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801 results for “bud”
Fraxinus quadrangulata (Oleaceae) - twig - close-up winter terminal bud
Image of Fraxinus quadrangulata (Oleaceae) - twig - close-up winter terminal bud
Asimina triloba (Annonaceae) - twig - close-up winter terminal bud
Image of Asimina triloba (Annonaceae) - twig - close-up winter terminal bud
Carya cordiformis (Juglandaceae) - twig - close-up winter terminal bud
Image of Carya cordiformis (Juglandaceae) - twig - close-up winter terminal bud
Aesculus flava (Hippocastanaceae) - twig - close-up winter terminal bud
Image of Aesculus flava (Hippocastanaceae) - twig - close-up winter terminal bud
Cornus florida (Cornaceae) - twig - close-up winter terminal bud
Image of Cornus florida (Cornaceae) - twig - close-up winter terminal bud
Fagus grandifolia (Fagaceae) - twig - close-up winter terminal bud
Image of Fagus grandifolia (Fagaceae) - twig - close-up winter terminal bud
Histometrical data of Eucecidoses minutanus (Cecidosidae) bud galls induced on Schinus engleri (Anacardiaceae)
<p>This sheet contains histometrical data obtained from transverse-sectioned galls induced by<em> Eucecidoses minutanus </em>(Cecidosidae) on <em>Schinus polygamus</em> (Anacardiaceae). Data were obtained from galls with distinct insect instars and then they were indexed according the instar occupying the gall. The measurements (thickness, cell area) were obtained from photomicrographs in the software AxioVision Rel 4.8 (Carl Zeiss Micro Imaging, Jena, Germany). The average thickness of the gall wall and each tissue measured was obtained from 5 distinct transverse sections per sample. The average cell area of epidermis, outer gall parenchyma, and nutritive tissue were obtained from 5 measured cells per tissue per section, considering that 5 sections were obtained from each sample. Therefore, 25 cells were measured to obtain the average cell area per tissue per sample. These data were analyzed and included in an manuscript submitted for publication in American Journal of Botany, DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1798, entitled "Complex meristematic activity induced by <em>Eucecidoses minutanus</em> on <em>Schinus engleri</em> turns shoots into galls".</p> <p>Observations in this sheet: * Average values obtained from 5 distinct sections per sample (refers to gall wall thickness and tissue thickness in µm). ** Average values obtained from 25 distinct cells per sample in each tissue (5 cells per section x 5 sections per sample) (refers to cell area in µm²); *** Thickness of the transverse-sectioned vascular bundles (refers to vascular bundle thickness).</p>
Calibrating phylogenies assuming bifurcation or budding alters inferred macroevolutionary dynamics in a densely sampled phylogeny of bivalve families
<p>Analyses of evolutionary dynamics can be profoundly affected by age calibrations of phylogenetic nodes under different models of lineage branching. Most time-calibrated molecular phylogenies of extant taxa assume a purely bifurcating model, where nodes are calibrated using the daughter lineage with the older first occurrence in the fossil record. Lineages can also split via budding, in which a parent lineage persists following the origin of a daughter lineage, and nodes are calibrated using the age of the lineage with the younger first occurrence. Here, we use the extensive fossil record of bivalve molluscs for a large-scale empirical test of how the choice of branching model affects macroevolutionary analyses. We time-calibrated 91% of nodes in a phylogeny of 97 extant bivalve families using 86 calibration points ranging in age from 2.59 to 485 Ma. Allowing budding-based calibrations minimizes conflict between the tree topology and timing of evolutionary events in the fossil record, reducing the summed duration of inferred "ghost lineages," from 6.76 billion yrs (Gyr; bifurcating model) to 1.00 Gyr (budding model). Adding 31 extinct paraphyletic families – many major groups contain such extinct taxa – shifts deep splits further back in time and raises ghost-lineage totals to 7.86 Gyr (bifurcating) and 1.92 Gyr (budding), but more accurately reflects the time since separation of lineages. Lineage-through-time plots from phylogenetic data scaled under a bifurcating model of evolution push more inferred bivalve diversification into the Paleozoic, conflicting with other palaeontological evidence on the magnitude of the end-Paleozoic extinction and subsequent recovery, and strongly reduce the magnitude of the Cenozoic diversification of the group. Consideration of the hypothesized branching model within a given clade is essential when node-calibrating phylogenies, and for a major clade with a robust fossil record, an evolutionary model that allows budding and does not force bifurcations is the most appropriate one, and likely common for many other clades as well.</p>
Fig. 5 in A Jurassic flower bud from China
Fig. 5. Details of Florigerminis jurassica gen. et sp. nov. (a) Sketch showing the arrangement of patches of overlapping tepals. There are at least four layers of tepals (1–4), one over the other. The scale bar is 1 mm. (b) Sketch showing the organization of the fruit, showing the endocarp (black) inside the mesocarp (yellow) supported by a carpopodium (grey) subtended by foliar parts (blue). Refer to Figure 2c, g and h. The scale bar is 2 mm.
