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37 results for “buzz”
Reduced visitation to buzz-pollinated Cyanella hyacinthoides in the presence of other pollen sources in the hyperdiverse Cape Floristic Region
<p>Many plant species have floral morphologies that restrict access to floral resources, such as pollen or nectar, and only a subset of floral visitors can perform the handling behaviours required to extract restricted resources. Due to the time and energy required to extract resources from morphologically complex flowers, these plant species potentially compete for pollinators with co-flowering plants that have more easily accessible resources. A widespread floral mechanism restricting access to pollen is the presence of tubular anthers that open through small pores or slits (poricidal anthers). Some bees have evolved the capacity to remove pollen from poricidal anthers using vibrations, giving rise to the phenomenon of buzz-pollination. These bee vibrations that are produced for pollen extraction are presumably energetically costly, and to date, few studies have investigated whether buzz-pollinated flowers may be at a disadvantage when competing for pollinators' attention with plant species that present unrestricted pollen resources. Here, we studied Cyanella hyacinthoides (Tecophilaeaceae), a geophyte with poricidal anthers in the hyperdiverse Cape Floristic Region of South Africa, to assess how the composition and relative abundance of flowers with easily accessible pollen affect bee visitation to a buzz-pollinated plant. We found that the number of pollinator species was not influenced by community composition. However, visitation rates to C. hyacinthoides were reduced when the relative abundances of flowers with more accessible resources were high. Visitation rates were strongly associated with petal colour, showing that flower colour is important in mediating these interactions. We conclude that buzz-pollinated plants might be at a competitive disadvantage when many easily accessible pollen sources are available, particularly when competitor species share its floral signals.</p>
buzzfindr: Automating the detection of feeding buzzes in bat echolocation recordings
<p>Quantification of bat communities and habitat heavily rely on non-invasive acoustic bat surveys the scope of which has greatly amplified with advances in remote monitoring technologies. Despite the unprecedented amount of acoustic data being collected, analysis of these data is often limited to simple species classification which provides little information on habitat function. Feeding buzzes, the rapid sequences of echolocation pulses emitted by bats during the terminal phase of prey capture, have historically been used to evaluate foraging habitat quality. Automated identification of feeding buzzes in recordings could benefit conservation by helping identify critical foraging habitat. I tested if detection of feeding buzzes in recordings could be automated with bat recordings from Ontario, Canada. Data were obtained using three different recording devices. The signal detection method involved sequentially scanning narrow frequency bands with the "Bioacoustics" R package signal detection algorithm, and extracting temporal and signal strength parameters from detections. Buzzes were best characterized by the standard deviation of the time between consecutive pulses, the average pulse duration, and the average pulse signal-to-noise ratio. Classification accuracy was highest with artificial neural networks and random forest algorithms. I compared each model's receiver operating characteristic curves and random forest provided better control over the false-positive rate so it was retained as the final model. When tested on a new dataset, buzzfindr's overall accuracy was 93.4% (95% CI: 91.5% - 94.9%). Overall accuracy was not affected by recording device type or species frequency group. Automated detection of feeding buzzes will facilitate their integration in the analytical workflow of acoustic bat studies to improve inferences on habitat use and quality.</p>
FIGURE 4 in Sagittanthera (Hyacinthaceae, Urgineoideae), a new buzz pollinated genus from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
FIGURE 4. Sagittanthera cyanelloides (Baker) Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo, A.P.Dold & Van Jaarsv. (Libode district, confluence of the Tina and Tsitsa rivers, A.P.Dold s.n., GRA). a−b. Transversal sections of leaves; c−d. Bulb with leaves. Scale bars: a = 5 mm; c = 1 cm.
FIGURE 5 in Sagittanthera (Hyacinthaceae, Urgineoideae), a new buzz pollinated genus from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
FIGURE 5. Known distribution of Sagittanthera Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo, A.P.Dold, & Van Jaarsv. in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Green circles: S. cyanelloides; Red triangle: S. mzimvubuensis.
FIGURE 6 in Sagittanthera (Hyacinthaceae, Urgineoideae), a new buzz pollinated genus from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
FIGURE 6. Sagittanthera mzimvubuensis (Van Jaarsv.) Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo, A.P.Dold & Van Jaarsv. at the type locality (lower Mzimvubu River, near Lutengela).
FIGURE 3 in Sagittanthera (Hyacinthaceae, Urgineoideae), a new buzz pollinated genus from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
FIGURE 3. Sagittanthera cyanelloides (Baker) Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo, A.P.Dold & Van Jaarsv. (Libode district, confluence of the Tina and Tsitsa rivers, A.P.Dold s.n., GRA). a. Plant; b. Flower dissection; c. Bract and bracteole; d. Inflorescence with atypical flowers in the upper part with 4−5 tepals; e. Leaves; f. Bulb scales. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIGURE 2 in Sagittanthera (Hyacinthaceae, Urgineoideae), a new buzz pollinated genus from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
FIGURE 2. Flowers and pollen release by vibration in Sagittanthera cyanelloides (Baker) Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo, A.P.Dold & Van Jaarsv. (from Libode district, confluence of the Tina and Tsitsa rivers, A.P.Dold s.n., GRA). a. Pedicellate flower with spurred bract and connate anthers, and hidden style; b. Detail of the connate anthers dehiscing by minute apical pores, with style protruding subsequent to pollen release; c−d. Release of pollen grains when a tuning fork is applied to the flower.
Data from: Bee and floral traits affect the characteristics of the vibrations experienced by flowers during buzz-pollination
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Reduced visitation to buzz-pollinated Cyanella hyacinthoides in the presence of other pollen sources in the hyperdiverse Cape Floristic Region
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Data from: Does body size predict the buzz-pollination frequencies used by bees?
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Data and code for "Biomechanical properties of a buzz-pollinated flower"
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Data from: Do sun orchids mimic buzz-pollinated plants? An experimental test of the adaptive significance of false anthers
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buzzfindr: Automating the detection of feeding buzzes in bat echolocation recordings
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Data from: An affordable apparatus for fine‐controlled emulation of buzzing frequencies of bees for the testing hypothesis in buzz interactions
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Data from: Buzz factor or innovation potential: what explains cryptocurrencies' returns?
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Here's the Buzz: Evaluating Pediatric Post Op Pain and Nausea Following Tonsillectomy Surgery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04910919. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
FIGURE 1 in Sagittanthera (Hyacinthaceae, Urgineoideae), a new buzz pollinated genus from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa
FIGURE 1. Main diagnostic characters of Sagittanthera Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo, A.P.Dold & Van Jaarsv. (S. cyanelloides (Baker) Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo, A.P.Dold & Van Jaarsv. from Libode district, confluence of the Tina and Tsitsa rivers, A.P.Dold s.n., GRA). Arrow-heads indicate the connate anthers forming a conical structure dehiscing by minute apical pores, and the presence of bracteoles.
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