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75 results for “biological interactions”
Fig. 3 in Effect of tenthredinid leaf miner invasions on growth of Alaska white birch in Anchorage, Alaska, USA, and the interaction with biological control of amber-marked birch leaf miner
Fig. 3. Trends in annual radial growth increment (mm) from Alaska white birch (Betula neoalaskana) in Anchorage, Alaska (n = 99 cores) during each of 3 periods: (A) the pre-amber-marked birch leaf miner (Profenusa thomsoni) outbreak period (1984–1995, (B) the amber-marked birch leaf miner outbreak period (1996– 2007), and (C) the biological control amber-marked birch leaf miner suppression period (2008–2018).
Experimental evaluation of how biological invasions and climate change interact to alter the vertical assembly of an amphibian community
<ol> <li>While biotic-abiotic interactions are increasingly documented in nature, a process-based understanding of how such interactions influence community assembly is lacking in the ecological literature. Perhaps the most emblematic and pervasive example of such interactions is the synergistic threat to biodiversity posed by climate change and invasive species. Invasive species often out-compete or prey on native species. Despite this long-standing and widespread issue, little is known about how abiotic conditions, such as climate change, will influence the frequency and severity of negative biotic interactions that threaten the persistence of native fauna.</li> <li>Treefrogs are a globally diverse group of amphibians that climb to complete life-cycle processes, such as foraging and reproduction, as well as to evade predators and competitors, resulting in frog communities that are vertically partitioned. Furthermore, treefrogs adjust their vertical position to maintain optimal body temperature and hydration in response to environmental change. Here, utilizing this model group, we designed a novel experiment to determine how extrinsic abiotic and biotic factors (changes to water availability and an introduced predator, respectively) interact with intrinsic biological traits, such as individual physiology and behavior, to influence treefrogs’ vertical niche. </li> <li>Our study found that treefrogs adjusted their vertical niche through displacement behaviors in accordance with abiotic resources. However, biotic interactions resulted in native treefrogs distancing themselves from abiotic resources to avoid the non-native species. Importantly, under altered abiotic conditions, both native species avoided the non-native species – more than they avoided their native counterpart. Additionally, exposure to the non-native species resulted in native species altering their tree climbing behaviors by and becoming more vertically dynamic to avoid the non-native antagonist.</li> <li>Our experiment determined that vertical niche selection and community interactions were most accurately represented by a biotic-abiotic interaction model, rather than a model that considers these factors to operate in an isolated (singular) or even additive manner. Our study provides evidence that native species may be resilient to interacting disturbances via physiological adaptations to local climate and plasticity in space-use behaviors that mediate the impact of the introduced predator. </li> </ol>
Interactions among multiple stressors vary with exposure duration and biological response
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Temporal variation in plant-pollinator interactions, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, CO, USA, 2013 - 2015
These datafiles contain the plant-pollinator interaction data collected by Paul CaraDonna et al. at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory in Gothic, CO, USA during the 2013, 2014 and 2015 growing season. These data were collected to investigate temporal variation in plant-pollinator interactions; specifically, these data were collected in a manner to allow for the construction of weekly plant-pollinator interaction networks in order to investigate fine scale temporal variation in plant-pollinator interactions. The data represent extensive community-wide field observations of animal pollinators visiting flowering plants in a subalpine ecosystem for the majority of the summer growing season (May–September).
Data for the manuscript 'Biological response to the interaction of a mesoscale eddy and the river plume in the northern South China Sea'
<p>Satellite data includes daily sea-level anomaly from AVISO, daily surface chlorophyll a data from OC-CCI and sea surface salinity obtained from SMAP. Model simulated daily current, temperature, salinity, chlorophyll and nitrate concentration for three experiments (control, case1 and case2) from our coupled physical-biological model of the South China Sea . For chlorophyll and nitrate concentration, the dataset also includes the 16-day averaged budget terms along section S1. The modeled lagrangian particl tracking data is also avaiable. And all data and matlab scripts used to draw Fig. 1 to Fig. 10 are in Figure_data.rar file.</p>
Data for: A diverse parasite pool can improve effectiveness of biological control constrained by genotype-by-genotype interactions
<p>The outcomes of biological control programs can be highly variable, with natural enemies often failing to establish or spread in pest populations. This variability has posed a major obstacle in use of the bacterial parasite <em>Pasteuria</em> <em>penetrans</em> for biological control of <em>Meloidogyne</em> species, economically devastating plant-parasitic nematodes for which there are limited management options. A leading hypothesis for this variability in control is that infection is successful only for specific combinations of bacterial and nematode genotypes. Under this hypothesis, failure of biological control results from the use of <em>P</em>. <em>penetrans</em> genotypes that cannot infect local <em>Meloidogyne</em> genotypes. We tested this hypothesis using isofemale lines of <em>M</em>. <em>arenaria</em> derived from a single field population and multiple sources of <em>P</em>. <em>penetrans</em> from the same and nearby fields. In strong support of the hypothesis, susceptibility to infection depended on the specific combination of host line and parasite source, with lines of <em>M</em>. <em>arenaria</em> varying substantially in which <em>P</em>. <em>penetrans</em> source could infect them. In light of this result, we tested whether using a diverse pool of <em>P</em>. <em>penetrans</em> could increase infection and thereby control. We found that increasing the diversity of the <em>P</em>. <em>penetrans</em> inoculum from one to eight sources more than doubled the fraction of <em>M</em>. <em>arenaria</em> individuals susceptible to infection and reduced variation in susceptibility across host lines. Together, our results highlight genotype-by-genotype specificity as an important cause of variation in biological control and call for the maintenance of genetic diversity in natural enemy populations.</p>
