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86 results for “atmospheric CO2”
Limits of the Habitable Zone CO2 atmosphere with 3D Climate Modelling
<p>Water is crucial for life, regardless of the environment. That's why in search of extraterrestrial life, we focus on planets in the habitable zone (HZ), where liquid water can exist. The size of this zone depends on factors like the star type and planet size. Using the Generic PCM model (https://lmdz-forge.lmd.jussieu.fr/mediawiki/Planets/index.php/Overview_of_the_Generic_PCM), we've defined the limits of the HZ for atmospheres dominated by CO2 in 3D for the first time. You can access the dataset from the simulations in ".nc" file format. Temporal evolution of variables such as surface temperature, surface pressure, water vapour, liquid water, ice etc. are in a 3D grid for different orbital distances and with different surface pressures are present in the dataset. We have used the correlated-k table published in Zenodo for the simulations (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10978791).</p>
Correlated-k table for CO2 dominated atmospheres for 3D Climate Modelling
<p>Correlated-k table for CO2 dominated atmospheres with a variable amount of water vapour built by incorporating absorption data files from the HITRAN database and using the exo\_k code by J.Leconte. This correlated-k tables are created to use with Generic-PCM model to simulate the atmospheres of CO2 dominated planets.</p> <p>The calculation of radiative transfer can be performed using the correlated-k method, which efficiently determines net radiative fluxes by categorizing spectral lines into infrared and visible bands (IR x VI) and assigning the average absorption coefficients to each band. These coefficients are pre-calculated based on detailed line-by-line radiative transfer calculations. The correlated-k method is an economic alternative to the line-by-line method, making it possible to accurately and rapidly compute atmospheric radiation.</p> <p> </p>
Selected CO2 and Meteorological Data from BErkeley Atmospheric CO2 Observation Network
<p>Selected CO<sub>2</sub> and meteorological data from BErkeley Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> Observation Network (BEACO<sub>2</sub>N) for use in the characterization of the heterogeneity of greenhouse gas concentrations around the San Francisco Bay Area and the constraint of CO<sub>2 </sub>emissions from mobile sources.</p>
Supporting Data for "Antarctic Sea Ice Expansion, Driven by Internal Variability, in the Presence of Increasing Atmospheric CO2"
<p>Supporting CESM1 data for "Antarctic Sea Ice Expansion, Driven by Internal Variability, in the Presence of Increasing Atmospheric CO2", submitted to Geophysical Research Letters in May 2019.</p> <p>Provides monthly time series of surface temperature (TS) and sea ice fraction (ICEFRAC) for each of the three 40-yr CO2Ramp ensemble members. </p> <p>Data for the CESM1 Large Ensemble Control run are available to the public through NCAR/UCAR. Access instructions can be found here: <a href="http://www.cesm.ucar.edu/projects/community-projects/LENS/">http://www.cesm.ucar.edu/projects/community-projects/LENS/</a></p>
Tracing diurnal variations of atmospheric CO2, O2 and δ13CO2 over a tropical and a temperate forest
<p>These are the datasets of the campaigns used in the paper: <em>Tracing diurnal variations of atmospheric CO2, O2 and δ13CO2 over a tropical and a temperate forest. </em>Two campaigns are included: <em>CloudRoots </em>and <em>Loobos</em>. Have a look at the README files on the specifics of what is inside the files and how to cite these datasets. </p> <p> </p>
Data for "Impact of prior terrestrial carbon flux on atmospheric CO2 concentration simulation"
<p>Data for "Impact of prior terrestrial carbon flux on atmospheric CO2 concentration simulation"</p>
Isotopic evidence for increased carbon and nitrogen exchanges between peatland plants and their symbiotic microbes with rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations since 15000 cal. yr BP
<p>Whether nitrogen (N) availability will limit plant growth and removal of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> this century is controversial. Studies have suggested that N could progressively limit plant growth, as trees and soils accumulate N in slowly cycling biomass pools in response to increases in carbon sequestration. However, a question remains over the longer-term (decadal to century) feedbacks between climate, CO<sub>2</sub> and plant N uptake. The symbiosis between plants and microbes can help plants with mycorrhizal N uptake or biological N2 fixation – the pathway through which N can be rapidly brought into ecosystems and thereby partially or completely alleviate N limitation on plant productivity. Here we present results for plant N isotope composition (δ<sup>15</sup>N) in a peat core that dates to 15000 cal. yr BP to ascertain ecosystem-level N cycling responses to rising atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations in