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Figs 8a–g. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a, b in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank

Figs 8a–g. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a, b – right and left side view of the same specimen; c – left side view of a specimen with many small macronuclear nodules; d – anterior dorsal view of the proter from a late divider, showing the isostichad dorsal brush; e–g – anterior right (e) and left (f, g) side views of the specimens shown in Figs (a–c). Arrowheads (f, g) mark nematodesma bundles forming the oral basket. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, F – oral bulge fibres, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)

Figs 5a–k. Protospathidium lepidosomatum after protargol impregnation. a, b in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank

Figs 5a–k. Protospathidium lepidosomatum after protargol impregnation. a, b – ventral and dorsal view, showing the nuclear apparatus and the heterostichad dorsal brush with end of row 1 marked by an arrowhead; c, d – right and left side view of anterior body region, showing the disconnected oral kinetofragments; e – rarely, the oral bulge extrusomes impregnate; f – arrowheads indicate nematodesma bundles originating from the oral kinetofragments; g–i – variability of macronucleus; j – a specimen with a large food vacuole containing a Vorticella; k – an inflated specimen with some food vacuoles up to 10 µm across. BU – oral bulge, B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EP – excretory pore, FV – food vacuoles, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronucleus, OF – oral kinetofragments. Scale bars: 10 µm (e, f), 20 µm (c, d, j, k), and 30 µm (a, b, g–i).

Figs 4a–o in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank

Figs 4a–o. Protospathidium lepidosomatum from life (a–f, i–k), after protargol impregnation (g, h, l–o), and in the SEM (i). a – left side view of a representative specimen, length 70 µm; b – mature extrusome, 2.5 µm; c – frontal view of oral bulge; d – slightly schematized dorsal brush; e, f – surface view and optical section of cortex; g, h – ciliary pattern of ventral and dorsal side and nuclear apparatus of holotype specimen, length 75 µm; i, k – details and overview of resting cyst in optical section. Note the nipple-shaped lepidosomes; j – body outline; l, m – maximum size variability; n, o – right and left side view, showing the ciliary pattern. BU – oral bulge, B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EL – external layer, EP – excretory pores, G – cortical granules, IL – internal layer, L – lipid droplets, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei, N – nematodesma bundle, OF – oral kinetofragments. Scale bars: 2.5 µm (i), 10 µm (k, n, o), 30 µm (a, l, m), and 40 µm (g, h).

Figs 3a–k. Arcuospathidium bromelicola after protargol impregnation. a, b in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank

Figs 3a–k. Arcuospathidium bromelicola after protargol impregnation. a, b – left and right side view of a representative specimen; c, d – ventral and dorsal view of anterior body region, showing the cuneate, slightly curved circumoral kinety and the dorsal brush; e – left side view, showing the heterostichad dorsal brush with end of row 3 marked by an arrowhead; f – a horseshoe-shaped macronucleus accompanied by an ellipsoidal micronucleus with a minute, hemispherical cap; g–i – specimens with distinctly curved oral bulge, respectively, circumoral kinety; j – post-conjugant with two macronuclear nodules; k – a trophont with two large food vacuoles which contain ciliates and dislocate the macronucleus. BU – oral bulge, B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), CK – circumoral kinety, E – extrusomes, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus. Scale bars: 10 µm (e, f), 15 µm (c, d, g, h), 30 µm (k), and 40 µm (a, b, i, j).

Figs 12a–f. Spathidium bromeliophilum, dividers after protargol impregnation. a–c in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank

Figs 12a–f. Spathidium bromeliophilum, dividers after protargol impregnation. a–c – overview and details of an early divider. Note body indentation (asterisks), basal bodies production in the division zone of all kineties (arrowhead), and beginning fusion of macronuclear nodules (arrow in c); d–f – a middle divider, showing an inflated fission area (small arrowheads), the developing dorsal brush (1–3), the oral kinetofragments (large arrowheads), and the macronuclear strand that developed by fusion of the macronuclear nodules. B(1–3) – dorsal brush rows, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)

