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90 results for “behavioral plasticity”
Short-finned pilot whales exhibit behavioral plasticity in foraging strategies mediated by their environment
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Data from: Increases in predation favor evolutionary shifts in behavioral plasticity in Trinidadian killifish
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Data from: Staying ahead of the game –plasticity in chorusing behavior allows males to remain attractive in different social environments
The dynamic nature of many breeding aggregations, where the composition and attractiveness of a male's competitors is ever changing, places extreme pressure on advertising males to remain competitive. In response to this challenge, males may adjust the properties of their calls, or change when they signal relative to their nearest neighbors, which are likely their strongest competitors. We used two playback experiments - one simulating a conspecific environment and the other simulating a mixed-species environment - to test the hypothesis that males use social plasticity in signal features, signal timing, or both, to remain attractive. Further, we examined whether this plasticity is mediated by selective attention, through which males change calling behavior in response to the most relevant competitors, while disregarding less relevant rivals. We find that males change some temporal call features, but rely strongly on signal timing to remain attractive relative to rivals. Simultaneous assessment of both types of calling plasticity allowed us to makes sense of counterintuitive responses of male calling behavior that would otherwise appear non-adaptive. We further show that this plasticity is most pronounced in response to attractive/conspecific males. We discuss how sexual selection by female choice may influence the trade-off between call feature and call timing plasticity, as well as how competitive interactions on a local scale may affect the overall acoustic environment in the chorus.
Behavioral variation in natural contests: integrating plasticity and personality
<p>Animals often interact aggressively when competing over limited resources. Aggressive decisions can be complex, and may result from multiple sources of behavioral variation. The outcome of contests may be explained through contest theory and personality, by considering conjointly plasticity and individual consistency. This integrative approach also allows investigating individual differences in responsiveness to environmental changes. Here we observed multiple agonistic interactions occurring among eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) competing for food resources supplied at different distances from their burrows. Using an individual reaction norm approach, we found that the probability of winning a contest depended on an individual's own intrinsic characteristics (mass, age, but not sex) but was also adjusted to characteristics of its opponents. Winning a contest also depended on extrinsic environmental characteristics such as distance to the contestants' burrows, but not the order of arrival at the feeding patch. We found consistent individual differences in the probability of winning, potentially related to differences in aggressiveness and territoriality. We also found that individuals differed in their plasticity level in response to changes in different characteristics of their social and physical environments. Plasticity, personality and individual differences in responsiveness may thus all play a role in predicting contest outcome and in the evolution of animal contests.</p>
Data from: Genetic correlations among developmental and contextual behavioral plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster
Correlations among traits, including behaviors, are important because traits that are genetically correlated may not evolve independently. Recently, behavioral correlations research has expanded to include correlations not only in mean-level behaviors, but also in behavioral plasticity, i.e., the degree to which individuals change their behavior in response to environmental stimuli. Positive correlations among behavioral plasticities would imply that individuals or genotypes that are behaviorally plastic in one way may also be plastic in other ways; negative correlations could imply tradeoffs. Here, we examine aversive odor conditioning (learning) at two time points, and plasticity in pupation site selection behavior across substrates, in a panel of Drosophila genotypes. These behaviors represent different types of behavioral plasticity: contextual plasticity describes behavioral responses to stimuli that are currently present, while developmental plasticity describes behavioral responses to remembered experiences with stimuli in the recent past. We find that learning scores and plasticity in pupation site selection behavior are positively genetically correlated, representing the first example of a genetic correlation between developmental and contextual plasticity. These findings imply that ecological and evolutionary theories focusing on variation in a single dimension of behavioral plasticity may be incomplete.
Plasticity in male mating behavior modulates female life-history in fruit flies
In many species, intense male-male competition for the opportunity to sire offspring has led to the evolution of selfish reproductive traits that are harmful to the females they mate with. In the fruit fly, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, males modulate their reproductive behavior based on the perceived intensity of competition in their pre-mating environment. Specifically, males housed with other males subsequently transfer a larger ejaculate during a longer mating compared to males housed alone. While the potential fitness benefits to males from such plasticity are clear, its effects on females are mostly unknown. Hence we tested the long-term consequences to females from mating with males with distinct social experiences. First, we verified that competitive experience influences male mating behaviour and found that males housed with rivals subsequently have shorter mating latencies and longer mating durations. Then, we exposed females every other day for 20 days to males that were either housed alone or with rivals and subsequently measured their fitness. We found that females mated to males housed with rivals produce more offspring early in life but fewer offspring later in life and have shorter lifespans but similar intrinsic population growth rates. These results indicate that plasticity in male mating behavior can influence female life-histories by altering females' relative allocation to early vs late investment in reproduction and survival.