the past. We found that an increase in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration happened with a decrease in δ<sup>15</sup>N values of both <em>Sphagnum</em> moss and Ericaceae over this time period when constrained for climatic factors. A modern experiment demonstrated that δ<sup>15</sup>N of <em>Sphagnum</em> mosses decreased with increasing N2 fixation rates. These findings suggested that N2 fixation in <em>Sphagnum</em> moss by symbiosis with cyanobacteria and N uptake in Ericaceae by symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi both likely increased with rising atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, highlighting a longer-term feedback mechanism whereby N constraints on terrestrial carbon storage can be overcome. </p>
Elevated atmospheric CO2 suppresses silicon accumulation and exacerbates endophyte reductions in plant phosphorus
<p>Many temperate grasses are both hyper-accumulators of silicon (Si) and hosts of <em>Epichloë</em> fungal endophytes; functional traits which may alleviate environmental stresses such as herbivore attack. Si accumulation and endophyte infection may operate synergistically, but this has not been tested in a field setting, nor in the context of changing environmental conditions. Predicted increases in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations can affect both Si accumulation and endophyte function, but these have not been studied in combination.</p> <p>We investigated how elevated atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> (eCO<sub>2</sub>), Si supplementation, endophyte-presence and insect herbivory impacted plant growth, stoichiometry (C, N, P and Si), leaf gas exchange (rates of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates) and endophyte production of anti-herbivore defences (alkaloids) of an important pasture grass (tall fescue; <em>Lolium arundinaceum</em>) in the field.</p> <p>eCO<sub>2</sub> and Si supplementation increased shoot biomass (+52% and +31%, respectively), whereas herbivory reduced shoot biomass by at least 35% and induced Si accumulation by 24%. Shoot Si concentrations, in contrast, decreased by 17–21% under eCO<sub>2</sub>. Si supplementation and herbivory reduced shoot C concentrations. eCO<sub>2</sub> reduced shoot N concentrations which led to increased shoot C:N ratios. Overall, shoot P concentrations were 26% lower in endophytic plants compared to non-endophytic plants, potentially due to decreased mass flow (i.e. observed reductions in stomatal conductance and transpiration). Alkaloid production was not discernibly affected by any experimental treatment. The negative impacts of endophytes on P uptake were particularly strong under eCO<sub>2</sub>.</p> <p>We show that eCO<sub>2</sub> and insect herbivory reduce and promote Si accumulation, respectively, incorporating some field conditions for the first time. This indicates that these drivers operate in a more realistic ecological context than previously demonstrated. Reduced uptake of P in endophytic plants may adversely affect plant productivity in the future, particularly if increased demand for P due to improved plant growth under eCO<sub>2</sub> cannot be met.</p>
Improving gross primary production estimation accuracy on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau considering the effect of atmospheric CO2 fertilization
<p>This GPP dataset was generated by the improved GPP estimation model which introduced atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> fertilization effect and canopy-to-leaf CO<sub>2</sub> concentration gradients into the CASA model. The dataset was provided in TIF format at a month interval. The valid value ranges from 0 to 1000, and the background filled value is set to NoData. The scale factor of the data is 1. Each TIF file represents a month GPP at a daily cumulative value (unit: g C m<sup>-2</sup> month<sup>-1</sup>).</p>
Elevated atmospheric CO2 changes defence allocation in wheat but herbivore resistance persists
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Elevated atmospheric CO2 suppresses silicon accumulation and exacerbates endophyte reductions in plant phosphorus
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Elevated atmospheric CO2 suppresses jasmonate and silicon-based defences without affecting herbivores
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Elevated atmospheric concentrations of CO2 increase endogenous immune function in a specialist herbivore
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Data from: Estimates of late Early Cretaceous atmospheric CO2 from Mongolia based on stomatal and isotopic analysis of Pseudotorellia
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Isotopic evidence for increased carbon and nitrogen exchanges between peatland plants and their symbiotic microbes with rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations since 15000 cal. yr BP
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Disentangling the regional climate impacts of competing vegetation responses to elevated atmospheric CO2
