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54 results for “atmospheric deposition”
National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP): Concentration Data, 1992 - Present
The National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) is a nationwide network of precipitation monitoring sites. The network is a cooperative effort between many different groups, including the State Agricultural Experiment Stations, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and numerous other governmental and private entities. For a full list of contributors, see the collaborating agencies page. The NADP/NTN has grown from 22 stations at the end of 1978, our first year, to over 250 sites spanning the continental United States, Alaska, and Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.
Data from: Partitioning between atmospheric deposition and canopy microbial nitrification into throughfall nitrate fluxes in a Mediterranean forest
1. Microbial activity plays a central role in nitrogen (N) cycling, with effects on forest productivity. Though N bio-transformations, such as nitrification, are known to occur in the soil, here we investigate whether nitrifiers are present in tree canopies and actively process atmospheric N. 2. This study was conducted in a Mediterranean holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) forest in Spain during the transition from hot dry summer to cool wet winter. We quantified NH4+—N and NO3-—N fluxes for rainfall (RF) and throughfall (TF) and used δ15N, δ18O, and Δ17O to elucidate sources of NO3-. Finally, we characterized microbial communities and abundance of nitrifiers on foliage, RF and TF water through metabarcoding and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, respectively. 3. NO3—N fluxes at the site were larger in TF than RF, suggesting a contribution from dry deposition, as also supported by δ15N and δ18O. However, Δ17O indicated that about 20% of NO3- in TF derived from canopies nitrification in August, after a severe drought, with a lower proportion in September (≈ 8%). This seasonal partitioning between biologically and atmospherically derived NO3- coincided with a decreasing trend of the abundance of archaeal nitrifiers. Tree canopies and TF had more diverse microbial communities than RF. Yet, RF showed higher variability in microbial composition, likely associated to the origin of air masses. 4. Synthesis. Atmospheric N deposition is significantly altered after passing through tree canopies. While nitrification has been proposed as one of the mechanisms responsible for these changes, very few studies directly investigate its occurrence. Here, we showed that nitrification by epiphytic leaf microbes contributed to increasing NO3 in TF and that nitrifiers' activity was reduced going from the dry and hot summer to the cool winter. Overall, these results highlight the power of coupling microbial community analysis, functional gene amplification and stable isotope approaches to examine ecosystem-scale processes.
Denitrification rates in lake sediments of mountains affected by high atmospheric nitrogen deposition
<p>During the last decades, atmospheric nitrogen loading in mountain ranges of the Northern Hemisphere has increased substantially, resulting in high nitrate concentrations in many lakes. Yet, how increased nitrogen has affected denitrification, a key process for nitrogen removal, is poorly understood. We measured actual and potential (nitrate and carbon amended) denitrification rates in sediments of several lake types and habitats in the Pyrenees during the ice-free season. Actual denitrification rates ranged from 0 to 9 μmol N<sub>2</sub>O m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> (mean, 1.5 ± 1.6 SD), whereas potential rates were about 10-times higher. The highest actual rates occurred in warmer sediments with more nitrate available in the overlying water. Consequently, littoral habitats showed, on average, 3-fold higher rates than the deep zone. The highest denitrification potentials were found in more productive lakes located at relatively low altitude and small catchments, with warmer sediments, high relative abundance of denitrification nitrite reductase genes, and sulphate-rich waters. We conclude that increased nitrogen deposition has resulted in elevated denitrification rates, but not sufficiently to compensate for the atmospheric nitrogen loading in most of the highly oligotrophic lakes. However, there is potential for high rates, especially in the more productive lakes and landscape features largely govern this.</p>
Global atmospheric soluble iron deposition
<p>This dataset contains the modeled atmospheric total/soluble iron deposition on a global scale for the present-day and future conditions. The relative contributions from anthropogenic, biomass burning, and dust sources have been resolved in the data. It can be used for the modeling of ocean biogeochemistry. </p>
Data and code for: Influence of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on soil greenhouse gas fluxes from forests in China and the world