Bryophytes enhance nitrogen content in decaying wood via biological interactions
<p>An increase in the nitrogen (N) content in coarse woody debris (CWD) facilitates its decomposition, affecting the cycling of N and other nutrients in forest ecosystems. Bryophytes may increase the N content by transferring the N in bryophyte tissues to the underlying CWD. This study examined whether and how bryophytes increase N content in the underlying CWD using N-stable isotope ratios (δ<sup>15</sup>N) as tracers for N sources. The N content and δ<sup>15</sup>N values in CWD with bryophytes were significantly higher than those in CWD without bryophytes. However, the δ<sup>15</sup>N values in CWD with bryophytes differed significantly from those in bryophytes on CWD, demonstrating that the N in bryophytes did not cause the increase in N content in CWD. The analyses using δ<sup>15</sup>N further indicated that the high N content in CWD with bryophytes may be attributed to increased N supply from wood-decomposing fungi and N-fixing bacteria. This increase in N content may result from the enhanced moisture content in CWD beneath bryophytes, which facilitates the activity of wood-decomposing fungi and N-fixing bacteria. Notably, the influence of bryophytes on the N content in CWD differed between bryophyte life forms: bryophytes that form dense mats increased the N content in CWD, whereas those with loose mats decreased the N content. This difference can be explained by the greater humidity experienced by CWD with bryophytes forming dense mats than that experienced by CWD with bryophytes forming loose mats. Given that the N content in CWD affects the decay processes, the results highlight the importance of biological interactions associated with bryophytes in forest ecosystems.</p>
Mechanistic interactions as the origin of modularity in biological networks
<p>Biological networks are often modular. Explanations for this peculiarity either assume an adaptive advantage of a modular design such as higher robustness, or attribute it to neutral factors such as constraints underlying network assembly. Interestingly, most insights on the origin of modularity stem from models in which interactions are either determined by highly simplistic mechanisms or have no mechanistic basis at all. Yet, empirical knowledge suggests that biological interactions are often mediated by complex structural or behavioural traits. Here, we investigate the origins of modularity using a model in which interactions are determined by potentially complex traits. Specifically, we model system elements - such as the species in an ecosystem - as finite-state machines (FSMs) and determine their interactions by means of communication between the corresponding FSMs. Using this model, we show that modularity likely emerges for free. We further find that the more modular an interaction network is, the less complex are the traits that mediate the interactions. Altogether, our results suggest that the conditions for modularity to evolve may be much broader than previously thought.</p>
An innovative approach combining metabarcoding and ecological interaction networks for selecting candidate biological control agents
<p>Classical biological control (CBC) can be used to decrease the density of invasive species to below an acceptable ecological and economic threshold. Natural enemies specific to the invasive species are selected from its native range and released into the invaded range. This approach has drawbacks, despite the performance of specificity tests to ensure its safety, because the fundamental host range defined under controlled conditions does not represent the actual host range <em>in natura, </em>and these tests omit indirect interactions within community.</p> <p>We focus on <em>Sonchus oleraceus</em> (Asteraceae), a weed species originating from Western Palearctic that is invasive in many countries and notably in Australia. We explore how analyses of interaction network within its native range can be used to 1) inventory herbivores associated to the target plant, 2) characterize their ecological host ranges, and 3) guide the selection of candidate biocontrol agents considering interactions with species from higher trophic levels. Arthropods were collected from plant community sympatric to <em>S. oleraceus</em>, in three bioclimatic regions, and interactions were inferred by a combination of molecular and morphological approaches.</p> <p>The networks reconstructed were structured in several trophic levels from basal species (plant community), to intermediate and top species (herbivorous arthropods and their natural enemies). The subnetwork centered on <em>S. oleraceus</em> related interactions contained 116 taxa and 213 interactions. We identified 47 herbivores feeding on <em>S. oleraceus</em>, 15 of which were specific to the target species. Some discrepancies with respect to published findings or conventional specificity tests suggested possible insufficient sampling effort for the recording of interactions or the existence of cryptic species. Among potential candidate agents, 6 exhibited interactions with natural enemies.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Adopting a network approach as prerequisite step of the classical biological control program can provide a rapid screening of potential agents to be tested in priority. Once ecological host range defined, we suggest that priority should be given to agent used by a minimum species, and, when they exist, to agents that possess enemies from the most distant taxonomical group from those occurring in the range of introduction.</p>
