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89 results for “blood parasites”
Malaria Parasite of Romanowsky-stained thick blood smears.
<p>We label 1000 Romanowsky-stained thick blood smear images previously used in actual diagnoses. This dataset has 1.000 Romanowsky-stained thick blood smear images from the INS (National Institute of Health in Colombia). The photographic records came from 100 thick blood smears (10 images of different fields per slide). There were 217 and 783 images of good quality and bad quality, respectively. Of these, 702 images were with the presence of parasites and 298 without parasites. A total of 6188 parasites (Trophozoites - 5927, Squizonts - 114, Gametocytes - 147) were labeled, whose height and width varied from 13 to 138 pixels. Each image with parasites included from one to ninety parasites, with an average of eight per image. In addition, there were 12.712 leukocytes in all the images, whose height and width varied from 15 to 222 pixels, and only in twelve of the images were no leukocytes found.</p>
Young male blackcaps with blood parasite coinfections cope with oxidative stress favouring anthocyanin-rich food during migratory fattening
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Logger data for article "Effects of blood parasite infections on spatiotemporal migration patterns and activity budgets in a long-distance migratory passerine"
<p>The supplement loggerDATA.zip is a ZIP Archive (to be unzipped e.g. with <a href="https://www.izarc.org/downloads">https://www.izarc.org/downloads</a>) containing 40 folders and one .txt file. In the readME.txt file one can find a detailed description of the folder content and the data specifications of the files used for the analyses in the article "Effects of blood parasite infections on spatiotemporal migration patterns and activity budgets in a long-distance migratory passerine".</p> <p>For more information of how the data can be analysed and visualised please see: <a href="https://kiranlda.github.io/PAMLrManual/">https://kiranlda.github.io/PAMLrManual/</a>.</p>
Migration variables and infection data for article "Effects of blood parasite infections on spatiotemporal migration patterns and activity budgets in a long-distance migratory passerine"
<p>Data related to the article "Effects of blood parasite infections on spatiotemporal migration patterns and activity budgets in a long-distance migratory passerine" in the format .csv. The 1st file (SupplTab_EcoEvo_data.csv) contains all variables used for the analyses and the 2nd file (SupplTab_EcoEvo_glossary.csv) contains explanations about the variables in the 1st file.</p>
Data from: On the specificity of avian blood parasites: revealing specific and generalist relationships between haemosporidians and biting midges
The study of host-parasite relationships involving vector-borne parasites requires understanding interactions between parasites and vectors. The capacity of haemosporidians to infect insects has clear evolutionary consequences for the transmission of diseases. Here we investigated (1) the associations between blood parasites, biting midges and birds and (2) the potential specificity between biting midge and haemosporidian haplotypes. A total of 629 parous biting midges Culicoides and 224 wild birds (belonging to seven species) from a locality of central Spain were examined individually to detect the presence of Haemoproteus and Plasmodium parasites by sequencing a fragment of the cytochrome B gene. Biting midges were identified morphologically and characterised on the basis of a fragment of the cytocrome c oxidase (COI) gene. Overall 12 Haemoproteus and 3 Plasmodium haplotypes were isolated and sequenced. Among them, 10 haplotypes were exclusively isolated from biting midges, three haplotypes only from birds and two haplotypes from both biting midges and birds. Biting midge haplotypes showed both specific and generalist relationships with Haemoproteus haplotypes but only generalist relationships with Plasmodium haplotypes. Several C. festivipennis and C. kibunesis haplotypes established significant coevolutionary links with Haemoproteus haplotypes. These results help to understand the specificity of vector-blood parasite interactions.