<p><span>Since the industrial revolution, greenhouse gas emissions (particularly CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O) caused by human activities have accelerated global climate change. To avoid catastrophic transitions in the Earth system, many countries including China have set goals to achieve “net zero emission” (or “carbon neutrality”) by mid-21<sup>st</sup> century. Forestland-related practices are among the most preferred “natural climate solutions”. However, high uncertainties remain in the greenhouse gas fluxes from forest soils, because of the limited capability to observe soil dynamics at a large spatial scale. Meanwhile, forest soil greenhouse gas fluxes are influenced by multiple anthropogenic environmental changes including enhanced atmospheric nitrogen deposition, which further complicates the interactions between forest ecosystem and the atmosphere. During the past half century, simulated nitrogen deposition (or “nitrogen addition”) experiments have been conducted in various forest sites worldwide, founding a basis for quantifying the spatially-varying responses of soil greenhouse gas flux to nitrogen deposition. </span></p> <p><span>In this research, we systematically synthesized global nitrogen addition experiment data from published literature and public databases, using which we explored the responses of the three major greenhouse gases to N input. Derived sensitivity of soil N<sub>2</sub>O emission to N deposition allowed for determining the N saturation (or limitation) status of global forests. Using process-augmented data-driven approach and random forest regression models, we estimated soil greenhouse gas budgets on regional and global levels. On the basis, we quantified the varying effects of N deposition on soil greenhouse gas fluxes in N-limited and N-saturated forests across biomes. </span><span> </span></p> <p><span>The produced global map of N-saturated forests in this research could facilitate studies on carbon and nitrogen cycles and improve forest nitrogen management. The revealed response patterns and response factors of soil greenhouse gases to N input could help improve the structure and parameters of ecosystem models. Furthermore, the localized N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors for 145 countries could be used to reduce the uncertainties in their national greenhouse gas inventories. The “process-augmented data-driven” approach could potentially bridge the gap between site-level manipulative experiments and the demand for regional greenhouse gas budgets, allowing manipulative experiments to play a more important role in global change research. </span></p>
Data from: Patterns and drivers of atmospheric nitrogen deposition retention in global forests
<p>Forests are the largest carbon sink in terrestrial ecosystems, and the impact of nitrogen (N) deposition on this carbon sink depends on the fate of external N inputs. However, the patterns and driving factors of N retention in different forest compartments remain elusive. In this study, we synthesized 408 observations from global forest <sup>15</sup>N tracer experiments to reveal the variation and underlying mechanisms of <sup>15</sup>N retention in plants and soils. The results showed that the average total ecosystem <sup>15</sup>N retention in global forests was 63.04 ± 1.23%, with the soil pool being the main N sink (45.76 ± 1.29%). Plants absorbed 17.28 ± 0.83% of <sup>15</sup>N, with more allocated to leaves (5.83 ± 0.63%) and roots (5.84 ± 0.44%). In subtropical and tropical forests, <sup>15</sup>N was mainly absorbed by plants and mineral soils, while the organic soil layer in temperate forests retained more <sup>15</sup>N. Additionally, forests retained more <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> than <sup>15</sup>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, primarily due to the stronger capacity of the organic soil layer to retain <sup>15</sup>NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>. The mechanisms of <sup>15</sup>N retention varied among ecosystem compartments, with total ecosystem <sup>15</sup>N retention affected by N deposition. Plant <sup>15</sup>N retention was influenced by vegetative and microbial nutrient demands, while soil <sup>15</sup>N retention was regulated by climate factors and soil nutrient supply. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of climate and nutrient supply and demand in regulating forest N retention and provides data to further explore the impacts of N deposition on forest carbon sequestration.</p>
SynFlux: a sythetic dataset of atmospheric deposition and stomatal uptake at flux tower sites
<p>SynFlux quantifies atmosphere-biosphere fluxes of ozone at flux tower sites. It combines micrometeorological measurements at eddy covariance flux towers with air pollution monitoring networks. Reported quantities include deposition velocity, stomatal conductance, deposition flux, and stomatal uptake flux. The method and its performance are documented in</p> <p>Ducker, J. A., Holmes, C. D., Keenan, T. F., Fares, S., Goldstein, A. H., Mammarella, I., Munger, J. W., and Schnell, J. (2018). Synthetic ozone deposition and stomatal uptake at flux tower sites, <em>Biogeosciences Discuss</em>. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-172</p> <p>Developed by Jason A. Ducker and Christopher D. Holmes at Florida State University, <a href="https://acgc.eoas.fsu.edu">https://acgc.eoas.fsu.edu</a></p>
