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1,729 results for “biodiversity data”
Data and statistical code for "Reconciling biodiversity with timber production and revenue via an intensive forest management experiment"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Understanding how land-management intensification shapes the relationships between biodiversity, yield and economic benefit is critical for managing natural resources. Yet, manipulative experiments that test how herbicides affect these relationships are scarce, particularly in forest ecosystems where considerable time lags exist between harvest revenue and initial investments. We assessed these relationships by combining 7 years of biodiversity surveys (>800 taxa) and forecasts of timber yield and economic return from a replicated, large-scale experiment that manipulated herbicide application intensity in operational timber plantations. Herbicides reduced species richness across trophic groups (-18%), but responses by higher-level trophic groups were more variable (0–38% reduction) than plant responses (-40%). Financial discounting, a conventional economic method to standardize past and future cashflows, strongly modified biodiversity-revenue relationships caused by management intensity. Despite a projected 28% timber yield gain with herbicides, biodiversity-revenue tradeoffs were muted when opportunity costs were high (i.e., economic discount rates ≥7%). Although herbicides can drive biodiversity-yield tradeoffs, under certain conditions, financial discounting provides opportunities to reconcile biodiversity conservation with revenue.</p>
Data from: Species delimitation in endangered groundwater salamanders: implications for aquifer management and biodiversity conservation
Groundwater-dependent species are among the least-known components of global biodiversity, as well as some of the most vulnerable because of rapid groundwater depletion at regional and global scales. The karstic Edwards–Trinity aquifer system of west-central Texas is one of the most species-rich groundwater systems in the world, represented by dozens of endemic groundwater-obligate species with narrow, naturally fragmented distributions. Here, we examine how geomorphological and hydrogeological processes have driven population divergence and speciation in a radiation of salamanders (Eurycea) endemic to the Edwards–Trinity system using phylogenetic and population genetic analysis of genome-wide DNA sequence data. Results revealed complex patterns of isolation and reconnection driven by surface and subsurface hydrology, resulting in both adaptive and non-adaptive population divergence and speciation. Our results uncover new cryptic species diversity and refine the borders of several threatened and endangered species. The U.S. Endangered Species Act has been used to bring state regulation to unrestricted groundwater withdrawals in the Edwards (Balcones Fault Zone) Aquifer, where listed species are found. However, the Trinity and Edwards–Trinity (Plateau) aquifers harbor additional species with similarly small ranges that currently receive no protection from regulatory programs designed to prevent groundwater depletion. Based on regional climate models that predict increased air temperature, together with hydrologic models that project decreased springflow, we conclude that Edwards–Trinity salamanders and other co-distributed groundwater-dependent organisms are highly vulnerable to extinction within the next century.
Data supplement for "Global agricultural trade and land system sustainability: implications for ecosystem carbon storage, biodiversity and human nutrition"
<p>This data supplements the publication "Global agricultural trade and land system sustainability: implications for ecosystem carbon storage, biodiversity and human nutrition" by Thomas Kastner, Abhishek Chaudhary, Simone Gingrich, Alexandra Marques, U. Martin Persson, Giorgio Bidoglio, Gaëtane Le Provost, Florian Schwarzmüller, available here:</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.09.006">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.09.006</a></p> <p>For details, please refer to that publication.</p>
Data and R-scripts for "Land-use trajectories for sustainable land system transformations: identifying leverage points in a global biodiversity hotspot" (V2)
<p>Sustainable land system transformations are necessary to avert biodiversity and climate collapse. However, it remains unclear where entry points for transformations exist in complex land systems. Here, we conceptualize land systems along land-use trajectories, which allows us to identify and evaluate leverage points; i.e., entry points on the trajectory where targeted interventions have particular leverage to influence land-use decisions. We apply this framework in the biodiversity hotspot Madagascar. In the Northeast, smallholder agriculture results in a land-use trajectory originating in old-growth forests, spanning forest fragments, and reaching shifting hill rice cultivation and vanilla agroforests. Integrating interdisciplinary empirical data on seven taxa, five ecosystem services, and three measures of agricultural productivity, we assess trade-offs and co-benefits of land-use decisions at three leverage points along the trajectory. These trade-offs and co-benefits differ between leverage points: two leverage points are situated at the conversion of old-growth forests and forest fragments to shifting cultivation and agroforestry, resulting in considerable trade-offs, especially between endemic biodiversity and agricultural productivity. Here, interventions enabling smallholders to conserve forests are necessary. This is urgent since ongoing forest loss threatens to eliminate these leverage points due to path-dependency. The third leverage point allows for the restoration of land under shifting cultivation through vanilla agroforests and offers co-benefits between restoration goals and agricultural productivity. The co-occurring leverage points highlight that conservation and restoration are simultaneously necessary. Methodologically, the framework shows how leverage points can be identified, evaluated, and harnessed for land system transformations under the consideration of path-dependency along trajectories.</p>
Dataset: Comparative evaluation of a keyword based search and semantic search in a data portal for biodiversity research.