Figs 11a–j in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank

Figs 11a–j. Spathidium bromeliophilum, body and nuclear changes in dividers (a–g) and post-dividers (h–j) after protargol impregnation; drawn to scale. For the ciliary pattern, see Figs 10a–e, 12a–f, 15a–d. a – a morphostatic specimen with many macronuclear nodules scattered throughout the cytoplasm; b – early divider with most macronuclear nodules fused; c, d – middle dividers in which the macronuclear nodules fused to an irregular mass. Note micronuclear division and the slightly inflated fission area; e, f – middle-late and late stage, showing elongation of body and macronucleus, and division furrow. The opisthe is considerably narrower than the proter (f), a rare feature (Table 5); g – very late divider, showing proter and opisthe about to separate while the macronucleus has already divided; h–j – post-dividers develop a three-dimensional macronuclear reticulum (h, i) that breaks into many nodules during the maturation of the cell (j, a). BU – oral bulge, CV – contractile vacuole, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bar: 40 μm.

Figs 2a–m. Arcuospathidium bromelicola from life. a, b in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank

Figs 2a–m. Arcuospathidium bromelicola from life. a, b – left side and ventral view, showing body outline of a specimen with strongly convex oral bulge (arrowheads); c – oral bulge extrusomes (some marked by arrowheads) are rod shaped and about 4 × 0.3 µm in size; d – a pillar of a squashed cyst; e – bright field micrograph of a resting cyst in optical section, showing the thin external layer (arrow) and thick internal layer (opposed arrowheads); f–h – optical section of cyst pillars, showing the variability of the distal end; i, j – optical section and surface view, showing the narrowly spaced pillars; k – arrowheads mark overturned pillars in a squashed cyst; l, m – optical sections, showing the cysts filled with lipid droplets and surrounded by a narrow slime layer. CV – contractile vacuole, L – lipid droplets, MA – macronucleus, SL – slime layer. Scale bars: 2.5 µm (f–h), 10 µm (c), 15 µm (e, i, j, l, m), and 40 µm (a, b).

Figs 21a–c in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank

Figs 21a–c. Spathidium wolfi, dorsal views of anterior body region after protargol impregnation, showing the isostichad dorsal brush (c, arrows) and the excretory pores (arrowheads) of the anterior contractile vacuole. B(1–3) – dorsal brush rows, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, MA – macronucleus. Scale bars: 20 µm.

Figs 22a–k. Spathidium wolfi after protargol impregnation. a – a in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank

Figs 22a–k. Spathidium wolfi after protargol impregnation. a – a slender specimen; b – overview of a specimen inflated by the preparation; c, d – overviews showing the moniliform macronucleus; e–g – ventral views, showing the obovate (or broadly cuneate) circumoral kinety; h – ventrolateral view, showing kineties and cortical granules; i–k – anterior body portion at three focal planes. (i) Right side surface view, showing fibres in oral bulge and somatic cortex (arrowheads). (j) When focused slightly deeper, the nematodesmata become visible. (k) When focused to the left side, the dorsal brush and the Spathidium ciliary pattern become recognizable. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, E – extrusomes, EP – excretory pores, F – fibres, G – cortical granules, K – kineties, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei, N – nematodesmata. Scale bars: 10 µm (e–k) and 50 µm (a–d).

Figs 1a–n in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank

Figs 1a–n. Arcuospathidium bromelicola from life (a–d, j–l) and after protargol impregnation (e–i, m, n). a – left side view of a representative specimen, length 85 µm; b – surface view, showing the minute (≤ 1 µm) cortical granules arranged in oblique rows; c – the oral bulge is distinctly curved in 70% of specimens; d – frontal view of a straight oral bulge studded with extrusomes; e, f – ciliary pattern of left and right side and macronucleus of holotype specimen, length 85 µm; note the Arcuospathidium ciliary pattern on the left side (e), i.e., the ciliary rows do not curve ventrally anteriorly; g–i – shape variability of oral bulge, respectively, circumoral kinety; j – mature extrusomes are rodshaped and about 4 µm long; k, l – overview and detail of resting cyst in optical section. Note the conspicuous, pillar-shaped lepidosomes most frayed anteriorly; m, n – length comparison of trophont and theront. BU – oral bulge, B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EL – external layer, EP – excretory pore, FV – food vacuoles, G – cortical granulation, IL – internal layer, L – lipid droplet, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronucleus, SL – slime layer, T – anterior tail of dorsal brush rows. Scale bars: 2.5 µm (l), 15 µm (h, k), 20 µm (g, i), and 40 µm (a, e, f, m, n).