Fig. 2 in A Jurassic flower bud from China
Fig. 2. Florigerminis jurassica gen. et sp. nov and its details. Stereomicroscopy. (a) Holotype of Florigerminis jurassica, showing the physically connected parts. Two (one missing to the left) fruits and a flower bud are on the branch terminal. Arrows point to the nodes on the branch. PB21737. The scale bar is 10 mm. (b) Close-up of the branch terminal showing a physical connection between two fruit pedicels (1 and 2) and a pedicel of flower bud (3). The scale bar is 2 mm. (c) Close-up of the fruit in (a). Note the mesocarp (m), endocarp (e), three persistent foliar parts visible (arrows) and connected pedicel (lower right). The scale bar is 2 mm. (d) Longitudinal fine striations on the branch surface. The scale bar is 0.25 mm. (e) The flower bud in (b). Note a foliar part at the bottom (arrow). The scale bar is 1 mm. (f) Close-up of (e) showing overlapping distinct tepals (1–4). The scale bar is 0.2 mm. (g) Close-up of (e) showing distinct overlapping tepals in the top portion of the flower bud. The scale bar is 0.5 mm. (h) Nodes (black arrows) with transversal wrinkles and helically arranged decurrent leaf scars (white arrows) on the branch. The scale bar is 1 mm. (i) Pedicels of the fruits (1 and 2) and flower bud (3). The scale bar is 1 mm. (j) Close-up of the rectangular area in (i), showing a pedicel (arrow) embedded in the sediments. The scale bar is 0.5 mm. (k) Tip of the fruit in (c), showing apical invagination (black line), mesocarp (m) and endocarp (e). The scale bar is 1 mm. (l) Three persistent foliar parts (black line) at the fruit bottom in (c). The scale bar is 1 mm.
Fig. 3 in A Jurassic flower bud from China
Fig. 3. SEM and micro-CT details of Florigerminis jurassica gen. et sp. nov. (a) Detailed view of the fruit/flower pedicels and leaf scar near the branch apex. Note the fruit pedicels (1 and 2), flower bud pedicel (3), two additional fruit pedicel scars (black arrows) and a leaf scar (white arrow). Labelled as in Figure 2b. The scale bar is 1 mm. (b) Details near a node, showing a leaf scar (white arrow), transversal wrinkles (black arrow) at the node and two possible fruit pedicel scars (outlined) subtended by scales. The scale bar is 0.2 mm. (c) Elliptical fruit pedicel scar enlarged from (a), subtended by a scale (arrows). The scale bar is 0.1 mm. (d) Branch with helically arranged decurrent leaf scars (arrows). The scale bar is 1 mm. (e) Decurrent leaf base (arrow) with abscission zone at the tip. The scale bar is 0.1 mm. (f) Subtending scale (below the line) and an axillary primordium (arrow), enlarged from the rectangle in (a). The scale bar is 0.1 mm. (g) Fragments of three overlapping tepals (1–3) with differently orientated surface textures. The scale bar is 0.1 mm. (h) Longitudinal micro-CT view of the flower bud with tepals (white arrow) surrounding gynoecium (?) (right arrow) in the centre. The fruit pedicel has obvious longitudinal fine striations (lower arrow). The scale bar is 1 mm. (i) Longitudinal micro-CT view of the flower bud with gynoecium (?) (arrow) in the centre and tips of the tepals at the top. The scale bar is 1 mm. (j) Longitudinal micro-CT view of the fruit with an apical invagination (arrow). The scale bar is 2 mm.