<p>Supplementary material for a comparative evaluation of a keyword based search and semantic search in a data portal for biodiversity research. We conducted a relevance evaluation with 6 users over 19 search questions in two search interfaces.</p> <p>The users provided up to five search questions and relevant keywords from their research background. We setup a dataset search over a corpus of ~92,000 randomly selected metadata files from GFBio (<a href="https://www.gfbio.org">https://www.gfbio.org</a>). For each of their own search queries, the users got two result sets presented. The first one displayed results obtained from a keyword search. The second panel contained dataset results from a prototypical semantic search. Instead of results with exact mentions of the query terms, the semantic search also presented related results with synonyms and more specific terms or terms obtained from concept nodes of a higher hierarchy level.</p> <p>Each user rated the relevance of his/her own search queries on a 7-point Likert scale for both search results.<br> In addition, users also assessed the expanded keywords for each question.</p> <p>More information can be found in our publication:</p> <p>Löffler, F. and Klan, F. (2016): Does Term Expansion Matter for the Retrieval of Biodiversity Data? in Joint Proceedings of the Posters and Demos Track of the 12th International Conference on Semantic Systems - SEMANTiCS2016 and the 1st International Workshop on Semantic Change & Evolving Semantics (SuCCESS'16), co-located with the 12th International Conference on Semantic Systems (SEMANTiCS 2016),2016, <a href="http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1695/paper2.pdf">http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1695/paper2.pdf</a></p> <p> </p>
Data on public perceptions of, attitudes towards, and values for managing urban green infrastructure for carbon, biodiversity, and well-being outcomes in Helsinki, Finland
<p>A public participatory GIS -survey dataset detailing public perceptions of, attitudes towards, and values for managing urban green infrastructure for carbon, biodiversity, and well-being outcomes in Helsinki, Finland.</p>
Biodiversity patterns of epipelagic copepods in the South Pacific Ocean: Strengths and limitations of current data bases
<p>These data were used for the development of the paper "<strong>Biodiversity patterns of epipelagic copepods in the South Pacific Ocean: Strengths and limitations of current data bases</strong>". Especifically, we added ecological and environmental data that were used for modeling.</p>
Data from: Species delimitation in endangered groundwater salamanders: implications for aquifer management and biodiversity conservation
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Using Biodiversity Data to Assess Species-Habitat Relationships in Glacier National Park, Montana
Biodiversity surveys are becoming increasingly popular. However, standard analysis techniques for these data have not yet been developed. This paper explores the use of multivariate ordination techniques for assessing species-habitat relationships using biodiversity data. The research was conducted in Glacier National Park, Montana, and birds and butterflies were chosen as the taxonomic groups of study. Biodiversity assessment sites were established through a range of habitats and monitored from 1987 through 1989. Presence/absence sampling over the total number of sampling sites was used to classify species commonness and rarity. Approximately 86% of the historically recorded butterflies and 70% of the historically recorded bird species have been observed in the 3 yr of sampling. During the 3 yr of this study there was a striking continuity of species richness per site. There was also a striking overlap between the sites that support high species diversity and sites that support rare species. Principal components analysis and cluster analysis worked well in discerning species-habitat relationships. Elevation, structural diversity of the site, and moisture were the major factors explaining species distributions. A chi-square analysis also provided some insights into species-habitat relationships, showing birds were more habitat specific than butterflies. Habitat diversity analyses demonstrated a positive but non-significant correlation between remotely sense spectral-class diversity of a site and species richness for both birds and butterflies. Aspect, slope and elevation diversity had a negative or negligible relationship with species richness.
Plant aboveground biomass data: BAC: Biodiversity and Climate (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/124/5, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-cdr/386/8. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Climate changes forecast for our region by GCM???s and shifts in biodiversity and composition each have the potential to alter ecosystem functioning; their interactive effects are unknown. The "BAC" experiment is designed to determine the direct and interactive effects of plant species numbers, plant community composition, temperature, and precipitation on 11 productivity, C and N dynamics, stability, and plant, microbe, and insect species abundances in CDR grassland ecosystems.
