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98 results for “biochar”
PFAS and nitrate leaching from undisturbed soil columns receiving biosolids and mitigation potential of biochar
<p>Land application of biosolids recycles nutrients and reduces the need for commercial fertilizers. However, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may leach from biosolids, resulting in groundwater contamination. We measured PFAS leaching from land-applied biosolids through undisturbed soil column trials and evaluated the treatment potential of amending biosolids with biochar. Synthetic rainfall was applied weekly to undisturbed soil columns from four regions in Wisconsin, including two fields with a history of biosolids application, simulating annual precipitation. The treatments consisted of a control (soil only), soil amended with biosolids, and soil receiving a mixture of biosolids and biochar. Concentrations of total PFAS in leachate were significantly affected by soil location and site history, while only long chain PFAS concentrations were significantly affected by biosolids/biochar treatments. One-time application of biosolids may result in groundwater contamination, as PFAS concentrations in leachate exceeded the local groundwater standard (a combined perfluorooctanoic acid and perflourooctanesulfonic acid groundwater concentration of 20 ng L<sup>-1</sup>) at three locations. Legacy PFAS may pose a risk to human health years after biosolid application, as a control column from a site with an intensive history of biosolid application exceeded PFAS groundwater standards. Incorporation of biochar with biosolids during application mitigated PFAS (specifically from soils with elevated leaching potential) through significant reductions of C7 – C10 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids and C4, C6 – C8 perfluorosulfonic acids (40 to 64% reduction in measured Σ28 PFAS). Biochar may facilitate sustainable use of biosolids through mitigation of long-chain PFAS leaching, pending long-term field evaluation. </p>
Earthworms increase the potential for enzymatic bio-activation of biochars made from co-pyrolyzing animal manures and plastic wastes
<p>We assessed the enzymatic activation of four different biochars produced from pyrolyzing swine manure and poultry litter, and by co-pyrolyzing these livestock residues with agricultural spent mulch plastic film wastes (plastichars). Enzymatic activation consisted of incubating biochars in soil inoculated with earthworms (<em>Lumbricus terrestris</em>), which acted as biological vectors to facilitate retention of extracellular enzymes onto biochar surface. The activity of carboxylesterase ‒a pesticide-detoxifying enzyme‒ was measured in non-bioturbed soils (reference), linings of the burrows created by earthworms, casts (feces) and biochar particles recovered from the soil.</p>
Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer promote rice yield by altering soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure
<p><span>Biochar can significantly change soil properties and improve soil quality.</span> <span>However, the effects of long-term combined application of biochar (B) and nitrogen (N) fertilizer on relationships between soil enzyme activity, microbial community structure and crop yield are still obscure. We characterized these relationships in a long-term (8 years) field experiment with rice, two biochar rates of 0 and 13.5 t ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> (B0 and B) and two N fertilizer rates of 0 and 300 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> (N0 and N).</span><span> The repeated, long-term combined applications of biochar and N fertilizer significantly increased microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN), but biochar decreased the abundance of total bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as the amount of total phospholipid fatty acids. </span><span>The activity of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) </span><span>decreased significantly in the biochar-amended and N fertilized treatment, but</span><span> the LAP activity either remained unchanged or increased with biochar amendment at N0. The relative abundance of bacterial phylum <em>Chloroflexi</em> was increased in the combined biochar and N fertilizer treatment. The changes in soil organic matter and the activity of α-1,4-xylosidase were the major properties influencing soil bacterial community composition, whereas the structure of fungal community was governed by MBC, MBN and LAP activity. In addition, long-term biochar and N fertilizer applied together significantly increased rice yield (more than biochar and nitrogen fertilizer applied alone). Yield</span> <span>was significantly positively correlated with LAP activity, but significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Chloroflexi. In conclusion, long-term biochar and nitrogen fertilizer applications increased rice yield, which was associated with altered soil microbial community and enhanced activity of some enzymes.</span></p>