Data from: No geographic variation in thermoregulatory color plasticity and limited variation in heat-avoidance behavior in Battus philenor caterpillars
Phenotypic plasticity can help organisms cope with variation in their current environment, including temperature variation, but not all environments are equally variable. In the least variable or extreme environments, plasticity may no longer be used. In this case, the plasticity could be lost all together, or it could persist with either the same or an altered reaction norm, depending on factors such as the plasticity's costs. In the pipevine swallowtail caterpillar (Battus philenor), I tested for changes in two forms of heat-avoidance plasticity, color change and refuge-seeking behavior, across the species' range in the United states, including the cooler eastern parts of its range where color change has not been observed and is unlikely to be needed. I found that both heat-avoidance behavior and color change persisted in all surveyed populations. Indeed, the reaction norm for color change remained nearly unaltered, while the threshold for refuge-seeking only changed slightly across populations. These results suggest that the costs of these plastic traits are low enough for them to be maintained by whatever minimal gene flow the population receives. I show that plasticity can be maintained unaltered in populations where it is not used and discuss the potential consequences of this persistence for both the ecology and evolution of plasticity.
Data from: Plasticity in incubation behavior and shading by king rails (Rallus elegans) in response to temperature
King rails experience a wide range of temperatures during the course of the breeding season throughout their rapidly contracting geographic range. Incubating parent birds are adapted to keep their eggs within a temperature range appropriate for embryo development, but king rail clutches are at risk of exceeding lethal temperatures in the latter half of the nesting season. We investigated whether behavioral plasticity during incubation enables parents to maintain clutch temperature within tolerable limits for embryo development. Video revealed that king rail parents interrupted incubation to stand above and shade their eggs. We tested the hypothesis that the onset of shading was a direct response to ambient temperature (adaptive plasticity). We monitored clutch temperature directly by experimentally adding into clutches a model egg embedded with a programmable iButton. We measured ambient temperature at the nest site simultaneously. Parents spent proportionately more time shading and less time incubating their eggs at higher ambient temperatures. Shading may primarily function in cooling the parent. The frequency and duration of shading bouts were significantly greater at higher ambient temperatures. Parents also took more frequent but shorter recesses in hotter conditions. Diurnal recesses exposed eggs to direct sunlight, and the highest clutch temperatures were recorded under these conditions. Complete hatching failure in at least one nest was attributable to high clutch temperature for an extended period. Because mean ambient temperature increases throughout the breeding season, we investigated seasonal patterns in onset of incubation and its effect on hatching rate. Later in the season, parents tended to initiate incubation earlier, and hatching asynchrony increased significantly. Together these results suggest that breeding king rails may be constrained in their ability to cope with sustained high temperatures should seasonal averages continue to rise as predicted.
Data from: Adaptive maternal behavioral plasticity and developmental programming mitigate the transgenerational effects of temperature in dung beetles
Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to cope with rapid environmental change. Yet exactly when during ontogeny plastic responses are elicited, whether plastic responses produced in one generation influence phenotypic variation and fitness in subsequent generations, and the role of plasticity in shaping population divergences, remains overall poorly understood. Here, we use the dung beetle <i>Onthophagus taurus</i> to assess plastic responses to temperature at several life stages bridging three generations and compare these responses across three recently diverged populations. We find that beetles reared at hotter temperatures grow less than those reared at mild temperatures, and that this attenuated growth has transgenerational consequences by reducing offspring size and survival in subsequent generations. However, we also find evidence that plasticity may mitigate these consequences in two ways: (i) mothers modify the temperature of their offspring's developmental environment via behavioral plasticity and (ii) in one population, offspring exhibit accelerated growth when exposed to hot temperatures during very early development ("developmental programming"). Lastly, our study reveals that offspring responses to temperature diverged among populations in fewer than 100 generations, possibly in response to range-specific changes in climatic or social conditions.
Fig. 3 in Plasticity in the Nesting Behavior of Ontherus sulcator (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Fig. 3. Schematic drawings of Ontherus sulcator nests. A) Brood ball within a nesting chamber, 14 cm deep in the soil, and a short nearby storage burrow not connected to the soil surface or to the nesting chamber, B) Brood ball within a nesting chamber, 12 cm deep in the soil, and a long nearby storage burrow not connected to the soil surface or to the nesting chamber. Scale bars = 1.5 cm.