Soil protist functional composition shifts with atmospheric nitrogen deposition in subtropical forests
<p><span>1. </span><span>Soil protist plays a key role in ecological functions through predation and parasitism. However, little is known about how nitrogen (N) deposition and seasonal variations influence soil protist function in forest soils. </span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>Here, we assessed firstly the impacts of N deposition (control, 50 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, 100 kg </span><span>N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup></span><span>, and 150 kg </span><span>N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup></span><span>) on the functional composition of the soil protist community in summer and winter, using amplicon sequencing of environmental DNA from a subtropical natural forest. </span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>We found that soil protists were dominated by consumers (42.6–51.6%), followed by parasites (32.9–40.9%) and phototrophs (3.2–13.1%), implying a predominant role of consumers and potential top-down effects on the other trophic groups in subtropical forest soils. The functional composition of soil protists was greatly influenced by N deposition, but these responses were dependent on seasonal variations. The diversity of phototrophs was lower in summer than in winter. Instead, an opposite pattern was observed for consumers, resulting in a significantly higher protist diversity in summer than in winter, which indicates a greater sensitivity of soil protists to seasonal variations. Furthermore, low and high N deposition simplified the structural complexity of soil protist communities, suggesting a nonlinear response of the protist structural stability to N deposition.</span></p> <p><span>4. <em>Synthesis and applications.</em></span><span><em> </em>This study provides unprecedented evidence that season variation plays an important role in regulating responses of soil protist functional composition to N deposition, and highlights the nonlinear effects of rising N deposition levels on the soil food web. </span></p>
Pre-industrial, present and future atmospheric soluble iron deposition and the role of aerosol acidity and oxalate under CMIP6 emissions: DATASET
<p>This dataset provides output fields that were used in the research article titled "Pre-industrial, present and future atmospheric soluble iron deposition and the role of aerosol acidity and oxalate under CMIP6 emissions." The data includes the following fields presented as yearly means:</p> <ul> <li>Soluble Iron emissions (SFe_emi) in Tg/yr</li> <li>Total Iron emissions (TFe_emi) in Tg/yr</li> <li>Soluble Iron deposition (SFe_dep) (both wet and dry) in Tg/yr</li> <li>Total Iron deposition (TFe_dep) (both wet and dry) in Tg/yr</li> </ul> <p>The data covers the following periods:</p> <ul> <li>Pre-industrial period (PI), with the year 1850</li> <li>Present-day period (PD), with the climatology from 1985 to 2014</li> <li>Three future periods based on the SSP CMIP6 scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370), with the climatology from 2070 to 2099</li> </ul> <p>An additional file containing information on the cell areas of the output grid is also included (areacell_BergasMassoetal2023.nc).</p>
Solar, atmospheric and volcanic impacts on 10Be depositions in Greenland and Antarctica during the last 100 years
<p>EGRIP <sup>10</sup>Be Data for the paper: "Solar, atmospheric and volcanic impacts on <sup>10</sup>Be depositions in Greenland and Antarctica during the last 100 years" in <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</em></p> <p>(note: the version 1 is uploaded mistakenly with the old time scale, please use this file for the EGRIP data)</p>
Data from: Partitioning between atmospheric deposition and canopy microbial nitrification into throughfall nitrate fluxes in a Mediterranean forest
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Data from: Patterns and drivers of atmospheric nitrogen deposition retention in global forests
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Soil protist functional composition shifts with atmospheric nitrogen deposition in subtropical forests
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Acclimation of phytoplankton Fe:C ratios dampens the biogeochemical response to varying atmospheric deposition of soluble iron
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The Bear Brook Watershed in Maine, USA: Long-term atmospheric deposition chemistry 1987 - 2012
This dataset includes ambient atmospheric deposition data for the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM). The BBWM consists of two watersheds, the reference East Bear (EB), receiving ambient deposition, and the treated West Bear (WB), which received experimental elevated N+S deposition for 27 years. Ambient wet deposition was collected from 1987 to 2012 using AeroChem collectors, and the measured precipitation chemistry was interpolated to calculate monthly and annual fluxes.
