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opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Limited consequences of infestation with a blood-feeding ectoparasite for the nestlings of two North Pacific seabirds

The seabird tick (Ixodes uriae) parasitizes over 60 host species in the circumpolar regions of both hemispheres, and acts as a vector for a number of potentially virulent pathogens. On Triangle Island, British Columbia, Canada, the nestlings of Cassin's Auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) and Rhinoceros Auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) are often parasitized by seabird ticks, which may affect their growth and survival in the nest. We used a logistic growth model to interpolate between successive measures of mass (g) and wing chord (mm) for 558 Cassin's Auklet and 344 Rhinoceros Auklet chicks over 11 years from 1996 to 2007. From the model, we estimated the asymptotic measure and the age at inflection point for each chick's growth trajectory, and assessed the effect of tick load relative to other sources of annual and seasonal variation in growth. Most chicks (72.4% of Cassin's Auklets, and 62.2% of Rhinoceros Auklets) hosted ≥1 ticks at least once while in the nest, and the median tick load was two in both species. The probability of hosting a tick declined strongly with chick age, such that by day 40 after hatching less than 1% hosted ticks. We found evidence that tick load had a negative effect on asymptotic weights and wing lengths of both species, but the effect was minor relative to that of other sources of annual and seasonal variation. Only at very high loads – which were rare – did ticks have effects on growth that were likely to be biologically relevant. Tick load had little effect on survival to fledging in either species.We argue that these mild effects of ticks on their hosts are consistent with a co-evolutionary process that results in intermediate virulence when parasite transmission is linked to host recovery.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Debugging diversity – a pan‐continental exploration of the potential of terrestrial blood‐feeding leeches as a vertebrate monitoring tool

The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) has become an applicable non-invasive tool with which to obtain information about biodiversity. A sub-discipline of eDNA is iDNA (invertebrate-derived DNA), where genetic material ingested by invertebrates is used to characterise the biodiversity of the species that served as hosts. While promising, these techniques are still in their infancy, as they have only been explored on limited numbers of samples from only a single or a few different locations. In this study, we investigate the suitability of iDNA extracted from more than 3,000 haematophagous terrestrial leeches as a tool for detecting a wide range of terrestrial vertebrates across five different geographical regions on three different continents. These regions cover almost the full geographical range of haematophagous terrestrial leeches, thus representing all parts of the world where this method might apply. We identify host taxa through metabarcoding coupled with high-throughput sequencing on Illumina and IonTorrent sequencing platforms to decrease economic costs and workload and thereby make the approach attractive for practitioners in conservation management. We identified hosts in four different taxonomic vertebrate classes: mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, belonging to at least 42 different taxonomic families. We find that vertebrate blood ingested by haematophagous terrestrial leeches throughout their distribution is a viable source of DNA with which to examine a wide range of vertebrates. Thus, this study provides encouraging support for the potential of haematophagous terrestrial leeches as a tool for detecting and monitoring terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity.

Fig. 3 in An exceptional case of mitochondrial tRNA duplication-deletion events in blood-feeding leeches

Fig. 3 Genetic signature of the trnD1/trnD2 genes of Placobdella species highlighted in an alignment

Fig. 4 in An exceptional case of mitochondrial tRNA duplication-deletion events in blood-feeding leeches

Fig. 4 Position of the conserved nucleotides in the P. parasitica trnD product (highlighted in purple)

Fig. 1 in An exceptional case of mitochondrial tRNA duplication-deletion events in blood-feeding leeches

Fig. 1 Maximum Likelihood tree built based on 4 concatenated molecular markers (cox1, nad1, ITS and 12S). Taxon names in orange correspond to specimens in which trnD2 was found. Taxon names in pink and blue possess, respectively, a trnD3 or trnD4 locus. Taxon names in black possess only trnD1 and the gray taxon names indicate lack of data. Horizontal bars next to taxon names represent the order and relative length of genes between atp8 and cox2. Cox2 segment is 530 bp long and the sizes of the other genes in each diagram are proportional to it. Pie charts in nodes represent the character state predicted for that node by a parsimony approach, where purple indicates presence of additional loci (trnD2–4) and white, absence. Node A represents the last common ancestor of all leeches, node B is the ancestor of all Placobdella species and node C is the first node in Placobdella which represents an ancestor with almost 100% certainty of having multiple trnD copies

Fig. 2 in An exceptional case of mitochondrial tRNA duplication-deletion events in blood-feeding leeches

Fig. 2 Predicted secondary structures of the products of trnD2 in samples that present substitutions in the GUC canonical anticodon. (A) P. rugosa, samples from Ontario, Manitoba, and Nebraska; (B) Placobdella sp. 1 AL; (C) P. kwetlumye

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Rapid evolution of reproduction without blood feeding in an invasive vector mosquito

<p>The file contains the Rproject with all the data and scripts to replicate all the analysis.</p>

A Study to Learn How the Study Medicine Called Zavegepant is Taken Up Into Blood and Breast Milk of Healthy Breast-Feeding Women

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06453356. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

WithHolding Enteral Feeds Around Blood Transfusion (International)

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05213806. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 16.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

Effects of Bolus and Continuous Nasogastric Feeding on Small Bowel Water Content and Blood Flow

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01557673. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.

Splanchnic Oxygenation Response to Feeds in Preterm Neonates: Effect of Red Blood Cell Transfusion

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03643458. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.

Effect of Oral Feeding on Gastric Emptying, Gut Blood Flow, and Hormone Responses in Obese and Healthy Weight Subjects

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03860623. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.

publicApr 2018View details →

Data from: Debugging diversity – a pan‐continental exploration of the potential of terrestrial blood‐feeding leeches as a vertebrate monitoring tool

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