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308 results for “bromeliad”
Bromeliad chemistry at different elevations in the LEF
Mean concentrations of various nutrients in dried bromeliad leaf and in the coarse, medium and fine portions of debris retained by the bromeliad rosette. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Bromeliad plant collection details/data from different elevations in the LEF
Collection details of bromeliads collected for invertebrate community and diversity analysis from 4 localities in the LEF. Dates, location, plant size, amounts, pH and temp. of contained water, and weights of debris retained by the bromeliads. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Bromeliad invertebrate counts at different elevations in the LEF
Identification and number of invertebrates recovered from each bromeliad sampled. Collection details of bromeliads collected for invertebrate community and diversity analysis from 3 localities in the Luquillo Experimental Forest. Dates, elevations and forest types, plant size, amounts, pH and temp. of contained water, weights of debris retained by the bromeliads, and counts of organisms, identified to species or morphospecies, collected from each plant. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Bromeliad invertebrates at different elevations in Dominica
Collection details of bromeliads collected for invertebrate community and diversity analysis from 3 localities in Dominica. Dates, location, plant size, amounts, pH and temp. of contained water, weights of debris retained by the bromeliads, and counts of organisms, identified to species or morphospecies, collected from each plant. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Trophic metacommunities in bromeliad-dwelling insects
<p>This data was collected by D. S. Srivastava and members of her research lab (including B. Gilbert, K. Kirby, J. Ngai, J. Petermann, B. Starzomski) at Estación Biológica Pitilla, in the Área de Conservación Guanacaste in north-western Costa Rica in 1997, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2010. Over these five years, we collected a total of 85 bromeliads between late September and early December. Specifically, this data relates to the abundance of the mosquitoes in the genus Wyeomyia and Culex, and their predator Mecistogaster modesta.</p> <p>Water depths were measured to the nearest mm in three marked leaves of 30 bromeliads, every two days for one year (8 October 2012 to 9 October 2013). The maximum volume of each bromeliad was measured at the inception of the survey. We assumed that mosquito larvae encountered in our invertebrate survey could be affected by water depths only from the period 15 September to 22 December, that is, at most three weeks before and after our survey (as a mosquito encountered at the beginning of the invertebrate survey may be already a late instar, and at the end of our invertebrate survey may be just an early instar). We trimmed our year of water level data to this 15 September-22 December period, and calculated the proportion of days each of the 30 bromeliads had standing water (defined as >5mm moisture, as the basal debris retains some moisture in the absence of standing water).</p>
Fig. 5 in Camerobiid mites (Acariformes: Raphignathina: Camerobiidae) inhabiting epiphytic bromeliads and soil litter of tropical dry forest with analysis of setal homology in the genus Neophyllobius
Fig. 5. Neophyllobius tepoztlanensis sp. nov., ♀, holotype. A. Palp. B. Subcapitulum. C. Dorsal idiosoma. D. Ventral idiosoma. E. Trochanter–tibia of leg I. F. Tarsus I.
Fig. 4 in Camerobiid mites (Acariformes: Raphignathina: Camerobiidae) inhabiting epiphytic bromeliads and soil litter of tropical dry forest with analysis of setal homology in the genus Neophyllobius
Fig. 4. Schematic tarsal setations of Neophyllobius cibyci sp. nov. A–D. ♀, holotype. A. Tarsus I. B. Tarsus II. C. Tarsus III. D. Tarsus IV. E–H. ♁, paratype (CNAC009238). E. Tarsus I. F. Tarsus II. G. Tarsus III. H. Tarsus IV. I–L. Protonymph, paratype (CNAC009241). I. Tarsus I. J. Tarsus II. K. Tarsus III. L. Tarsus IV. M–O. Larva, paratype (CNAC009242). M. Tarsus I. N. Tarsus II. O. Tarsus III.
Fig. 1 in Camerobiid mites (Acariformes: Raphignathina: Camerobiidae) inhabiting epiphytic bromeliads and soil litter of tropical dry forest with analysis of setal homology in the genus Neophyllobius
Fig. 1. Neophyllobius cibyci sp. nov., ♀, holotype. A. Palp. B. Subcapitulum. C. Dorsal idiosoma. D. Ventral idiosoma. E. Trochanter–tibia of leg I. F. Tarsus I.
Fig. 2 in Camerobiid mites (Acariformes: Raphignathina: Camerobiidae) inhabiting epiphytic bromeliads and soil litter of tropical dry forest with analysis of setal homology in the genus Neophyllobius
Fig. 2. Neophyllobius cibyci sp. nov. A–B. ♁, paratype (CNAC009238). A. Dorsal idiosoma. B. Ventral idiosoma. C–D. Protonymph, paratype (CNAC009241). C. Dorsal idiosoma. D. Ventral idiosoma. E–F. Larva, paratype (CNAC009242). E. Dorsal idiosoma. F. Ventral idiosoma.