Urine-enriched biochar: coupling sustainability in sanitation and agriculture
<p>Nitrogen adsorption and plant uptake data and growth data from an urine-enriched biochar experiment. </p>
Data from: Pilot-scale H2S and swine odor removal system using commercially available biochar
<p>This is digital research data corresponding to a published manuscript in "Pilot-scale H2S and swine odor removal system using commercially available biochar" Agronomy 2021, 11, 1611. Dataset may be assessed via the included link at the Dryad data repository.</p> <p>Although biochars made in laboratory seem to remove H<sub>2</sub>S and odorous compounds effectively, very few studies are available for commercial biochars. This study evaluated the efficacy of a commercial biochar (CBC) for removing H<sub>2</sub>S and odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs).</p>
Synergistic effect of salicylic acid and biochar on biochemical properties, yield and nutrient uptake of triticale under water stress
<p><span>The reduction of soil fertility and water sources in arid regions treats crop production. One of the practical solutions to overcome these problems is application of salicylic acid (SA) with biochar.</span><span> A pot experiment was conducted to consider the combination</span><span> of </span><span>SA with biochar</span><span> on biochemical and physiological parameters of triticale</span><span>.</span><span> Treatments consisted of irrigation regime (normal irrigation and irrigation according to 50% field capacity), salicylic acid application [without SA (SA0) and 3mM SA (SA3)] and fertilizer type including without fertilizer (control), application of 50 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> phosphorus (P), and application of wheat biochar (WB), cotton biochar (CB) and sesame biochar (SB) (2% w/w).</span><span> Under water stress, CB at SA0 and SA3 could improve the total chlorophyll by 119.4 and 70.6%, compare to control respectively.<span> Also, carotenoid content in SA3 treatments increased in the range of 75.8 to 34.6% compared to SA0</span>. </span><span>CB at SA3, created the highest catalase activity (11.4% increase) compared to SB.</span><span> At SA3, the highest RWC was observed in WB and CB by 26.7 and 18.1% increases compared to SA0, respectively. </span><span>At SA3, CB could enhance grain yield by 24.8% under water stress. </span><span>Under water stress, at SA3, remobilization efficiency from 63.2% in control was enhanced to 69.2, 74.3 and 68.1% in WB, CB and SB, respectively. CB and WB had better chemical properties in terms of EC, N, P, K and micronutrients compared to SB. These properties of BC and WB enhanced their ability to increase the nutrient availability, biochemical properties and consequently the grain yield enhancement, especially when applied with SA3.</span></p>
New parameter estimates for exogenous organic materials including biochar for the Rothamsted carbon model
<p><span>This parameter set has been established within the EJP Soil project Carboseq and is fully explained in the corresponding report (Leifeld, J., Hardy, B., Budai, A., Elsgaard, L., Keel, S.G., Levavasseur, F., Liang, Z., Mondini, C., Plaza, C., Rodrigues, L. 2024. Soil organic carbon sequestration potential of agricultural soils in Europe. Final report EJP Soil CarboSeq work package 3 – Biochar and other organic amendments).</span></p>
Thermogravimetric data for synthesized polyurethanes and their composites with lignin or biochar
<p>This is a dataset of thermogravimetric data for polyurethanes and their composites containing either lignin or biochar, synthesized on purpose</p>
Dataset for: Exploring the legacy effect of biochar application on soil nitrous oxide emissions
<p><span>This dataset contains data for exploring the legacy effects of biochar addition on soil nitrous oxide emissions and their effects on functional gene abundance associated with soil nitrogen cycling. The dataset contains two data files, one is a data table on the impact of biochar application on soil nitrous oxide emissions, which contains the coordinates of the study site, climate, basic physical and chemical properties of the soil, biochar characteristics and study duration, crop type and management. The other is the data table on the effect of biochar application on the abundance of functional genes related to soil nitrogen cycling, which contains information such as test site coordinates, climate, biochar characteristics, crop type and management. This data can be referenced and reused without any legal or ethical considerations</span>.</p>
Dataset for publication Sikora P., Woliński P., Chougan M., Madraszewski S., Węgrzyński W., Papis B.K., Federowicz K., Ghaffar S.H., Stephan D. A systematic experimental study on biochar-cementitious composites: Towards carbon sequestration. Industrial Crops and Products (2022) 184, 115103
