, or shrub-dominated vegetation) while many conifer-dominated stands would likely be replaced by broadleaf tree cover. Consequently, the abundance of bird species associated with open and deciduous habitats were projected to increase. With a strong anthropogenic climate forcing scenario (RCP 8.5), sharp declines in abundance of coniferous trees were also projected, particularly in mature and old forest stands, triggering major declines for bird species associated with coniferous and mixedwood forest types.</p> <p><b>Main Conclusions</b></p> <p><a>As the most comprehensive simulation of climate change and harvesting impacts on avian habitats in the North American boreal region to date</a>, our study <a>reveals</a> the importance of considering key habitat characteristics like forest age structure and composition through forest landscape modeling, and identifies 18 bird species particularly sensitive to climate change. Our simulations suggest that a change in forest management practices could play an important role in the conservation of boreal bird species vulnerable to climate change. The intensive forest harvesting simulated accelerated declines in bird abundance compared to a "no harvesting" scenario.</p> <div> <div> <div class="msocomtxt"> </div> </div> </div>
Data from: Anthropogenic changes in sodium affect neural and muscle development in butterflies
The development of organisms is changing drastically because of anthropogenic changes in once-limited nutrients. Although the importance of changing macronutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, is well-established, it is less clear how anthropogenic changes in micronutrients will affect organismal development, potentially changing dynamics of selection. We use butterflies as a study system to test whether changes in sodium availability due to road salt runoff have significant effects on the development of sodium-limited traits, such as neural and muscle tissue. We first document how road salt runoff can elevate sodium concentrations in the tissue of some plant groups by 1.5–30 times. Using monarch butterflies reared on roadside- and prairie-collected milkweed, we then show that road salt runoff can result in increased muscle mass (in males) and neural investment (in females). Finally, we use an artificial diet manipulation in cabbage white butterflies to show that variation in sodium chloride per se positively affects male flight muscle and female brain size. Variation in sodium not only has different effects depending on sex, but also can have opposing effects on the same tissue: across both species, males increase investment in flight muscle with increasing sodium, whereas females show the opposite pattern. Taken together, our results show that anthropogenic changes in sodium availability can affect the development of traits in roadside-feeding herbivores. This research suggests that changing micronutrient availability could alter selection on foraging behavior for some roadside-developing invertebrates.
Data from: Anthropogenic harvesting pressure and changes in life history: insights from a rocky intertidal limpet
The importance of large breeding individuals for maintaining the health of marine fish and invertebrate populations has long been recognized. Unfortunately, decades of human harvesting that preferentially remove larger individuals have led to drastic reductions in body sizes of many of these species. Such size-selective harvesting is particularly worrisome for sequentially hermaphroditic species where the larger size classes are composed primarily of one sex. Whether these species can maintain stable sex ratios under sustained harvesting pressure depends on the level of plasticity of their life history traits. Here, we show that populations of a marine limpet (Lottia gigantea) can adjust a fundamental aspect of their life history (the timing of sex change) when subjected to size-selective harvesting. As predicted by theoretical models, individuals from harvested populations change sex at smaller sizes and grow at slower rates compared to individuals from protected populations. In addition, the relative size at which the change from male to female occurs remains constant (~0.75; size at sex change / maximum size) across populations, regardless of harvesting pressure. Our results show that population-level demographic and life history data, in conjunction with existing theory, can be sufficient to predict the responses of sequential hermaphrodites to harvesting pressure. Furthermore, they suggest such species can potentially adapt to size-selective harvesting.
Data from: Modeling the effects of anthropogenic exploitation and climate change on an endemic stag beetle, Lucanus miwai, of Taiwan
Loss of biodiversity is a worldwide phenomenon and conservation of endemic species is becoming a pressing issue. However, species differ in life history characteristics, causing the best strategy for conservation to vary among species. Lucanus miwai is an endemic stag beetle of Taiwan, but the natural history and the conservation status of L. miwai have not been fully studied. Lucanus miwai adults live in forest-edge grassland habitats and are experiencing threats from anthropogenic exploitation. Additionally, climate change may threaten its long-term survival because of its specific habitat preference. Results from this study clearly indicate the need for more studies on the natural history of L. miwai and demonstrate that contemporary intensity of anthropogenic exploitation can have a negative effect on population size of this species. Future habitat loss because of global climate change, in addition, can be another major factor leading to population decline. Moreover, increasing demands on L. miwai because of population decline may lead to population extinction. In addition to protecting adult males from being collected, conservation strategies should also focus on discovering habitats utilized by individuals from different life stages, investigating the connectivity between populations, and maintaining the long-term availability of suitable habitats for L. miwai.