Data from: Paleolimnological assessment of wildfire-derived atmospheric deposition of trace metal(loid)s and major ions to subarctic lakes (Northwest Territories, Canada)
<p>Wildfires release terrestrial elements to the atmosphere as aerosols, and these events are becoming more frequent and intense in the Arctic boreal forest as the climate is warming. We quantified the impact of atmospheric deposition of aerosols from local wildfires on metal(loid) fluxes using macroscopic charcoal accumulation rates, historical fire mapping, and element concentrations in <sup>210</sup>Pb‐dated lake sediment from five subarctic lakes with small catchments. Lake sediments showed small but significant increases in fluxes (median = 5–10%) for 22 trace metals, metalloids, or major ions following fire events. The impact of wildfire aerosols on element fluxes was mostly due to short‐term (≤2 years) increasing sedimentation rate (6 ± 41% increase), whereas sediment element concentrations were not strongly impacted. Wildfire‐associated deposition to lake sediments was mainly composed of Ca, Al, Fe, Mg, K, Mn, and Na, which are major constituents of ash from burned biomass, but changes in sediment flux were greatest for Sb, As, Ni, Ba, Mn, Mo, and Sr compared to pre‐disturbance conditions. Compared to anthropogenic sources of pollution, wildfire‐associated atmospheric fluxes of metal contaminants to the lakes (e.g., Hg, Pb, As, Sb, and Cd) were low. This study provides quantitative estimates of wildfire impacts on atmospheric geochemical fluxes to subarctic lakes, which can be used for modeling larger‐scale impacts under changing fire regimes.</p>
Data from: Atmospheric deposition exposes Qinling pandas to toxic pollutants
The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is one of the most endangered animals in the world, and it is recognized worldwide as a symbol for conservation. A previous study showed that wild and captive pandas, especially those of the Qinling subspecies, were exposed to toxicants in their diet of bamboo; the ultimate origin of these toxicants is unknown. Here we show that atmospheric deposition is the most likely origin of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the diets of captive and wild Qinling pandas. Average atmospheric deposition was 199, 115 and 49 g∙m−2∙yr−1 in the center of Xi'an city, at China's Shaanxi Wild Animal Research Center (SWARC), and at Foping National Nature Reserve (FNNR), respectively. Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Co, Cu, Zn, Mn and Ni) and POPs was highest at Xi'an city, intermediate at SWARC, and lowest at FNNR. Soil concentrations of the aforementioned heavy metals other than As and Zn also were significantly higher at SWARC than at FNNR. Efforts to conserve Qinling pandas may be compromised by air pollution attendant to China's economic development. Improvement of air quality and reductions of toxic emissions are urgently required to protect China's iconic species.
Emission and Deposition of Atmospheric Dust from Continental Shelf of the East China Sea: Evidence from Shengshan Island Loess
<p>The dataset for supporting the paper "Emission and Deposition of Atmospheric Dust from Continental Shelf of the East China Sea: Evidence from Shengshan Island Loess".</p>
Data from: Atmospheric N deposition alters co-occurrence, but not functional potential among saprotrophic bacterial communities
The use of co-occurrence patterns to investigate interactions between micro-organisms has provided novel insight into organismal interactions within microbial communities. However, anthropogenic impacts on microbial co-occurrence patterns and ecosystem function remain an important gap in our ecological knowledge. In a northern hardwood forest ecosystem located in Michigan, USA, 20 years of experimentally increased atmospheric N deposition has reduced forest floor decay and increased soil C storage. This ecosystem-level response occurred concomitantly with compositional changes in saprophytic fungi and bacteria. Here, we investigated the influence of experimental N deposition on biotic interactions among forest floor bacterial assemblages by employing phylogenetic and molecular ecological network analysis. When compared to the ambient treatment, the forest floor bacterial community under experimental N deposition was less rich, more phylogenetically dispersed and exhibited a more clustered co-occurrence network topology. Together, our observations reveal the presence of increased biotic interactions among saprotrophic bacterial assemblages under future rates of N deposition. Moreover, they support the hypothesis that nearly two decades of experimental N deposition can modify the organization of microbial communities and provide further insight into why anthropogenic N deposition has reduced decomposition, increased soil C storage and accelerated phenolic DOC production in our field experiment.
Data for: New insights into multi-component atmospheric wet deposition across China: A multidimensional analysis
<p>Atmospheric wet deposition has attracted much attention because of its removal function of aerosol particles and impact on ecosystem. It is a complex multi-component process due to various pollutants emission sources and reaction processes. However, traditional studies have focused on single components, ignoring the internal relationships and the comprehensive wet deposition level; this has hindered the comprehensive understanding and the assessment of ecological effects of deposition. Here, based on the monitoring of wet deposition across 52 stations during 2013–2018 in China, we used two novel multidimensional methods to investigate multi-component atmospheric wet deposition: network analysis and comprehensive index. Network analysis is a new method that can help us better explore the overall relationship between multiple components. The tighter deposition networks, the stronger relationship between different components, meaning that their source are more similar. We find that with the improvement of human development level and the diversification of energy structure, the deposition relationship networks will become looser. Comprehensive index is a method to realize the fusion of multiple parameters, which can help us explore the comprehensive effect of multi-component atmospheric deposition on ecosystem. We calculated the deposition comprehensive index for different ecological regions and found that it was strongly influenced by human activities (energy consumption, fertilization, and vehicle ownership) and precipitation. The findings presented here provide a new perspective for understanding multi-component atmospheric deposition and potential suggestions for evaluating its comprehensive ecological effects. </p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.