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155 results for “butterfly diversity”
The Atlas of mitochondrial genetic diversity for Western Palearctic butterflies
<p>Abstract: Motivation<br>Butterflies represent a model in biology and a flagship group for invertebrate conservation. We provide four new resources for the Western-Palearctic butterflies: 1) An updated checklist comprising 552 species; 2) a curated dataset of 32,129 mitochondrial COI sequences for 532 species, including a de novo reference library for the Maghreb (Morocco and northern Algeria and Tunisia) and Macaronesia (Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands); 3) seven indexes of intraspecific genetic variation (IGV): observed and expected number of haplotypes, haplotype and nucleotide diversity, two fixation indexes, and maximum p-distance; 4) species-level maps illustrating the distribution of COI variability and haplotype networks. The updated checklist will be fundamental for any application dealing with butterfly diversity in Western Palearctic. IGV indexes provide measures for genetic polymorphism and spatial structure and represent proxies for dispersal capacity. These resources will facilitate comparative studies of macrogenetics, will foster integrative taxonomy, and will aid conservation strategies.</p> <p>Main types of variables contained<br>A complete species checklist in table format, 32,129 mitochondrial DNA-barcodes provided with metadata (species membership, WGS84 coordinates, sequence length), and a book in PDF format including the IGV atlas and indexes.</p> <p>Spatial location and grain<br>The checklist encompasses Europe up to Urals in the east, north Macaronesia (Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands), as well as the Maghreb (Morocco and northern Algeria and Tunisia). DNA-barcodes have been retained in the geographic interval of -31.3–67.5 degrees of longitude and 27.5–71.2 degrees of latitude.</p> <p>Time period and grain<br>DNA-barcodes originate from studies published between 1998-2022 and from de novo sequencing of 2,608 specimens done between 2007-2022.</p> <p>Major taxa and level of measurement<br>Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea), analysed from individual to species level.</p> <p>Software format<br>Data and functions to manage the dataset are provided in the iodatabase R package (<a href="https://github.com/leondap/iodatabase" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/leondap/iodatabase</a>) and in Dryad</p>
Figure 3 in Species richness and diversity of butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera) of Ganga Lake, Itanagar Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Figure 3. Relative abundance of butterflies in Ganga Lake.
Figure 1 in Species richness and diversity of butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera) of Ganga Lake, Itanagar Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Figure 1. Map of the survey area (source: Google Map).
Figure 4 in Diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) from cold desert of district Kargil in the union territory of Ladakh, India
Figure 4. Percentage composition of families of
Figure 5 in Diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) from cold desert of district Kargil in the union territory of Ladakh, India
Figure 5. Status-wise composition of butterfly species.
Figure 6 in Diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) from cold desert of district Kargil in the union territory of Ladakh, India
Figure 6. Percentage composition of families of butterflies.
Conserved ancestral tropical niche but different continental histories explain the latitudinal diversity gradient in brush-footed butterflies
<p><strong>Supplementary Tree 1.nex</strong> Nymphalidae backbone tree inferred with RAxML and time-calibrated using BEAST, with mean posterior node ages and 95% credibility intervals summarized.</p> <p>More information can be found in Chazot <em>et al.</em> (2021). Conserved ancestral tropical niche but different continental histories explain the latitudinal diversity gradient in brush-footed butterflies. <em>Nature Communications.</em></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Supplementary Tree 2</strong>.nex Maximum clade credibility tree of all Nymphalidae included in "Chazot <em>et al.</em> (2021). Conserved ancestral tropical niche but different continental histories explain the latitudinal diversity gradient in brush-footed butterflies. <em>Nature Communications."</em>, with mean posterior node ages and 95% credibility intervals estimated from the posterior distribution of 1000 grafted trees (1000 subclades posterior trees combined with 1000 backbone posterior trees). </p> <p>More information can be found in Chazot <em>et al.</em> (2021). Conserved ancestral tropical niche but different continental histories explain the latitudinal diversity gradient in brush-footed butterflies. <em>Nature Communications.</em></p>
Data from: Diversity of Andean shrubland puna butterflies of the genus Punargentus (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini, Pronophilina) with the description of two new species and two new subspecies
<p>Two new species and two new subspecies of the satyrine butterfly genus <em>Punargentus </em>Heimlich – <em>P. atusparia </em>n. sp., <em>P. heimlichi </em>n. sp., <em>P. blanchardi libertas </em>n. ssp. and<em> P. atusparia yupania </em>n. ssp.<em> </em>– are described from north-central Peru (Áncash, Huánuco and La Libertad). The affinities of the new taxa are evaluated based on molecular data obtained by target enrichment and COI barcoding. <em>Punargentus </em>is fully supported and divides into two branches, <em>P. lamna </em>clade with four species, and <em>P. blanchardi </em>clade with three species, two of which described here. The species of the <em>P. blanchardi </em>clade occur in Andean shrubland, at 2800-3600 m, whereas those of <em>P. lamna </em>clade are found in puna grassland at 3600-4600 m, with occasional overlapping. Considered their habitat preference, none of the newly described species requires immediate conservation measures.</p>
Demography and environment modulate the effects of genetic diversity on extinction risk in a butterfly metapopulation
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The Atlas of mitochondrial genetic diversity for Western Palearctic butterflies
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VCF-file for: The effects of GC-biased gene conversion on patterns of genetic diversity among and across butterfly genomes
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Data from: Vertical differentiation in tropical forest butterflies: a novel mechanism generating insect diversity?