Fig. 1 in A Jurassic flower bud from China
Fig. 1. The fossil locality of Florigerminis jurassica gen. et sp. nov. (a) Map of NE China. The arrow points to the junction region between Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and Hebei, which is enlarged in (b). (b) Detailed map showing Daohugou Village, Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, China (41° 18′ 39.60″ N, 119° 13′ 29.14″ E) (arrow) very close to the junction of Inner Mongolia, Hebei and Liaoning.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bud-Annotation pipeline: Napari Example Data
<p>Example dataset for bud-annotation plugin Napari.</p> <p>Here we provide two sets of 3 images of single molecule mRNA FISH on Saccheromyces cerevisiae (BY4741) strains containing an mRNA bud localization reporter at the DOA1 locus. <br> The image set labeled EXPERIMENT contains images of the strain in which a localization element was present in the reporter mRNA. The reporter can be seen to localize to the bud. <br> The image set labeled CONTROL contains images of the control strain without localization element present in the reporter mRNA. The reporter can be seen to be randomly distributed throughout the cell. </p> <p>Images were acquired as 41 z-stacks per fluorescence channel CY5, CY3.5, CY3 and DAPI. For each fluorescence image a corresponding DIC image was acquired as well. </p> <p>The following smFISH probes were used: <br> - CY5: probes targeting the endogenous ASH1 and CLB2 mRNA to be used as bud marker (Quasar 670)<br> - CY3.5: probes targeting the DOA1 mRNA reporter (CAL Fluor Red 610)<br> - CY3: probes targeting the MS2v6 sequence inserted at the 3' end of the DOA1 mRNA reporter (Quasar 570) </p> <p>FISH-QUANT spot analysis results for the CY3.5 channel from these images are included. This data can be used to extract the spot information and assign spots to either mother cell or bud. Examples of nuclear, bud and cell masks for all images are provided as well.</p>
Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron micrographs (a–f, h) and X-ray microtomographic orthoslices (g) of flowers from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a: Taxon 27, epigynous flower, no. NM-F 4504; b: Taxon 30, epigynous flower, remains of two thick sepals, a massive nectary disk (arrowhead) and two styles, no. NM-F 3199; c: Taxon 29, flower with stamens have long filament, calyx (ca) and corolla (co), no. NM-F 3198; d: Taxon 32, flower, no. NM-F 4503; e–h: Taxon 14, e – hypogenous flower, no. NM-F 3196, f – floral bud with a thick pedicel, no. NM-F 3196, g – flower with gynoecium showing central placentation and several seeds, no. NMF 3196, h – flower with gynoecium showing several seeds, no. NM-F 4505. in Plant Mesofossils From The Late Cretaceous Klikov Formation, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron micrographs (a–f, h) and X-ray microtomographic orthoslices (g) of flowers from Zliv-Řídká Blana locality. a: Taxon 27, epigynous flower, no. NM-F 4504; b: Taxon 30, epigynous flower, remains of two thick sepals, a massive nectary disk (arrowhead) and two styles, no. NM-F 3199; c: Taxon 29, flower with stamens have long filament, calyx (ca) and corolla (co), no. NM-F 3198; d: Taxon 32, flower, no. NM-F 4503; e–h: Taxon 14, e – hypogenous flower, no. NM-F 3196, f – floral bud with a thick pedicel, no. NM-F 3196, g – flower with gynoecium showing central placentation and several seeds, no. NMF 3196, h – flower with gynoecium showing several seeds, no. NM-F 4505.