Root biomass data: Biodiversity II: Effects of Plant Biodiversity on Population and Ecosystem Processes
Biodiversity II (E120) is designed to determine how the number of plant species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year, that result can be examined. Plots are large (9m x 9m actively maintained) and well-replicated, allowing responses of plant pathogens, insect herbivores, seed predators, soil parameters, invasive plant species and other variables to also be studied. Plots were seeded in May 1994 to have 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 species, with roughly 30 replicates of each diversity level. The species composition of each plot was chosen by random draw from a pool of 18 grassland perennials that included four warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, four non-legume forbs, and two woody species. All species occur in monoculture allowing comparison of responses of each species in monoculture to combinations of these same species. The experiment was established in 1994 by the lead investigators David Tilman, Peter Reich, Johannes Knops, and David Wedin. Experiment 120 is similar to Experiment 123, but it uses larger plots to provide a large capacity for long-term subexperiments.
Plant aboveground biomass data: Biodiversity II: Effects of Plant Biodiversity on Population and Ecosystem Processes
Biodiversity II (E120) is designed to determine how the number of plant species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year, that result can be examined. Plots are large (9m x 9m actively maintained) and well-replicated, allowing responses of plant pathogens, insect herbivores, seed predators, soil parameters, invasive plant species and other variables to also be studied. Plots were seeded in May 1994 to have 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 species, with roughly 30 replicates of each diversity level. The species composition of each plot was chosen by random draw from a pool of 18 grassland perennials that included four warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, four non-legume forbs, and two woody species. All species occur in monoculture allowing comparison of responses of each species in monoculture to combinations of these same species. The experiment was established in 1994 by the lead investigators David Tilman, Peter Reich, Johannes Knops, and David Wedin. Experiment 120 is similar to Experiment 123, but it uses larger plots to provide a large capacity for long-term subexperiments.
Plant aboveground biomass data: BioCON : Biodiversity, Elevated CO2, and N Enrichment
BioCON (Biodiversity, CO2, and Nitrogen) is an ecological experiment started in 1997 at the University of Minnesota's Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve. BioCON's goal is to explore the ways in which plant communities will respond to three environmental changes that are known to be occurring on a global scale: increasing nitrogen deposition, increasing atmospheric CO2, and decreasing biodiversity. Why Biodiversity, CO2, and Nitrogen? While there are many uncertainties in global change biology, there are also some well documented facts. Some of these are: 1. The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is rising. Since the industrial revolution, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has increased from approximately 275 parts per million (ppm) to about 378 ppm today. This has been largely the result of fossil fuel burning. It is expected that CO2 levels will continue to rise, and that by the year 2050 these levels will be approximately 550 ppm. CO2 is the raw material for photosynthesis and is known to affect plant growth and development. 2. The amount of nitrogen moving through terrestrial ecosystems has increased in the recent past. While natural "background" levels of nitrogen fixation have remained constant, human additions to the system through fertilizer production and fossil fuel use have increased dramatically. Nitrogen is a key nutrient for plant growth and plays a critical role in plant community structure and composition in many environments. 3. Biodiversity levels are falling. While the research and data are not as complete as they are for CO2 and nitrogen, data indicate that the number of species globally, is being reduced. Perhaps more important for ecosystem function, diversity levels on local to regional scales have fallen due to land use change, biotic invasion and many other drivers. While much is known about how each of these factors affects ecosystem functioning, many questions remain. There is also little data on how these issues affe
Daily summary precipitation data from a tipping bucket rain gauge near former Jornada Basin LTER Biodiversity study site, 1996-ongoing
This data package contains daily precipitation values from a rain gauge near the former Biodiversity study site at the Jornada Basin LTER in southern New Mexico, USA. Data collection at the Biodiversity site began in 1996 and is now complete. Data collection from the tipping bucket rain gauge near this site commenced in April 1996. The data file included here reports daily precipitation totals in millimeters (mm). Data collection from this tipping bucket rain gauge is ongoing and collected on a monthly basis (data package may be updated less frequently).
High resolution precipitation event data from a tipping bucket gauge near former Jornada Basin LTER Biodiversity study site, 1996-ongoing
This data package contains high temporal resolution values from a tipping bucket rain gauge during rain events near the former Biodiversity study site at the Jornada Basin LTER in southern New Mexico, USA. Data collection at the Biodiversity site began in 1996 and is now complete. Data collection from the tipping bucket rain gauge near this site commenced in April 1996. The data file included here reports 1-second (1997-2016) or 1-minute (2016-present) frequency precipitation data, in millimeters, from this rain gauge during precipitation events. There are no data records for rain amounts less than 0.1 mm. Data collection from this tipping bucket rain gauge is ongoing and collected on a monthly basis (data package may be updated less frequently).