Figs 19a–l in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank
Figs 19a–l. Spathidium wolfi from life (a–h) and after protargol impregnation (i–l). a – right side view of a representative specimen, length 140 µm. The arrowhead marks the anterior contractile vacuole; b – frontal view of oral bulge; c – oral bulge extrusomes, length 10 µm; d – developing extrusomes in the cytoplasm; e – slender shape variant, showing the two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads); f – development of the "Ringgranula" (cp. Fig. 19a); g, h – surface view and optical section, showing the cortical granulation; i, j – ventral and dorsal view of anterior body region of a paratype specimen, showing the isostichad dorsal brush and the cuneate oral bulge; k, l – right and left side view of anterior body region of the holotype specimen (cp. Figs 20a, b). B(1–3) – dorsal brush rows, BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, E – extrusomes, F – oral bulge fibres, G – cortical granules, L – lipid droplet, MA – macronucleus, RG – "Ringgranula". Scale bars: 15 µm (i–l) and 50 µm (a).
Figs 18a–j in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank
Figs 18a–j. Spathidium bromelicola from life (b, c, i, j) and after protargol impregnation (a, d–h). a – left side overview; b, c – resting cysts with large lipid droplets (arrowheads) between internal and external wall; d, f – right side views of oral body portion; e – left side view of oral body portion, showing the Spathidium ciliary pattern and the enlarged area (asterisk) between last ventral and first left side ciliary row; g, h – frontal views of the narrow oral bulge and its acute ventral end (g, arrowhead); i, j – oral bulge extrusomes, length about 4 µm. B – dorsal brush, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 10 µm (g, h), 30 µm (d–f), 40 µm (b, c), and 50 µm (a).
Figs 16a–k in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank
Figs 16a–k. Spathidium bromelicola from life (a–f, j, k) and after protargol impregnation (g–i). a – left side view of a representative specimen, length 190 µm; b, c – shape variants; d, f – frontal view of oral bulge, showing the arrangement of the cortical granules and the extrusomes; e – oral bulge extrusomes, length 3.5–4.5 µm; g–i – left and right side view of holotype specimen, length 175 µm. The arrow marks the heteromorphic tail of brush row 3. The asterisk denotes the obtriangular space between the last ventral and the first left side ciliary row; j, k – surface view and optical section of cortex. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CP – cytopharyngeal entrance, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EP – excretory pores, G – cortical granules, L – lipid droplet, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 40 µm (h, i), 50 µm (g), and 70 µm (a).
Figs 14a–c. Spathidium bromeliophilum, late divider after protargol impregnation. a–c in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank
Figs 14a–c. Spathidium bromeliophilum, late divider after protargol impregnation. a–c – overview and details of the fission area, showing the ventral (b) and dorsal (c) side. Arrowheads (b) mark the growing nematodesma bundles (oral basket fibres) originating from the dikinetids of the circumoral kinety fragments. Arrow (c) denotes a bleb left of the circumoral kinety fragments of the opisthe. 1, 2, 3 – dorsal brush rows, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)
Figs 20a–f in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank
Figs 20a–f. Spathidium wolfi from life (c) and after protargol impregnation (a, b, d–f). a, b – ciliary pattern of right and left side and nuclear apparatus of holotype specimen; for oral details, see Figs 19k, l. The arrowhead marks the excretory pores of the anterior contractile vacuole, i.e., the main character of this species; c – supposed structure of dorsal brush row 3; d – ventral view of a paratype specimen with open circumoral kinety (arrow) and thus resembling Apertospathula; e – dorsolateral view of a paratype specimen, showing the ciliary pattern and the excretory pores of the anterior and posterior contractile vacuole; f – ventrolateral view of oral body region, showing the Spathidium ciliary pattern. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, EP – excretory pores, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 10 µm (d, f) and 50 µm (a, b, e).
Figs 10a–e in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank
Figs 10a–e. Spathidium bromeliophilum, ontogenesis of ciliary pattern after protargol impregnation. Corresponding body and nuclear changes are shown in Figs 11a–j. a – very early divider, showing basal body production in the prospective division zone. Asterisk denotes a slight indentation in fission area. Nuclear apparatus as shown in Figs 11a, b; b – early divider where the developing dorsal brush rows (1–3) and the circumoral kinety fragments (placed between arrowheads) of the opisthe are already recognizable. Note blebs in fission area left of the circumoral kinety fragments (arrowheads). Nuclear apparatus as shown in Fig. 11c; c – middle stage, showing blebs (arrowheads) in prospective fission area. Nuclear apparatus as shown in Figs 11d, e; d – late divider with a single macronuclear strand (Fig. 11f) and conspicuous division furrow (arrows); e – very late divider with proter and opisthe about to separate, length 170 μm (Fig. 11g). B(1–3) – dorsal brush rows, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 20 μm (a–d) and 30 μm (e).
