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71 results for “blastoid”
Fig. 3 in New insights into the origin and relationships of blastoid echinoderms
Fig. 3. Subterminal branching of the radial water vessel in a Recent cidarid echinoid Eucidaris metularia (Lamarck, 1816). Black arrow indicates the point where the next branch of the radial water vessel would arise, whereas the tip of the radial water vessel emerges through the ocular pore. Thus, although ambulacral and interambulacral plates are added to the corona terminally, branches of the radial water vessel to the tube feet are subterminal. G, genital plate; GP, genital pore; IA, interambulacral plate; O, ocular plate; OP, ocular pore; RWV, radial water vessel (internal).
Fig. 2 in New insights into the origin and relationships of blastoid echinoderms
Fig. 2. Growth zone as seen in a brachiole of the early Cambrian blastozoan, Kinzercystis durhami Sprinkle, 1973, early Cambrian, Pennsylvania, USA. The brachiole consists of a central alternating pair of columns of floor (brachiolar) plates, with a single series of cover plates along each lateral margin. Plates are added at the distal tip according to the ocular plate rule. Ventral (A1), right lateral (A2), and dorsal (A3) views; cross section (A4). Arrow indicates growth direction. Redrawn and simplified from Sprinkle 1973: 16, fig. 5A.
Fig. 1 in New insights into the origin and relationships of blastoid echinoderms
Fig. 1. Growth zone of ambulacrum B in the irregular echinoid Echinocyamus bisexus Kier, 1968, Eocene, Georgia, USA. An echinoid growth zone consists of four columns of plates, two central ambulacral columns the plates of which alternate, flanked by single columns of interambulacral plates (light grey shading). All the plates of a growth zone are added adjacent to the ocular plate at the aboral tip of each ambulacrum (on the opposite surface of the echinoid). The first two ambulacral plates to form during growth, the basicoronal plates adjacent to the mouth (M), express Lovén's Law. A, B, C, D, E, Carpenter's (1884, 1891) ambulacra; An, anus; H, hydropore (madreporite) on the opposite surface of the echinoid; L, left; R, right, designate ambulacral columns; M, mouth. Modified from Paul and Hotchkiss 2020: fig. 3.
FIGURE 4 in Visualizing the fluid flow through the complex skeletonized respiratory structures of a blastoid echinoderm
FIGURE 4. Visualization of the flow within the 3D printed model (Re = 0.376, see Table 1). Flow in the folds consists of horizontal bands of distinct red and blue color, indicating no adoral component to flow and no mixing within the folds, consistent with Hypothesis 2 (see text, Figure 2.2). The still used in the print version of this paper is a single frame from the flow pattern observed, showing the steady-state flow pattern after nine minutes of flow. The animation is sped up 16x (for video see palaeo-electronica.org/content/2015/1073-blastoid-hydrospire-fluid-flow).
FIGURE 2. Schematic showing hypothesized flow patterns within the hydrospire folds. 2.1 in Visualizing the fluid flow through the complex skeletonized respiratory structures of a blastoid echinoderm
FIGURE 2. Schematic showing hypothesized flow patterns within the hydrospire folds. 2.1, In Hypothesis 1, the flow has an adoral component representing respiratory leakage. 2.2, In Hypothesis 2, the flow is entirely radial, without leakage. See text for further discussion.
FIGURE 3 in Visualizing the fluid flow through the complex skeletonized respiratory structures of a blastoid echinoderm
FIGURE 3. Digital and physical models use to visualize fluid flow. 3.1, Digital solid model of approximately the lower quarter of a hydrospire of Pentremites rusticus, using Blender (see text). 3.2, 3D-printed rendering of the digital model, shown with inlet headers connected.
FIGURE 1 in Visualizing the fluid flow through the complex skeletonized respiratory structures of a blastoid echinoderm
FIGURE 1. Anatomy of the hydrospires of the blastoid Pentremites rusticus. 1.1, Location of one of the five radially distributed hydrospires within the calyx, showing incurrent hydrospire pores, and excurrent spiracle (inferred direction of water flow indicated by the arrows). 1.2, Oblique view of a section of a hydrospire and associated structures. Modified from Schmidtling and Marshall (2010).
Fig. 25 in New insights into the origin and relationships of blastoid echinoderms
Fig. 25. Strict consensus tree for taxa listed in Table 1.
Data from: Early post-metamorphic, Carboniferous blastoid reveals the evolution and development of the digestive system in early echinoderms
Inferring the development of the earliest echinoderms is critical to uncovering the evolutionary assembly of the phylum-level body plan but has long proven problematic because early ontogenetic stages are rarely preserved as fossils. Here, we use synchrotron tomography to describe a new early post-metamorphic blastoid echinoderm from the Carboniferous (approx. 323 Ma) of China. The resulting three-dimensional reconstruction reveals a U-shaped tubular structure in the fossil interior, which is interpreted as the digestive tract. Comparisons with the developing gut of modern crinoids demonstrate that crinoids are an imperfect analogue for many extinct groups. Furthermore, consideration of our findings in a phylogenetic context allows us to reconstruct the evolution and development of the digestive system in echinoderms more broadly; there was a transition from a straight to a simple curved gut early in the phylum's evolution, but additional loops and coils of the digestive tract (as seen in crinoids) were not acquired until much later.
Fig. 19 in New insights into the origin and relationships of blastoid echinoderms
Fig. 19. Oral area of the rhombiferid Rhombifera bohemica Barrande, 1867, repository unknown, Late Ordovician, Czech Republic, showing interpretation of oral plating. A1, latex cast of oral area; A2, the same with interpretation of oral plating superimposed; A3, interpretation of oral plating. An, position of anus; H, position of supposed hydropore; M, mouth; O1–O6, first oral plates; R1–R5, radial plates, which bear the ambulacral facets. R3 supports facet for ambulacrum A, R4 ambulacrum B, etc. clockwise around the mouth. Early glyptocystitoids had six radials. In the Rhombiferidae Kesling, 1962, there are only five; R6 is missing. Photograph from Kesling 1962: pl. 2, fig. 1, right.
Data from: Hydrospire morphology and implications for blastoid phylogeny
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Data from: Early post-metamorphic, Carboniferous blastoid reveals the evolution and development of the digestive system in early echinoderms
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Single-cell RNA-seq for mouse NrESC-blastoids
GEO Series GSE217826. Mus musculus. 3 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Modelling human pre-gastulation development by 3D culture of blastoids generated from the primed-to-naive transitioning intermediates [RNA-seq]
GEO Series GSE200933. Homo sapiens. 8 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
RNA-seq for siNr1h2 in mouse blastoid samples and T0901317-treatment in mouse ESC and EPSC
GEO Series GSE210788. Mus musculus. 8 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Human blastoids model blastocyst development and implantation
GEO Series GSE177689. Homo sapiens. 2776 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Self-renewing human naïve pluripotent stem cells dedifferentiate in 3D culture and form blastoids spontaneously
GEO Series GSE252114. Homo sapiens. 164 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Establishment of bovine extraembryonic endoderm stem cells enables efficient blastoid formation
GEO Series GSE283042. Bos taurus. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing; Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Human blastoids model blastocyst development and implantation [scRNAseq]
GEO Series GSE177616. Homo sapiens. 2715 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Bulk and single-cell RNA-seq of mouse blastocyst, blastoid Trophoblast stem cells and Embryonic stem cells
GEO Series GSE99786. Mus musculus. 16 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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