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35 results for “arboreal ants”
FIGURE 5 in Fossil ants of the genus Gesomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Eocene of Europe and remarks on the evolution of arboreal ant communities
FIGURE 5. Heads of gynes of extant species of Gesomyrmex. (A) G. luzonensis (Wheeler) (after Wheeler 1916). (B) G. tobiasi Dubovikoff (from Dubovikoff 2004). Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 6 in Fossil ants of the genus Gesomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Eocene of Europe and remarks on the evolution of arboreal ant communities
FIGURE 6. Photographs of different casts and species of Gesomyrmex. (A) Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr – minor worker GMUG.BST. 04207. (B) Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr – worker PMHU.13/221. (C) Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr – male MKC.F-010. (D) Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr – major worker SIZK.K-419. (E) Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr – gyne PMHU.7/229. (F) G. b re v ic e ps sp. nov., gyne, holotype MeI 2305. (G) G. pulcher sp. nov., gyne, holotype MeI 10999. (H) G. curiosus sp. nov., head of gyne, holotype MeI 11953. (I) G. germanicus sp. nov., gyne, holotype PE-1997/29. (J) G. flavescens sp. n., gyne, holotype PE-2000/14. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Fossil ants of the genus Gesomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Eocene of Europe and remarks on the evolution of arboreal ant communities
FIGURE 4. Gesomyrmex species from Messel. (A) G. p u l c h e r sp. nov., gyne, holotype MeI 10999. (B) G. breviceps sp. nov., gyne, holotype MeI 2305. (C) G. curiosus sp. nov., head of gyne, holotype MeI 11953. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Fossil ants of the genus Gesomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Eocene of Europe and remarks on the evolution of arboreal ant communities
FIGURE 1. Distribution of extant and fossil species of Gesomyrmex. 1–6 extant species: 1—G. chaperi André, 2—G. howardi Wheeler, 3—G. kalshoveni Wheeler, 4—G. luzonensis (Wheeler), 5—G. spatulatus Cole, 6—G. tobiasi Dubovikoff; 7–11 fossil species: 7–10—G. hoernesi Mayr (7—Baltic amber, 8— Bitterfeldian amber, 9—Rovno amber, 10—Scandinavian amber), 11—Messel and Eckfeld.
FIGURE 3 in Fossil ants of the genus Gesomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Eocene of Europe and remarks on the evolution of arboreal ant communities
FIGURE 3. Gesomyrmex species from Eckfeld maar. (A) G. germanicus sp. nov., gyne, holotype PE-1997/29. (B) G. flavescens sp. n., gyne, holotype PE-2000/14. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Fossil ants of the genus Gesomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the Eocene of Europe and remarks on the evolution of arboreal ant communities
FIGURE 2. Gesomyrmex hoernesi Mayr. (A) gyne PMHU.7/229. (B) major worker SIZK.K-419. (C) minor worker GMUG.BST. 04207; (D–F) male MKC.F-010: (D) general view of inclusion, (E) fore wing, (F) genitals. Scale bars = 1 mm.
These arboreal ants (Cephalotes atratus) have evolved closely with the trees they live in. Photograph: Field Museum, Corrie Moreau. in The Evolution of Natural History Collections
These arboreal ants (Cephalotes atratus) have evolved closely with the trees they live in. Photograph: Field Museum, Corrie Moreau.
Arboreality drives heat tolerance while elevation drives cold tolerance in tropical rainforest ants
<p>Determining how species thermal limits correlate with climate is important for understanding biogeographic patterns and assessing vulnerability to climate change. Such analyses need to consider thermal gradients at multiple spatial scales. Here we relate thermal traits of rainforest ants to microclimate conditions from ground to canopy (microgeographic scale) along an elevation gradient (mesogeographic scale) and calculate warming tolerance in the Australian Wet Tropics Bioregion. We test the thermal adaptation and thermal niche asymmetry hypotheses to explain interspecific patterns of thermal tolerance at these two spatial scales. We tested CT<sub>min</sub>, CT<sub>max</sub>, and calculated CT<sub>range</sub> using ramping assays for 74 colonies of 40 ant species collected from terrestrial and arboreal habitats at lowland and upland elevation sites and recorded microclimatic conditions for one year. Within sites, arboreal ants were exposed to hotter microclimates and on average had a 4.2°C (95% CI: 2.7 – 5.6°C) higher CT<sub>max</sub>, and 5.3°C (95% CI: 3.5 – 7°C) broader CT<sub>range</sub> than ground-dwelling ants. This pattern was consistent across the elevation gradient, whether it be the hotter lowlands or the cooler uplands. Across elevation, upland ants had significantly lower CT<sub>min </sub>than lowland ants, whereas the change in CT<sub>max</sub> was less pronounced, and CT<sub>range</sub> did not change over elevation. Differential exposure to microclimates, due to localised niche preferences, drives divergence in CT<sub>max</sub> while environmental temperatures along the elevation gradient drive divergence in CT<sub>min</sub>. Our results suggest that both processes of thermal adaptation and thermal niche asymmetry are at play depending on the spatial scale of observation, and we discuss potential mechanisms underlying these patterns. Despite the broad thermal tolerance range of arboreal rainforest ants, lowland arboreal ants had the lowest warming tolerance and may be most vulnerable to climate change.</p>
Ant abundance in pitfall traps, subterranean traps, arboreal traps, and Winkler samples at the Territory Wildlife Park experiment
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Data from: Arboreal ant abundance tracks primary productivity in an Amazonian whitewater river system
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Data from: Secondary succession has surprisingly low impact on arboreal ant communities in tropical montane rainforest
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Data from: The microbiome of the ant-built home: the microbial communities of a tropical arboreal ant and its nest.
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Arboreality drives heat tolerance while elevation drives cold tolerance in tropical rainforest ants
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Active modification of cavity nest-entrances is a common strategy in arboreal ants
<p>The majority of tropical arboreal ant species nest in tree cavities. These cavities, often produced initially by wood-boring beetles, can be in live or dead wood and represent long-lasting and highly defensible nesting resources. Yet the size of cavity entrances can constrain their use. Active entrance modification may be an effective way to overcome this constraint. Here, we conduct the first systematic study of nest-entrance modification in an arboreal ant community. Using field experiments deployed across a number of tree species, we show that 14% of 2631 experimental cavities were modified by either enlargement, or reducing entrance size by construction. Entrance modifications, which were made by a majority (18/29 species) of the species that occupied experimental nests, used a variety of construction techniques and materials. Combined, these modifications were context-dependent with respect to available entrance sizes: enlargement was more common when the diversity of available entrance sizes was limited, whereas reduction was more prevalent when the diversity of entrance sizes was higher. Nevertheless, the context of tree species identity did not significantly influence the number of modified cavities or the construction materials. Overall, we show that nest-entrance modification is a widespread, active, and context-dependent strategy in the nesting ecology of arboreal ants.</p>
Active modification of cavity nest-entrances is a common strategy in arboreal ants
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