<p>Open Dataset of: TG, XRD data and Origin file (*.opju) of particle size distribution, calorimetry, compressive strength (mortar + paste), water absorption coefficient/open porosity from publication Sikora P., Woliński P., Chougan M., Madraszewski S., Węgrzyński W., Papis B.K., Federowicz K., Ghaffar S.H., Stephan D. A systematic experimental study on biochar-cementitious composites: Towards carbon sequestration. Industrial Crops and Products (2022) 184, 115103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115103<br> 122758</p>
Data for "biochar-composting substantially reduces methane and air pollutant emissions from dairy manure"
<p>Dataset showing:</p> <p>1) Weekly compost NH4 concentrations</p> <p>2) Weekly compost NO3 concentrations</p> <p>3) Weekly compost C, N, O, H</p> <p>4) Weekly compost pH and EC</p> <p>5) Daily compost temperature</p> <p>6) Weekly compost moisture</p> <p>7) Weekly compost porosity</p> <p>8) Final compost CEC</p> <p>9) Final compost germination indexes</p> <p>10) AP3 integrated assessment model results</p> <p>11) Daily compost gas fluxes</p>
Soil amendment with biochar and manure alters wood stake decomposition and fungal community composition
<p><span>Biochar and manure can be used for </span>sustainable land management<span>. However, little is known about how soil amendments might affect surface- and below-ground microbial processes and subsequent wood decomposition</span>. In a split-split-split plot design, we amended soil with two rates of manure (whole plot; 0 and 9 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>) and biochar (split-plot; 0 and 10 Mg ha<sup>-1</sup>). <span>Wood stakes of three species (hybrid poplar, triploid<em> Populus tomentosa</em> Carr.; aspen, <em>Populus tremuloides</em> Michx.; and pine, <em>Pinus taeda</em> L.) were placed in two positions (horizontally on the soil surface, and inserted vertically in the mineral soil), which served as </span>a substrate for fungal growth<span>. In 3 years, the decomposition rate (mass loss), moisture content, and fungal community (via high-throughput sequencing methods) of stakes were evaluated. Results indicated</span> that <span>biochar and/or manure increased the wood stake decomposition rates, moisture content, and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) abundance. However, the richness and diversity of fungi </span>were<span> dependent on wood stake position (surface > mineral), species (pine > the two <em>Populus</em>), and sample dates. This study highlights that soil amendment with biochar and/or manure can alter the fungal community, which in turn can enhance an important soil process (i.e., decomposition). </span></p>
Digital research data from: Magnesium activation affects the properties and phosphate sorption capacity of poultry litter biochar
<p>This is digital research data corresponding to a published manuscript, <em>Magnesium activation affects the properties and phosphate sorption capacity of poultry litter biochar</em>. Biochar 5:64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-023-00263-5. </p> <p>Biochars with a high affinity for phosphorus (P) are promising soil amendments for reducing P in agricultural runoff. Poultry litter (PL) is an abundant biochar feedstock. However, PL-derived biochars are typically high in soluble P and therefore require chemical modification to become effective P sorbents. This study investigated the effect of magnesium (Mg) activation on extractable P (EP) and P sorption capacities of PL-derived biochars. Biochar was produced at 500–900 °C from PL activated with 0–1 M Mg. Three differentially aged PL feedstocks were evaluated (1-, 3–5-, and 7–9-year-old). </p>
Digital research data from: Evaluation of a pH- and time-dependent model for the sorption of heavy metal cations by poultry litter-derived biochar
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PFAS and nitrate leaching from undisturbed soil columns receiving biosolids and mitigation potential of biochar
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Code and data in support of: Uncertainty in determining carbon dioxide removal potential of biochar
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Earthworms increase the potential for enzymatic bio-activation of biochars made from co-pyrolyzing animal manures and plastic wastes
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Digital research data from: Magnesium activation affects the properties and phosphate sorption capacity of poultry litter biochar
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Dataset for: Exploring the legacy effect of biochar application on soil nitrous oxide emissions
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Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer promote rice yield by altering soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure
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