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Neuroanatomical shifts mirror patterns of ecological divergence in three diverse clades of mimetic butterflies
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Opsin data from: Multiple axes of visual system diversity in Ithomiini, an ecologically diverse tribe of mimetic butterflies
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Data for: Community science reveals high diversity of nectaring plants visited by painted lady butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in California sage scrub
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Data from: Divergent melanism strategies in Andean butterfly communities structure diversity patterns and climate responses
Aim: Geographic distributions are driven by a combination of species sensitivity and exposure to climate. We quantified colour lightness, a trait that mediates the interaction between sensitivity and exposure, of diverse butterfly communities to test whether colour lightness is associated with community assembly across climate-elevation gradients. Location: Ecuadorian Andes Methods: We used a long-term dataset of museum specimens for two of the most speciose genera of Pieridae butterflies in Ecuador, Catasticta and Leptophobia. Within a phylogenetic framework we examined how communities assemble based on four traits across elevation: colour lightness, species-specific heating rate, maximum temperature (under experimental solar exposure), and elevation breadth. Results: We found that colour lightness in both genera was related to elevation, but the two genera exhibited opposite patterns; Catasticta are darker and Leptophobia are lighter with increasing elevation. The two genera have opposite configurations of body and body + wings colour lightness but achieve comparable thermoregulation, assessed via their rates of heating under experimental solar exposure. Additionally, we found that the phylogenetic signal for colour lightness was strong, and that patterns between traits and elevation held after correction for phylogeny in Catasticta but not in Leptophobia. Main conclusions: The two genera exhibit divergent relationships between elevational and colour lightness patterns, with evidence that these relationships evolved multiple times in Catasticta. Communities from these two genera have likely been shaped by selection on different traits, with Catasticta colour lightness more responsive to temperature than Leptophobia. The observed geographic patterns of colour lightness in both body + wings (Catasticta) and body (Leptophobia) correspond strikingly with the distribution of montane cloud forests. Habitat fragmentation and cloud lifting from climate change documented across the Andes may therefore significantly impact communities through increased exposure to solar radiation and highlights the complexity of conserving these diverse montane communities.
Data from: Diversity and composition of tropical butterflies along an Afromontane agricultural gradient in the Jimma Highlands, Ethiopia
Afromontane landscapes are typically characterized by a mosaic of smallholder farms and the biodiversity impacts of these practices will vary in accordance to local management and landscape context. Here, we assess how tropical butterfly diversity is maintained across an agricultural landscape in the Jimma Highlands of Ethiopia. We used transect surveys to sample understory butterfly communities within degraded natural forest, semi-managed coffee forest (SMCF), exotic timber plantations, open woodland, croplands and pasture. Surveys were conducted in 29 one-hectare plots and repeated five times between January and June 2013. We found that natural forest supports higher butterfly diversity than all agricultural plots (measured with Hill's numbers). SMCF and timber plantations retain relatively high abundance and diversity, but these metrics drop off sharply in open woodland, cropland and pasture. SMCF and timber plantations share the majority of their species with natural forest and support an equivalent abundance of forest-dependent species, with no increase in widespread species. There was some incongruence in the responses of families and sub-families, notably that Lycaenidae are strongly associated with open woodland and pasture. Adult butterflies clearly utilize forested agricultural practices such as SMCF and timber plantations, but species diversity declines steeply with distance from natural forest suggesting that earlier life-stages may depend on host plants and/or microclimatic conditions that are lost under agricultural management. From a management perspective, the protection of natural forest remains a priority for tropical butterfly conservation, but understanding functioning of the wider landscape mosaic is important as SMCF and timber plantations may act as habitat corridors that facilitate movement between forest fragments.
FIGURE 4 in Lepidoptera phylogeny and systematics: the state of inventorying moth and butterfly diversity
FIGURE 4. Cladogram of lepidopteran superfamilies/superfamily assemblages. Widths of clade bars pertaining to larger clades (>1.000 species) reflect estimated numbers of described species. Scale bar = 10,000 species. From Kristensen (ed.) (2003).
FIGURE 3 in Lepidoptera phylogeny and systematics: the state of inventorying moth and butterfly diversity
FIGURE 3. Two unit trays of moths from Linnaeus's collection. While these trays indeed contain 'Microlepidoptera' (typewritten labels in upper left corners) in the sense that the moths were described in Pyralis and Tinea, several of the species are now placed in the macrolepidopteran family Noctuidae. Courtesy of The Linnean Society of London.
FIGURE 1 in Lepidoptera phylogeny and systematics: the state of inventorying moth and butterfly diversity
FIGURE 1. Diagram of hypothesized adult ground plan of the Lepidoptera. Roman numerals refer to putative synapomorphies of Trichoptera and Lepidoptera, hence autapomorphies of superorder Amphiesmenoptera. Arabic numerals refer to putative lepidopteran groundplan autapomorphies. The characters in question are listed in the text. After Kristensen & Skalski (1998), slightly modified.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.