Fig. 2 in Plasticity in the Nesting Behavior of Ontherus sulcator (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Fig. 2. Brood balls of Ontherus sulcator. A) Brood ball with dome-shaped protrusion, B) Typical brood ball with flattened, T-shaped protrusion, C) Brood ball with dome-shaped protrusion, D) Typical brood ball with flattened, T-shaped protrusion, E) Longitudinal section of brood ball showing the egg chamber, dung provision, and external wall, F) Egg inside egg chamber. Scale bars A–E = 1.0 cm; scale bar F = 0.5 cm.
Fig. 1 in Plasticity in the Nesting Behavior of Ontherus sulcator (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Fig. 1. Different shapes of dung storage burrows of Ontherus sulcator. A) Vertical, oblique at the bottom, and completely filled with dung, B) Vertical with dung only in the distal chamber, C) Oblique at the bottom with dung only in the distal chamber, D) Vertical and filled with dung along its entire length. Scale bars = 2.0 cm.
Fig. 4 in Plasticity in the Nesting Behavior of Ontherus sulcator (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Fig. 4. Cylindrical brood masses of Ontherus sulcator. A) and B) External view of the two recorded brood masses; note the external cover of soil attached to the brood mass, C) Longitudinal section of a brood mass showing the egg inside the egg chamber and the external soil cover. Scale bars = 1.0 cm.
Dataset for "A critical role for CaMKII in behavioral timescale synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons"
<p>Dataset for "A critical role for CaMKII in behavioral timescale synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons"</p>
Molecular and circuit determinants in the globus pallidus mediating control of cocaine-induced behavioral plasticity
<p>The globus pallidus external segment (GPe) acts as a gatekeeper of initial cocaine-induced behavioral plasticity. However, the molecular and circuit mechanisms of action by which it does so are unknown. Here we show that parvalbumin-positive cells in the GPe (GPe<sup>PV</sup>) control cocaine reward and sensitization by selectively modulating activity of dopamine (DA) cells projecting to the lateral shell of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). GPe<sup>PV </sup>cells are embedded in a closed-loop circuit controlled by indirect pathway neurons of the dorsomedial striatum (DMS<sup>D2</sup>), which in part receive DAergic innervation from collaterals of the ventral tegmental DA neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens lateral shell (VTA<sup>DA</sup>®NAcLat). The GPe<sup>PV</sup> cells control these VTA<sup>DA</sup>®NAcLat cells indirectly via GABAergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr<sup>GABA</sup>). Cocaine modifies activity in each node in the loop, resulting in long-lasting changes in GPe<sup>PV</sup> and VTA<sup>DA</sup>®NAcLat cell activity, as well as DA levels in the DMS. The principal action of cocaine is likely in the DMS, and this cocaine-induced elevation of DA triggers a depression in the inhibition from DMS<sup>D2</sup> cells onto GPe<sup>PV</sup> neurons, increasing activity of GPe<sup>PV</sup> cells. Interestingly, the levels of spontaneous activity of GPe<sup>PV</sup> cells is more strongly related to the extent of reward and sensitization that animals experience in response to future administration of cocaine than the other cell types in the loop, indicating that the activity in GPe<sup>PV</sup> cells is a key predictor of future cocaine-induced behavioral responses. Single nucleus RNA-sequencing of GPe cells indicated that voltage-gated potassium channels <em>Kcnq3</em> and <em>Kcnq5</em> that control intrinsic excitability are downregulated in GPe<sup>PV</sup> cells following a single cocaine exposure, contributing to the elevation in GPe<sup>PV</sup> cell excitability. Acutely activating the heteromeric KCNQ3/5 channels using the small molecule carnosic acid, a key psychoactive component of rosemary extract, impaired cocaine reward and learning in a volitional cocaine administration task, indicating its potential as a therapeutic to counteract psychostimulant use disorder. Our findings illuminate the molecular and circuit mechanisms by which the GPe orchestrates brain-wide changes in response to cocaine that are required for reward, sensitization, and self-administration behaviors.</p>
Brain Plasticity of Autism in Response to Early Behavioral Intervention: A Multimodal MRI Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02807766. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Plasticity in male mating behavior modulates female life-history in fruit flies
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Data from: Staying ahead of the game –plasticity in chorusing behavior allows males to remain attractive in different social environments
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Behavioral variation in natural contests: integrating plasticity and personality
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Data from: Audience effects in a sexually polymorphic species: Audience morph generates plasticity in mating behavior
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.