Data from: European wildcat populations are subdivided into five main biogeographic groups: consequences of Pleistocene climate changes or recent anthropogenic fragmentation?
Extant populations of the European wildcat are fragmented across the continent, the likely consequence of recent extirpations due to habitat loss and over-hunting. However, their underlying phylogeographic history has never been reconstructed. For testing the hypothesis that the European wildcat survived the Ice Age fragmented in Mediterranean refuges, we assayed the genetic variation at 31 microsatellites in 668 presumptive European wildcats sampled in 15 European countries. Moreover, to evaluate the extent of subspecies/population divergence and identify eventual wild × domestic cat hybrids, we genotyped 26 African wildcats from Sardinia and North Africa and 294 random-bred domestic cats. Results of multivariate analyses and Bayesian clustering confirmed that the European wild and the domestic cats (plus the African wildcats) belong to two well-differentiated clusters (average ФST = 0.159, rst = 0.392, P > 0.001; Analysis of molecular variance [AMOVA]). We identified from c. 5% to 10% cryptic hybrids in southern and central European populations. In contrast, wild-living cats in Hungary and Scotland showed deep signatures of genetic admixture and introgression with domestic cats. The European wildcats are subdivided into five main genetic clusters (average ФST = 0.103, rst = 0.143, P > 0.001; AMOVA) corresponding to five biogeographic groups, respectively, distributed in the Iberian Peninsula, central Europe, central Germany, Italian Peninsula and the island of Sicily, and in north-eastern Italy and northern Balkan regions (Dinaric Alps). Approximate Bayesian Computation simulations supported late Pleistocene–early Holocene population splittings (from c. 60 k to 10 k years ago), contemporary to the last Ice Age climatic changes. These results provide evidences for wildcat Mediterranean refuges in southwestern Europe, but the evolution history of eastern wildcat populations remains to be clarified. Historical genetic subdivisions suggest conservation strategies aimed at enhancing gene flow through the restoration of ecological corridors within each biogeographic units. Concomitantly, the risk of hybridization with free-ranging domestic cats along corridor edges should be carefully monitored.
Local anthropogenic stress does not exacerbate coral bleaching under global climate change
<p><strong>Aim</strong>. Rising ocean temperatures are widely recognised as the dominant driver behind the rapid degradation of coral reefs via the process of coral bleaching (the expulsion of photosynthetic endosymbionts which reveals the coral skeleton). However, bleaching of hard corals is often assumed to be further aggravated by the effect of local-scale stressors from anthropogenic activity, accelerating coral reef decline where these stressors are stronger. Despite the importance of this hypothesis, the interaction between climate change and local stressors for driving coral bleaching has only been investigated in a handful of studies, with no large-scale (regional or global) test conducted thus far. We investigate the impact of human population density (HPD) – a proxy for local stressors - in both protected and non-protected marine regions, and their interaction under heat stress as drivers of coral bleaching.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>. Global.</p> <p><strong>Time period</strong>. 2002-2018.</p> <p><strong>Major Taxa Studied</strong>. Scleractinia corals.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>. Using 9,170 coral reef surveys worldwide, we performed Bayesian modeling to assess the probability of coral bleaching in response to local-scale stressors in interaction with global warming.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>. Local HPD does not exacerbate coral bleaching, either independently or under thermal stress from climate change. Rather, the relationship between HPD and temperature stress appears weakly antagonistic for coral bleaching, contradicting the expectation that HPD increases the sensitivity of corals to bleaching under thermal stress.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>. Local HPD does not interact with global warming by degrading coral reefs. However, regional variation in bleaching patterns exists. Consequently, bleaching will continue to occur on most coral reefs globally regardless of local HPD. Thus, it is likely that even isolated, well-protected, coral reefs will continue to decline because of climate warming-induced bleaching. Therefore, tackling the source of global warming remains the most effective way of mitigating coral reef decline via coral bleaching.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.