Parasite detection and quantification in avian blood is dependent on storage medium and duration
<p>Studies of parasites in wild animal populations often rely on molecular methods to both detect and quantify infections. However, method accuracy is likely to be influenced by the sampling approach taken prior to nucleic acid extraction. Avian Haemosporidia are studied primarily through the screening of host blood, and a range of storage mediums are available for the short- to long-term preservation of samples. Previous research has suggested that storage medium choice may impact the accuracy of PCR-based parasite detection, however, this relationship has never been explicitly tested and may be exacerbated by the duration of sample storage. These considerations could also be especially critical for sensitive molecular methods used to quantify infection (qPCR). To test the effect of storage medium and duration on Plasmodium detection and quantification, we split blood samples collected from wild birds across three medium types (filter paper, Queen's lysis buffer, and 96% ethanol) and carried out DNA extractions at five time-points (1, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months post-sampling). First, we found variation in DNA yield obtained from blood samples dependent on storage medium which had subsequent negative impacts on both detection and estimates of Plasmodium copy number. Second, we found that detection accuracy (incidence of true-positives) was highest for filter paper stored samples (97%), while accuracy for ethanol and Queen's lysis buffer-stored samples was influenced by either storage duration or extraction yield respectively. Lastly, longer storage durations were associated with decreased copy number estimates across all storage mediums; equating a 58% reduction between the first- and third-year post-sampling for lysis-stored samples. These results raise questions regarding the utility of standardising samples by dilution, while also illustrating the critical importance of considering storage approaches in studies of Haemosporidia comparing samples subjected to different storage regimes and/or stored for varying lengths of time.</p>
Parasite detection and quantification in avian blood is dependent on storage medium and duration
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Data from: On the specificity of avian blood parasites: revealing specific and generalist relationships between haemosporidians and biting midges
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Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte density and infectivity in peripheral blood and skin tissue of naturally infected parasite carriers in Burkina Faso
<p>Background </p><p>Plasmodium falciparum transmission depends on mature gametocytes that can be ingested by mosquitoes taking a blood meal on human skin. Although gametocyte skin sequestration has long been hypothesized as important contributor to efficient malaria transmission, this has never been formally tested.</p> Methods <p>In naturally infected gametocyte carriers from Burkina Faso, we assessed infectivity to mosquitoes by direct skin feeding and membrane feeding. We directly quantified male and female gametocytes and asexual parasites in finger-prick and venous blood samples, skin biopsy samples, and in of mosquitoes that fed on venous blood or directly on skin. Gametocytes were visualized in skin tissue with confocal microscopy.</p> Results <p>Although more mosquitoes became infected when feeding directly on skin then when feeding on venous blood (odds ratio, 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–3.33; P = .007), concentrations of gametocytes were not higher in the subdermal skin vasculature than in other blood compartments; only sparse gametocytes were observed in skin tissue.</p> Discussion <p>Our data strongly suggest that there is no significant skin sequestration of P. falciparum gametocytes. Gametocyte densities in peripheral blood are thus informative for predicting onward transmission potential to mosquitoes and can be used to target and monitor malaria elimination initiatives.</p> <p></p>
Data from: Competing for blood: the ecology of parasite resource competition in human malaria-helminth co-infections
Ecological theory suggests that co-infecting parasite species can interact within hosts directly, via host immunity and/or via resource competition. In mice, competition for red blood cells (RBCs) between malaria and bloodsucking helminths can regulate malaria population dynamics, but the importance of RBC competition in human hosts was unknown. We analyzed infection density (i.e. the concentration of parasites in infected hosts), from a 2-year deworming study of over 4,000 human subjects. After accounting for resource-use differences among parasites, we find evidence of resource competition, priority effects, and a competitive hierarchy within co-infected individuals. For example, reducing competition via deworming increased Plasmodium vivax densities 2.8-fold, and this effect is limited to bloodsucking hookworms. Our ecological, resource-based perspective sheds new light into decades of conflicting outcomes of malaria-helminth co-infection studies with significant health and transmission consequences. Beyond blood, investigating within-human resource competition may bring new insights for improving human health.
Data from: Habitat fragmentation, not habitat loss, drives the prevalence of blood parasites in a Caribbean passerine
Habitat destruction due to human land-use activities is well recognized as a central threat to biodiversity. However, there is still debate about the relative influence of its two components, habitat loss and habitat fragmentation, mostly because few studies have been able to disentangle their respective effects. We studied mechanisms by which habitat destruction might influence the prevalence of vector-transmitted haemosporidian blood parasites of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus the Lesser Antillean Bullfinch, Loxigilla noctis, on the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique . Starting from a large set of environmental descriptors (including metrics reflecting habitat loss, habitat fragmentation and landscape heterogeneity; as well as other variables not linked to habitat destruction, such as climatic conditions), we used PLS regression analyses to determine which variables were driving parasite prevalence on the islands. Our results showed that variables related to forest destruction were much more influential than other factors for all parasites analyzed on both islands. Remarkably, the effects documented were almost exclusively due to forest fragmentation, as opposed to habitat loss. This positive effect of forest fragmentation on blood parasite prevalence is proposed to happen through its effects on insect vectors and/or host biology. Increased understanding of the role of habitat fragmentation as a driver of parasitic diseases can help anticipate future effects and limit the risk of emergence and proliferation of wildlife pathogenic outbreaks and zoonosis through informed landscape planning.