<p>The compressed file contains ModelE simulation outputs for experiments used in "Disentangling the regional climate impacts of competing vegetation responses to elevated atmospheric CO2". Included are simulations outputs specified in Table 1 of the paper:</p> <p>[CO<sub>2</sub>]_only: 2x[CO<sub>2</sub>]; natural vegetation with default LAI and conductance effects “off”</p> <p>[CO<sub>2</sub>]+Con: 2x[CO<sub>2</sub>]; natural vegetation with default LAI and conductance effects “on”</p> <p>[CO<sub>2</sub>]+LAI: 2x[CO<sub>2</sub>]; natural vegetation with enhanced LAI and conductance effects “off”</p> <p>[CO<sub>2</sub>]+LAI+Con: 2x[CO<sub>2</sub>]; natural vegetation with enhanced LAI and conductance effects “on”</p>
Data used for figures and tables in "Increase in ocean acidity variability and extremes under increasing atmospheric CO2"
<p>The data used to create the figures and tables in the paper: Burger, Friedrich A., John, Jasmin G., and Frölicher, Thomas L., "Increase in ocean acidity variability and extremes under increasing atmospheric CO2", Biogeosciences, in press, 2020.</p>
Contrasting effects of Miocene and Anthropocene levels of atmospheric CO2 on silicon accumulation in a model grass
<p>Grasses are hyper-accumulators of silicon (Si) which they acquire from the soil and deposit in tissues to resist environmental stresses. Moreover, given the high metabolic costs of herbivore defensive chemicals and structural constituents (e.g. cellulose), grasses may substitute Si for these components when carbon (C) is limited. Indeed, high Si uptake grasses evolved in the Miocene when atmospheric CO<sub>2 </sub>concentration was much lower than present levels. It is; however, unknown how pre-industrial CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations affect Si accumulation in grasses. Using <em>Brachypodium distachyon</em>, we hydroponically manipulated Si-supply (0.0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mM) and grew plants under Miocene (200 ppm) and Anthropocene levels of CO<sub>2</sub> comprising ambient (410 ppm) and elevated (640 ppm) CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. We showed that regardless of Si-treatments, the Miocene CO<sub>2</sub> levels increased foliar Si concentrations by 47% and 56% relative to plants grown under ambient and elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, respectively. This is due to higher accumulation overall, but also the reallocation of Si from the roots into the shoots. Our results suggest that grasses may accumulate high Si concentrations in foliage when carbon is less available (i.e. pre-industrial CO<sub>2</sub> levels) but this is likely to decline under future climate change scenarios, potentially leaving grasses more susceptible to environmental stresses</p>
Data from: Rising atmospheric CO2 is reducing the protein concentration of a floral pollen source essential for North American bees
At present, there is substantive evidence that the nutritional content of agriculturally important food crops will decrease in response to rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, Ca. However, whether Ca-induced declines in nutritional quality are also occurring for pollinator food sources is unknown. Flowering late in the season, goldenrod (Solidago spp.) pollen is a widely available autumnal food source commonly acknowledged by apiarists to be essential to native bee (e.g. Bombus spp.) and honeybee (Apis mellifera) health and winter survival. Using floral collections obtained from the Smithsonian Natural History Museum, we quantified Ca-induced temporal changes in pollen protein concentration of Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), the most widespread Solidago taxon, from hundreds of samples collected throughout the USA and southern Canada over the period 1842–2014 (i.e. a Ca from approx. 280 to 398 ppm). In addition, we conducted a 2 year in situ trial of S. canadensis populations grown along a continuous Ca gradient from approximately 280 to 500 ppm. The historical data indicated a strong significant correlation between recent increases in Ca and reductions in pollen protein concentration (r2 = 0.81). Experimental data confirmed this decrease in pollen protein concentration, and indicated that it would be ongoing as Ca continues to rise in the near term, i.e. to 500 ppm (r2 = 0.88). While additional data are needed to quantify the subsequent effects of reduced protein concentration for Canada goldenrod on bee health and population stability, these results are the first to indicate that increasing Ca can reduce protein content of a floral pollen source widely used by North American bees.
Raw data for "Overestimation of closed-chamber soil CO2 effluxes at low atmospheric turbulence"
<p>The LI-COR chamber raw data and the meteorological data used in for the paper Overestimation of closed-chamber soil CO2 effluxes at low atmospheric turbulence. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.