Data from: Traits across trophic levels interact to influence parasitoid establishment in biological control releases
<p><span>A central goal in ecology is to </span><span>predict what governs a species' ability to establish in a new environment.</span><span> One mechanism driving </span><span>establishment success</span><span> is individual species' traits, but the role of trait combinations among interacting species across different trophic levels are less clear. Deliberate or accidental species additions to existing communities provide opportunities to study larger scale patterns of establishment success. Biological control introductions are especially valuable because they contain data on both the successfully established and unestablished species. </span></p> <p><span>Here, we supplemented a recent dataset of importation biological control introductions with life-history traits for the parasitoid species and the herbivorus hosts they were released to control </span><span>to explore how life-history traits of 132 parasitoid species and their herbivorous hosts interact to affect </span><span>parasitoid establishment. </span><span>We find that</span><span> of five parasitoid and herbivore traits investigated, one</span> <span>parasitoid trait—host range—weakly predicts parasitoid establishment; parasitoids with higher levels of phylogenetic specialization have higher establishment success, though the effect is marginal. In addition, parasitoids are more likely to establish when their herbivore host has had a shorter residence time. Interestingly, we do not corroborate earlier findings that gregarious parasitoids and endo-parasitoids are more likely to establish. Most importantly, we find that life-history traits of </span><span>the parasitoid species </span><span>and their hosts can interact</span><span> to influence establishment. Specifically, parasitoids with broader host ranges are more likely to establish when the herbivore they have been released to control is also </span><span>more of </span><span>a generalist. These results provide insight into how multiple </span><span>species'</span><span> traits and their interactions</span><span>,</span><span> both within and across trophic levels</span><span>,</span><span> can </span><span>influence establishment of species of higher trophic levels</span><span>.</span></p>
Bryophytes enhance nitrogen content in decaying wood via biological interactions
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An innovative approach combining metabarcoding and ecological interaction networks for selecting candidate biological control agents
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Data from: Traits across trophic levels interact to influence parasitoid establishment in biological control releases
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Data from: Interaction of sequence data and paleogeographic priors in biogeographic dating: How could biological data inform time-constrained geological models?
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Data for: A diverse parasite pool can improve effectiveness of biological control constrained by genotype-by-genotype interactions
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Interaction between climate change scenarios and biological invasion reveals complex cascading effects in freshwater ecosystems
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Mechanistic interactions as the origin of modularity in biological networks
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Data from: Biological and statistical processes jointly drive population aggregation: using host–parasite interactions to understand Taylor's power law
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The spatial analysis of biological interactions: morphological variation responding to the co-occurrence of competitors and resources
By sharing geographic space, species are forced to interact with one another and the contribution of this process to evolutionary and ecological patterns of individual species is not fully understood. At the same time, species turnover makes that species composition varies from one area to another, so the analysis of biological interaction cannot be uncoupled from the spatial context. This is particularly important for clades that show high degree of specialization such as hummingbirds, where any variation in biotic pressures might lead to changes in morphology. Here, we describe the influence of biological interactions on the morphology of Hylocharis leucotis by simultaneously considering potential competition and diet resources. We characterized the extent of local potential competition and local available floral resources by correlating two measurements of hummingbird diversity, floral resources and the size of morphological space of H. leucotis along its geographic distribution. We found that H. leucotis shows an important morphological variability across its range and two groups can be recognized. Surprisingly, morphological variation is not always linked to local hummingbird richness or the phylogenetic similarity of. Only in the southern part of its distribution, H. leucotis is morphologically more variable in those communities where it coexist with closely related hummingbird species. We also found that morphological variation in H. leucotis is independent from the availability of floral resources. Our results suggest that abiotic factors might be responsible for morphological differences across populations in Hylocharis leucotis being biological interactions of minor importance.
Fig. 3 in Insemination by a kiss? Interactive 3D-microanatomy, biology and systematics of the mesopsammic cephalaspidean sea slug Pluscula cuica Marcus, 1953 from Brazil (Gastropoda: Euopisthobranchia: Philinoglossidae)
Fig. 3 Schematic dorsal view of the reproductive system, anterior at right. am Ampulla, bc bursa copulatrix, bs bursa stalk, eg egg, fg1 albumen gland, fg2 membrane gland, fg3 thin portion of mucus gland, fg4 large portion of mucus gland, gd gonoduct, gof female genital
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.