Data from: The relationship between blood parasites and ornamentation depends on the level of analysis in the common yellowthroat
The Hamilton–Zuk hypothesis predicts that ornament expression is a signal of the ability of individuals to resist parasite infection. Thus, across a population (i.e. between-individuals) more ornamented individuals should have lower levels of parasitism. Numerous studies have tested this prediction and the results are mixed. One reason for these conflicting results may be that many studies have examined this relationship at the between-individual level, which may be affected by confounding factors such as selective mortality. Using within-subject centering we examined the relationship between male ornamentation and avian blood parasites at both the between- and within-individual levels. These relationships focus on differences in genetically-based resistance to parasites and the trade-off in resource allocation between parasite resistance and ornament expression within an individual, respectively. We studied male common yellowthroats Geothlypis trichas, which have two plumage ornaments, a yellow, carotenoid-based bib (throat and chest) and a black, melanin-based facial mask. Surprisingly, within-individuals, an increase in parasitism between years was associated with an increase in mask size and, potentially, greater concentration of carotenoids in the yellow feathers. This suggests that males may be able to tolerate an increase in parasitism and still increase ornament expression. In contrast, ornamentation was not related to parasitism at the between-individual level. Thus, our study revealed relationships between ornaments and parasitism at the within-individual level that were not present at the between-individual level. Our results highlight the importance of examining both within- and between-individual relationships as correlations between variables, such as ornaments and parasites, may depend on the level of analysis (i.e. within- or between-individuals).
Figure 1 in Blood parasites in sympatric lizards: what is their impact on hosts' immune system?
Figure 1. Circulating blood cells in P. vaucheri and S. perspicillata lizards: A) uninfected mature erythrocyte (oneheaded arrow) and immature erythrocyte (double-headed arrow); B) and C) haemogregarine parasites infecting erythrocytes; D) heterophil cell (double-headed arrow) and two thrombocytes (one-headed arrows); E) an eosinophil (one-headed arrow) and a lymphocyte (double-headed arrow); F) one azurophil; G) one monocyte and H) one basophil. Scale black bar = 10 µm.
Figure 3 in Blood parasites in sympatric lizards: what is their impact on hosts' immune system?
Figure 3. Boxplot of the variation in swelling response to PHA (%) among infected individuals by species, localities and sexes. The black line inside the box represents the mean swelling, box represent 50% of the central values, and the extremes represent the minimum and maximum values (excluding outliers).
Figure 2 in Blood parasites in sympatric lizards: what is their impact on hosts' immune system?
Figure 2. Estimate of phylogenetic relationships based on a Bayesian analysis of 18S rDNA sequences of haemogregarines. Statistical support is reported for relevant nodes: above, Bayesian Posterior Probabilities> 90; below, bootstrap values for ML> 70; + indicates support of 100%. Clades presented with triangles were collapsed in height by 75%. The sequences from this study are indicated in bold with sample codes given inside parenthesis.
Data from: Blood transcriptomes reveal novel parasitic zoonoses circulating in Madagascar's lemurs
Zoonotic diseases are a looming threat to global populations, and nearly 75% of emerging infectious diseases can spread among wildlife, domestic animals and humans. A 'One World, One Health' perspective offers us an ideal framework for understanding and potentially mitigating the spread of zoonoses, and the island of Madagascar serves as a natural laboratory for conducting these studies. Rapid habitat degradation and climate change on the island are contributing to more frequent contact among humans, livestock and wildlife, increasing the potential for pathogen spillover events. Given Madagascar's long geographical isolation, coupled with recent and repeated introduction of agricultural and invasive species, it is likely that a number of circulating pathogens remain uncharacterized in lemur populations. Thus, it is imperative that new approaches be implemented for de novo pathogen discovery. To this end, we used non-targeted deep sequencing of blood transcriptomes from two species of critically endangered wild lemurs (Indri indri and Propithecus diadema) to characterize blood-borne pathogens. Our results show several undescribed vector-borne parasites circulating within lemurs, some of which may cause disease in wildlife, livestock and humans. We anticipate that advanced methods for de novo identification of unknown pathogens will have broad utility for characterizing other complex disease transmission systems.
Bird plumage brightness scores and blood parasite prevalence values of Central European passerine species
<p>Dataset with bird plumage brightness scores and blood parasite prevalence values for 113 Central European passerine host species. One file contains the data table. One file contains a table with descriptions of the columns in the data table.</p> <p>Note: These data were reconstructed from files used in Read & Harvey 1989 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/339618a0">https://doi.org/10.1038/339618a0</a>) with column headings inferred with the help of Read 1991 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086/285225">https://doi.org/10.1086/285225</a>).</p>
A Study to Assess Safety, Immunogenicity and Parasite Growth Inhibition of an Asexual Blood Stage Vaccine for P. Falciparum Malaria
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00984763. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Metatranscriptomics yields new genomic resources and sensitive detection of infections for diverse blood parasites
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Data from: Evolutionary lability of host associations promotes phylogenetic overdispersion of co-infecting blood parasites
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.