Data from: Multi-taxon inventory reveals highly consistent biodiversity responses to ecospace variation
Amidst the global biodiversity crisis, identifying general principles for variation in biodiversity remains a key challenge. Scientific consensus is limited to a few macroecological rules, such as species richness increasing with area, which provide limited guidance for conservation. In fact, few agreed ecological principles apply at the scale of sites or reserve management, partly because most community-level studies are restricted to single habitat types and species groups. We used the recently proposed ecospace framework and a comprehensive data set for aggregating environmental variation to predict multi-taxon diversity. We studied richness of plants, fungi, and arthropods in 130 sites representing the major terrestrial habitat types in Denmark. We found the abiotic environment (ecospace position) to be pivotal for the richness of primary producers (vascular plants, mosses, and lichens) and, more surprisingly, little support for ecospace continuity as a driver. A peak in richness at intermediate productivity adds new empirical evidence to a long-standing debate over biodiversity responses to productivity. Finally, we discovered a dominant and positive response of fungi and insect richness to organic matter accumulation and diversification (ecospace expansion). Two simple models of producer and consumer richness accounted for 77 % of the variation in multi-taxon species richness suggesting a significant potential for generalization beyond individual species responses. Our study widens the traditional conservation focus on vegetation and vertebrate populations unravelling the importance of diversification of carbon resources for diverse heterotrophs, such as fungi and insects.
Data from: DNA metabarcoding for biodiversity monitoring in a national park: screening for invasive and pest species
<ol> <li><span>DNA metabarcoding was utilized for a large-scale, multi-year assessment of biodiversity in Malaise trap collections from the Bavarian Forest National Park (Germany, Bavaria). </span></li> <li><span>Principal Component Analysis of read count-based biodiversities revealed clustering in concordance with whether collection sites were located inside or outside of the National Park.</span></li> <li><span>Jaccard distance matrices of the presences of BINs at collection sites in the two survey years (2016 and 2018) were significantly correlated.</span></li> <li><span>Overall similar patterns in the presence of total arthropod BINs, as well as BINs belonging to four major arthropod orders across the study area, were observed in both survey years, and are also comparable with results of a previous study based on DNA barcoding of Sanger-sequenced specimens.</span></li> <li><span>A custom reference sequence library was assembled from publicly available data to screen for pest or invasive arthropods among the specimens or from the preservative ethanol.</span></li> <li> <span>A single 98.6% match to the invasive bark beetle </span><span>Ips duplicatus</span><span> was detected in an ethanol sample. This species has not previously been detected in the National Park.</span> </li> </ol>
Data: Evolution of anatomical concept usage over time: Mining 200 years of biodiversity literature
<p>This data package contains data and results corresponding to the paper titled "Evolution of anatomical concept usage over time: Mining 200 years of biodiversity literature". </p>
Figure 9b. from: A first integrative study of the identity and origins of the British Dwarf Pill Millipede populations, Trachysphaera cf. lobata (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae) - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5176 (09 June 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5176
Figure 9b. - Taxonomically informative character examples. Abbreviations: AS = anal shield; T10 = tergite 10; c8 = male tergite 10, posterior margin, number of rows of large bacilli; c12 = male anal shield, shape. For more information on characters and states see Table 2.Figure 9a.TW30: T.lobata, male, South Wales (MBsID: 852824). Character states: two rows of bacilli on posterior edge of T10 (c8/1) and well-rounded anal shield (c12/0). This set of character states is (in our sample) unique for T.lobata.Figure 9b.GL07: T.cf.rousseti, male, Spain (MBsID: 852825). Character states: one row of bacilli on posterior edge of T10 (c8/0) and anal shield with special protuberance (c12/1). This set of character states is (in our sample) shared by T.pyrenaica, T.cf.rousseti, and T.cf.drescoi. <br>
Figure 9a. from: A first integrative study of the identity and origins of the British Dwarf Pill Millipede populations, Trachysphaera cf. lobata (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae) - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5176 (09 June 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5176
Figure 9a. - Taxonomically informative character examples. Abbreviations: AS = anal shield; T10 = tergite 10; c8 = male tergite 10, posterior margin, number of rows of large bacilli; c12 = male anal shield, shape. For more information on characters and states see Table 2.Figure 9a.TW30: T.lobata, male, South Wales (MBsID: 852824). Character states: two rows of bacilli on posterior edge of T10 (c8/1) and well-rounded anal shield (c12/0). This set of character states is (in our sample) unique for T.lobata.Figure 9b.GL07: T.cf.rousseti, male, Spain (MBsID: 852825). Character states: one row of bacilli on posterior edge of T10 (c8/0) and anal shield with special protuberance (c12/1). This set of character states is (in our sample) shared by T.pyrenaica, T.cf.rousseti, and T.cf.drescoi. <br>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.