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37 results for “buzz”
Vibrational signals produced by wing buzzing in Cacopsylla pyrisuga males (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
<p>High-speed camera (video files) and laser vibrometer (audio files) recordings of Cacopsylla pyrisuga males producing vibrational signals - a dataset accompanying the publication</p> <p>Polajnar J., Kvinikadze E., Harley A.W., Malenovský I. (2024) Wing buzzing as a mechanism for generating vibrational signals in psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea). Insect Science. See the publication for details about the methodology used.</p> <p>The dataset additionaly includes tracked points at wing and abdomen tips from two videos, and an R script with instructions to read this data.</p>
Using geometric morphometrics to determine the 'fittest' floral shape: a case study in large-flowered buzz-pollinated Melastomataceae
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>PREMISE</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Floral shape, i.e. the relative arrangement and position of floral organs, is critical in mediating fit with pollinators and maximizing conspecific pollen transfer. This seems particularly true for functionally specialized systems. To date, however, few studies have attempted to quantify flowers as the inherently three-dimensional structures that they are, and determine the effect of<span> </span><span><span>intraspecific</span> </span>shape variation on pollen transfer. We here address this research gap using a functionally specialized system, buzz pollination, where bees extract pollen through vibrations, as a model. Our study species, <em>Meriania hernandoi</em> (Melastomataceae), undergoes a natural floral shape change from pseudo-campanulate corollas with more actinomorphically-arranged stamens (first day) to open corollas with more zygomorphic stamens (second day) over anthesis, providing a natural experiment to test how variation in floral shape affects male and female fitness.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>METHODS</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>In one population of <em>M. hernandoi</em>, we bagged 51 pre-anthetic flowers and exposed half of them to bee pollinators when they were in either st<span>age of their shape transition. We then collected flowers, obtained 3D flower models through X-ray Computed Tomography for 3D geometric morphometrics, and counted the amount of pollen grains remaining per stamen (male fitness) and stigmatic pollen loads (female fitness). </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>KEY RESULTS</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>We found significantly higher male fitness in open flowers with zygomorphic androecia than in pseudo-campanulate flowers. Female fitness did not differ among floral shapes. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>CONCLUSIONS</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>These results suggest that there is an 'optimal' shape for male fitness, while the movement of bees around the flower when buzzing the spread-out stamens results in sufficient pollen deposition regardless of floral shape.</span></p>
Using geometric morphometrics to determine the ‘fittest’ floral shape: a case study in large-flowered buzz-pollinated Melastomataceae
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Data from: Efficiency of using electric toothbrush as an alternative to tuning fork for artificial buzz pollination is independent of instrument buzzing frequency
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Data and Code from Pritchard & Vallejo-Marin (2020) "Floral vibrations by buzz-pollinating bees achieve higher frequency, velocity and acceleration than flight and defence vibrations"
<p>Data and Code from Pritchard & Vallejo-Marin (2020) "Floral vibrations by buzz-pollinating bees achieve higher frequency, velocity and acceleration than flight and defence vibrations" Journal of Experimental Biology. doi: 10.1242/jeb.220541</p>
Data from: Flight of the bumble bee: buzzes predict pollination services
Multiple interacting factors drive recent declines in wild and managed bees, threatening their pollination services. Widespread and intensive monitoring could lead to more effective management of wild and managed bees. However, tracking their dynamic populations is costly. We tested the effectiveness of an inexpensive, noninvasive and passive acoustic survey technique for monitoring bumble bee behavior and pollination services. First, we assessed the relationship between the first harmonic of the flight buzz (characteristic frequency) and pollinator functional traits that influence pollination success using flight cage experiments and a literature search. We analyzed passive acoustic survey data from three locations on Pennsylvania Mountain, Colorado to estimate bumble bee activity. We developed an algorithm based on Computational Auditory Scene Analysis that identified and quantified the number of buzzes recorded in each location. We then compared visual and acoustic estimates of bumble bee activity. Using pollinator exclusion experiments, we tested the power of buzz density to predict pollination services at the landscape scale for two bumble bee pollinated alpine forbs (Trifolium dasyphyllum and T. parryi). We found that the characteristic frequency was correlated with traits known to affect pollination efficacy, explaining 30-52% of variation in body size and tongue length. Buzz density was highly correlated with visual estimates of bumble bee density (r = 0.97), indicating that acoustic signals are predictive of bumble bee activity. Buzz density predicted seed set in two alpine forbs when bumble bees were permitted access to the flowers, but not when they were excluded from visiting. Our results indicate that acoustic signatures of flight can be deciphered to monitor bee activity and pollination services to bumble bee pollinated plants. We propose that applications of this technique could assist scientists and farmers in rapidly detecting and responding to bee population declines.