Figs 13a–g. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a, b, e in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank
Figs 13a–g. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a, b, e – anterior body portion of three specimens, showing the oral bulge whose ventral third is curved laterally in 80% of the specimens (b) and straight in the rest (a, e). Note the oblique microtubule bundles originating from the dikinetids of the circumoral kinety (a) and forming the oral basket (e, arrowheads); c – view of the inflated fission area of a middle divider, showing micronuclear fission and the macronuclear strand that developed by fusion of the macronuclear nodules; d – post-conjugant, showing four macronuclear nodules and the slightly convex oral bulge whose dorsal end is higher than the ventral end; f, g – an early divider, showing a slight body indentation (asterisk) and basal body production in the prospective division zone of most kineties. B – dorsal brush, BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, E – extrusomes, F – oral bulge fibres (microtubule bundles), MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)
Figs 15a–f. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a–d in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank
Figs 15a–f. Spathidium bromeliophilum after protargol impregnation. a–d – overview and details of a very late divider, showing the elliptical oral field of the opisthe whose circumoral kinety fragments have not yet aligned ventrally; e, f – post-dividers, showing the threedimensional macronuclear reticulum (e) that breaks into many nodules (f). B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, F – oral bulge fibres, MA – macronucleus, MI – micronuclei. (Without scale bars because from ± squashed specimens.)
Figs 9a–h in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank
Figs 9a–h. Spathidium bromeliophilum in the SEM (a, b) and from life (c–h). a – a slender specimen; b – ventrolateral view, showing the cuneate oral bulge (arrowheads) and circumoral cilia (arrow); c, g – the extrusomes are about 5 μm long and are slightly asymmetrical (c); d–f – type III resting cysts, about 40 μm across. Mature cysts (e) show a thin (~ 1 μm) and smooth wall (opposed arrowheads), separated from the cytoplasm by a ~ 0.5 μm thick hyaline sheet (endocyst?) not recognizable in squashed cysts (f). When degenerated, the cytoplasm detaches from the wall (d); h – surface view showing the two-size types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 μm and 0.4 μm (arrows and arrowheads). BU – oral bulge. Scale bars: 40 μm (a), 25 μm (d, e), 10 μm (b) and 5 μm (f, g).
Figs 7a–r in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank
Figs 7a–r. Spathidium bromeliophilum from life (a–e, o–p) and after protargol impregnation (f–n, q, r). a – right side view of a representative specimen, length 135 μm. Arrowhead marks end of bristle tail of brush row 3; b, c – the ∞-shaped oral bulge, which is slightly dumbbell-shaped and/or cuneate, is studded with extrusomes. The oblique fibre bundles originate from the circumoral dikinetids; d – two views of the same extrusome, length 5 µm; e – surface view, showing the two size-types of cortical granules, diameter 0.2 µm and 0.4 µm; f–j – variability of shape of body and oral bulge whose ventral third is often curved laterally; k, l – a specimen engulfing a Colpoda (k) and another that has just engulfed a Vorticella; m, n – ciliary pattern of right and left side and nuclear apparatus of holotype specimen, length 138 μm; o, p – detail and overview of a resting cyst with inactive contractile vacuole, diameter 42 µm; q, r – ciliary pattern of anterior dorsal and ventral side, showing the isostichad dorsal brush and the wide spacing of the dikinetids in row 3. B(1–3) – dorsal brush (rows), BA – oral basket, BU – oral bulge, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, EP – excretory pores, FV – food vacuole, LD – lipid droplets, MA – macronuclear nodules, MI – micronuclei. Scale bars: 40 μm (a, f–n), 20 μm (q–r) and 2 μm (o).
Figs 6a–g in Five New Spathidiids (Ciliophora: Bromeliads Haptoria) from Caribbean Tank
Figs 6a–g. Protospathidium lepidosomatum from life (a–c), after protargol impregnation (d), and in the scanning electron microscope (e–g). a – optical section showing the external and internal cyst wall (opposed arrowheads); b, f – surface views showing the nipple-shaped lepidosomes (arrowheads); c – a squashed cyst, showing the thick wall (opposed arrowheads) and lepidosomes with a less refractive centre (arrows); d – the lepidosomes impregnate with the protargol method used; e, g – high magnification of the nipple-shaped lepidosomes (arrowheads). When detached, minute convexities become recognisable (arrows). L – lipid droplet. Scale bars: 2.5 µm (e, g) and 10 µm (a–d, f).
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