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2018View details →

Dataset for 'Different in the dark: The effect of habitat characteristics on community composition and beta diversity in bromeliad microfauna'

<p>The file contains counting data for bromeliad-inhabiting microfauna (including, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, ciliates, amoeba and rotifers) from samples taken on Ilha do Cardoso, Brazil.</p> <p>Also included are additional Information on abiotic and biotic factors measured (e.g. pH, dissolved oxygen concentration etc.).</p>

Fig. 5. A in Ciliate Community Structure in Vegetation in Eastern Mexico Bromeliads of Different Types of

Fig. 5. A. Trait loadings of retained components in the PCA axes 1 and 2, (B) for each sampling carried out in the seven localities, and (C) for vegetation type and ciliate species richness according to the principal components of model A, of an ordination based on species richness, two continuous and two categorical functional traits of 24 ciliate species at Eastern Veracruz, Mexico. Model C shows prediction ellipses at 95% confidence interval to delimitate the vegetation types. Numbers in B refer to the localities. SDTF = Semideciduous tropical forest, C = Coffee plantation, MCF = Montane cloud forest, PF = Pinus forest.

Fig. 3 in Ciliate Community Structure in Vegetation in Eastern Mexico Bromeliads of Different Types of

Fig. 3. Dendogram of the Jaccard's similarities among localities based on the unweighted pair-group method analysis (UPGMA). For the name of the localities see table 1.

Fig. 2 in Ciliate Community Structure in Vegetation in Eastern Mexico Bromeliads of Different Types of

Fig. 2. Average of water temperature of the samples in relation to the localities were samples were collected. Bars indicate standard deviation.

Fig. 1. A in Ciliate Community Structure in Vegetation in Eastern Mexico Bromeliads of Different Types of

Fig. 1. A. Location of the seven localities of the study. B. Schematic representation of the vegetation from the mountain region to the seashore in east Veracruz, Mexico. L = locality, 1 = La Joya, Acajete; 2 = Santuario de Bosque de Niebla, Xalapa; 3 = Coffee plantation La Onza, Coatepec; 4 = Coffee plantation Arcos Vegas y Rincón de Yeguas, Tuzamapan; 5 = Tlacuitlapa, Jalcomulco; 6 = Unidad de Manejo Ambiental Nace El Río, Descabezadero, Actopan; 7 = Centro de Investigaciones Costeras La Mancha (CICOLMA), Actopan.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

FIGURE 1 in Frog assemblage associated with bromeliads in a sandy coastal plain in the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 1: Location of Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha (black dot) in the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil (A) and sampled sites: rocky outcrop (B), open shrub vegetation (C), both in the mainland, and open herbaceous vegetation in coastal island (D). States are Bahia (BA), Espírito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ).

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2019View details →

Fig. 1. Vriesea incurvata plantlets after 180 in In vitro propagation of Vriesea incurvata: conservation of a bromeliad endemic to the Atlantic Forest

Fig. 1. Vriesea incurvata plantlets after 180 days in MS medium with different macronutrient combinations (25N and 25M) and sucrose concentrations (10, 30 and 60 g L-1). 25M - 25% of the original concentrations of the macronutrients; 25N - 25% of the original concentrations of the nitrogenous salts. Scale bars = 1 cm.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2016View details →

Fig. 4. Survival curves with 95 in Effect of temperature on growth, reproductive activity, and survival of the invasive bromeliad-eating weevil Metamasius callizona (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Fig. 4. Survival curves with 95% confidence intervals for Metamasius callizona adults at 3 temperatures. Numbers of individuals at time zero were: 16 °C, n = 54; 25 °C, n = 47; and 35 °C, n = 74.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2016View details →

Fig. 2 in Effect of temperature on growth, reproductive activity, and survival of the invasive bromeliad-eating weevil Metamasius callizona (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Fig. 2. Development rate of Metamasius callizona from A) egg collection to pupation and from B) pupation to adult emergence at 4 temperatures in the weevil's operational range.