Anther cones increase pollen release in buzz-pollinated Solanum flowers
<p>The widespread evolution of tube-like anthers releasing pollen from apical pores is associated with buzz pollination, in which bees vibrate flowers to remove pollen. The mechanical connection among anthers in buzz-pollinated species varies from loosely held conformations, to anthers tightly held together with trichomes or bio-adhesives forming a functionally joined conical structure (anther cone). Joined anther cones in buzz-pollinated species have evolved independently across plant families and via different genetic mechanisms, yet their functional significance remains mostly untested. We used experimental manipulations to compare vibrational and functional (pollen release) consequences of joined anther cones in three buzz-pollinated species of Solanum (Solanaceae). We applied bee-like vibrations to focal anthers in flowers with ("joined") and without ("free") experimentally created joined anther cones, and characterised vibrations transmitted to other anthers and the amount of pollen released. We found that joined anther architectures cause non-focal anthers to vibrate at higher amplitudes than free architectures. Moreover, in the two species with naturally loosely held anthers, anther fusion increases pollen release, while in the species with a free but naturally compact architecture it does not. We discuss hypotheses for the adaptive significance of the convergent evolution of joined anther cones.</p>
Data: Thorax Vibration and Force Generation During Non-Flight Behaviors in Carpenter Bees (Xylocopa: Apidae): Implications for Floral Buzzing
<p>Interval data from the manuscript "Thorax Vibration and Force Generation During Non-Flight Behaviors in Carpenter Bees (<em>Xylocopa</em>: Apidae): Implications for Floral Buzzing "</p>
Data and models to accompany "Turgor pressure affects transverse stiffness and resonant frequencies of buzz-pollinated poricidal anthers"
<p>Data sets and models to accompany the paper "Turgor pressure affects transverse stiffness and resonant frequencies of buzz-pollinated poricidal anthers". </p>
Pre-release Consumer Buzz on YouTube Trailers
<p>Consensus and valence of pre-release comments on YouTube trailers for movies released between 2015-2017. Analysis of 1.4 million YouTube comments on 146 movies. Information on opening weekend box office, sequel, MPA, star buzz, budget and distribution. </p>
Buzz pollination: Investigations of pollen expulsion using the discrete element method data
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Data from: Flight of the bumble bee: buzzes predict pollination services
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From buzzes to bytes: A systematic review of automated bioacoustics models used to detect, classify, and monitor insects
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Data from: Gradual pollen release in a buzz pollinated plant: Investigating pollen presentation theory under bee visitation
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Anther cones increase pollen release in buzz-pollinated Solanum flowers
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Data and code for "Biomechanical properties of a buzz-pollinated flower"
<p>Approximately half of all bee species use vibrations to remove pollen from plants with diverse floral morphologies. In many buzz-pollinated flowers, these mechanical vibrations generated by bees are transmitted through floral tissues, principally pollen-containing anthers, causing pollen to be ejected from small openings (pores or slits) at the tip of the stamen. Despite the importance of substrate-borne vibrations for both bees and plants, few studies to date have characterised the transmission properties of floral vibrations. In this study, we use contactless laser vibrometry to evaluate the transmission of vibrations in the corolla and anthers of buzz- pollinated flowers of Solanum rostratum, and measured vibrations in three spatial axes. We found that floral vibrations conserve their dominant frequency (300Hz) as they are transmitted throughout the flower. We also found that vibrations are generally amplified (up to >400%) as they travel from the receptacle at the base of the flower to other floral structures, and that anthers vibrate with a higher amplitude velocity than petals. Together, these results suggest that vibrations travel differently through floral structures and across different spatial axes. As pollen release is a function of vibration amplitude, we conjecture that bees might benefit from applying vibrations in the axes associated with higher vibration amplification.</p>
Data from: Bee and floral traits affect the characteristics of the vibrations experienced by flowers during buzz-pollination
During buzz pollination, bees use their indirect flight muscles to produce vibrations that are transmitted to the flowers and result in pollen release. Although buzz pollination has been known for >100 years, we are still in the early stages of understanding how bee and floral characteristics affect the production and transmission of floral vibrations. Here we analysed floral vibrations produced by four closely related bumblebee taxa (Bombus spp.) on two buzz-pollinated plants species (Solanum spp.). We measured floral vibrations transmitted to the flower to establish the extent to which the mechanical properties of floral vibrations depend on bee and plant characteristics. By comparing four bee taxa visiting the same plant species, we found that peak acceleration (PA), root mean-squared acceleration (RMS) and frequency varies between bee taxa, but that neither bee size (intertegular distance) or flower biomass (dry weight) affect PA, RMS or frequency. A comparison of floral vibrations of two bee taxa visiting flowers of two plant species, showed that, while bee species affects PA, RMS and frequency, plant species affects acceleration (PA and RMS) but not frequency. When accounting for differences in the transmission of vibrations across the two types of flowers, using a species-specific 'coupling factor', we found that RMS acceleration and peak displacement does not differ between plant species. This suggests that bees produce the same initial acceleration in different plants but that transmission of these vibrations through the flower is affected by floral characteristics.
FIGURE 2 in Helobdella buzz n. sp. (Clitellata: Hirudinida), a bromeliad leech from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 2. Longitudinal sections of Helobdella buzz. A. Nuchal region showing the internal structure of the protrusion of the skin; B. Segments XII-XIV showing the position of the compact salivary glands (arrow). C. Male (yellow arrow) and female (red arrow) gonopores. D. Genital region showing the compact salivary gland (arrow).
FIGURE 3 in Helobdella buzz n. sp. (Clitellata: Hirudinida), a bromeliad leech from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 3. Internal morphology of Helobdella buzz. A. atrium; ED. ejaculatory duct; G. ganglium; GC. gastric caecum; O. ovisac; P. proboscis; PC. post-caecum; SD. salivary duct; SG. salivary gland; T. testisac.
FIGURE 1 in Helobdella buzz n. sp. (Clitellata: Hirudinida), a bromeliad leech from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 1. External morphology of Helobdella buzz. A. Entire leech, dorsal view showing the protrusion of the skin (arrow); B. Entire leech, ventral view; C. Ventral view of the anterior end; D. Dorsal view of the anterior end showing the eyespots (arrows); E. Ventral view of the genital region showing male (M) and female (F) gonopores; F. Lateral view of the anterior end showing the protrusion of the skin (arrow).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.