Text-fig. 3. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Volume renderings of flower bud in two different lateral views showing long pedicel, distinct calyx (ca) with almost equiaxial epidermal cells and corolla (co) with nearly smooth surface. c–e: Transverse sections (c, orthoslice xy1500; d, orthoslice xy1760; e, orthoslice xy1850) through flower bud at levels below the anthers showing stamen filaments (yellow) opposite the corolla lobes (co) and smaller staminodes (orange) in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 3. SRXTM images of Miranthus elegans gen. et sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a, b: Volume renderings of flower bud in two different lateral views showing long pedicel, distinct calyx (ca) with almost equiaxial epidermal cells and corolla (co) with nearly smooth surface. c–e: Transverse sections (c, orthoslice xy1500; d, orthoslice xy1760; e, orthoslice xy1850) through flower bud at levels below the anthers showing stamen filaments (yellow) opposite the corolla lobes (co) and smaller staminodes (orange)
Text-fig. 7. SEM (a) and SRXTM (b–e) images of Miranthus kvacekii sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a: Lateral view of flower bud showing corolla lobes extending beyond calyx; note surface of pedicel, calyx and corolla with small equiaxial epidermal cells and indumentum of densely spaced, short stiff trichomes. b, c: Longitudinal sections through floral bud in two directions perpendicular to each other (a, orthoslice yz1024; b, orthoslice xz0950) showing corolla (co), calyx (ca), stamens (st) and semi-inferior ovary with thin ovary wall (ow) and central mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) bearing numerous ovules (ov). d, e: Transverse sections through floral bud above placenta (d, orthoslice xy0915; e, orthoslice xy1095) showing calyx (ca), corolla (co), ovary wall (ow) and ovules (ov); yellow outlines indicate the positions of anthers (d) and filaments (e); orange outlines indicate the position of three of the possible staminodes. Specimen, Mira 100-S170157 (a–e, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–c), 300 µm (d, e). in Early Flowers Of Primuloid Ericales From The Late Cretaceous Of Portugal And Their Ecological And Phytogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 7. SEM (a) and SRXTM (b–e) images of Miranthus kvacekii sp. nov.; Mira locality, Portugal. a: Lateral view of flower bud showing corolla lobes extending beyond calyx; note surface of pedicel, calyx and corolla with small equiaxial epidermal cells and indumentum of densely spaced, short stiff trichomes. b, c: Longitudinal sections through floral bud in two directions perpendicular to each other (a, orthoslice yz1024; b, orthoslice xz0950) showing corolla (co), calyx (ca), stamens (st) and semi-inferior ovary with thin ovary wall (ow) and central mushroom-shaped globose placenta (pl) bearing numerous ovules (ov). d, e: Transverse sections through floral bud above placenta (d, orthoslice xy0915; e, orthoslice xy1095) showing calyx (ca), corolla (co), ovary wall (ow) and ovules (ov); yellow outlines indicate the positions of anthers (d) and filaments (e); orange outlines indicate the position of three of the possible staminodes. Specimen, Mira 100-S170157 (a–e, holotype). Scale bars = 600 µm (a–c), 300 µm (d, e).
Data from SwAsp collection - environmental PCAs and bud set BLUPs
<p>Environmental variables at place of origin for individuals from the SwAsp population as well as the three first environmental PCAs calculated from this data. </p> <p>Best linear unbiased prediction of clone genetic values for bud set for clones form the SwAsp collection BLUPs are based on data from two common gardens (Sävar (63.89N, 20.54E) and Ekebo (55.95N, 13.12E)) and three years (2005, 2006 and 2007). More details about the common gardens can be found in Luquez, V., Hall, D., Albrectsen, B. R., Karlsson, J., Ingvarsson, P. K., & Jansson, S. (2008). Natural phenological variation in aspen (Populus tremula): the SwAsp collection. Tree Genetics & Genomes, 4(2), 279–292.</p>
Gymnocladus dioica (Fabaceae) - twig - close-up winter terminal bud
Image of Gymnocladus dioica (Fabaceae) - twig - close-up winter terminal bud
Rhododendron alabamense (Ericaceae) - twig - close-up winter terminal bud
Image of Rhododendron alabamense (Ericaceae) - twig - close-up winter terminal bud
Rhododendron alabamense (Ericaceae) - twig - close-up winter terminal bud
Image of Rhododendron alabamense (Ericaceae) - twig - close-up winter terminal bud
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.