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91 results for “canids”
Text-fig. 17. Percussion marks on the diaphysis of humerus 98-594-A-Předm, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 17. Percussion marks on the diaphysis of humerus 98-594-A-Předm, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.
Text-fig. 15. Oblique cut marks on the mid-shaft of tibia 98-596-B (1) Př15/5 83, root traces visible on the shaft, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 15. Oblique cut marks on the mid-shaft of tibia 98-596-B (1) Př15/5 83, root traces visible on the shaft, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.
Text-fig. 16. Impact marks on the ventral edge of mandible 98-583-C-Př5-90-92, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 16. Impact marks on the ventral edge of mandible 98-583-C-Př5-90-92, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.
Text-fig. 13. "Repetive" marks on femur P12403 Předmostí 1928, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 13. "Repetive" marks on femur P12403 Předmostí 1928, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.
Text-fig. 8. Disarticulation marks on tibia 98-589-B-Předmostí 1928, transversal cut marks on the tibial tuberosity and on the tibial crest are visible, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 8. Disarticulation marks on tibia 98-589-B-Předmostí 1928, transversal cut marks on the tibial tuberosity and on the tibial crest are visible, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.
Text-fig. 11. Longitudinal defleshing marks on ochre-stained tibia 98-601a-F to extract the meat of m. fibularis longus and part of m. flexor digitorum, fossilised rootlets visible on the shaft. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 11. Longitudinal defleshing marks on ochre-stained tibia 98-601a-F to extract the meat of m. fibularis longus and part of m. flexor digitorum, fossilised rootlets visible on the shaft.
Text-fig. 10. Defleshing marks on femur 98-601a-D to cut loose the quadriceps femoris muscle, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 10. Defleshing marks on femur 98-601a-D to cut loose the quadriceps femoris muscle, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.
Text-fig. 12. "Repetitive" marks on humerus P12404 Předmostí 1928, root traces visible on the shaft, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 12. "Repetitive" marks on humerus P12404 Předmostí 1928, root traces visible on the shaft, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.
Text-fig. 6. Disarticulation marks on humerus 98-594-C-P (2) for disarticulation from the scapula, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 6. Disarticulation marks on humerus 98-594-C-P (2) for disarticulation from the scapula, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.
Text-fig. 9. Defleshing marks on ulna 98-596-D on the olecranon related to the cutting of caput longum and the caput laterale of the m. triceps, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 9. Defleshing marks on ulna 98-596-D on the olecranon related to the cutting of caput longum and the caput laterale of the m. triceps, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.
Text-fig. 7. Disarticulation marks on the neck of femur 98-598-D to dismember it from the hip joint, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 7. Disarticulation marks on the neck of femur 98-598-D to dismember it from the hip joint, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.
Text-fig. 20. Carnivore puncture mark on tibia 97-597-C-Př82, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 20. Carnivore puncture mark on tibia 97-597-C-Př82, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.
Text-fig. 5. Disarticulation marks on the head of humerus 98- 594-B-P (1) to disarticulate the shoulder joint, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 5. Disarticulation marks on the head of humerus 98- 594-B-P (1) to disarticulate the shoulder joint, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.
Text-fig. 3. Schematic position of the human modifications (cut marks, impact marks, ochre traces, inserted bones) recognised on the canid remains from Předmostí, indicated on a wolf skeleton; the frequencies of the modifications are not shown. Modified after © 2003 ArcheoZoo.org / Michel Coutureau (Inrap). in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 3. Schematic position of the human modifications (cut marks, impact marks, ochre traces, inserted bones) recognised on the canid remains from Předmostí, indicated on a wolf skeleton; the frequencies of the modifications are not shown. Modified after © 2003 ArcheoZoo.org / Michel Coutureau (Inrap).
Text-fig. 1. Map of northern Eurasia with the most important sites discussed in the text: 1: Předmostí, 2: Pavlov, 3: Dolní Věstonice, 4: Krems Wachtberg, 5: Braives, 6: Trou des Nutons, 7: Jaurens, 8: Maldidier, 9: Lokomotiv, 10: Geographical Society cave. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 1. Map of northern Eurasia with the most important sites discussed in the text: 1: Předmostí, 2: Pavlov, 3: Dolní Věstonice, 4: Krems Wachtberg, 5: Braives, 6: Trou des Nutons, 7: Jaurens, 8: Maldidier, 9: Lokomotiv, 10: Geographical Society cave.
Genome sequencing of 2,000 canids advances the understanding of demography, genome function and architecture
<p><strong>Background: </strong>The international Dog10K project aims to sequence and analyze several thousand canine genomes. Incorporating 20x data from 1,987 individuals, including 1,611 dogs (321 breeds), 309 village dogs, 63 wolves and four coyotes, we identify genomic variation across the canid family, setting the stage for detailed studies of domestication, behavior, morphology, disease susceptibility and genome architecture and function.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>We report the analysis of >48M single nucleotide, indel, and structural variants spanning the autosomes, X chromosome and mitochondria. We discover more than 75% of variation for 239 sampled breeds. Allele sharing analysis indicates that 94.9% of breeds form monophyletic clusters and 25 major clades. German Shepherd Dogs and related breeds show the highest allele sharing with independent breeds from multiple clades. On average, each breed dog differs from the UU_Cfam_GSD_1.0 reference at 26,960 deletions and 14,034 insertions greater than 50bp, with wolves having 14% more variants. Discovered variants include retrogene insertions from 926 parent genes. To aid functional prioritization, single nucleotide variants were annotated with SnpEff and Zoonomia phyloP constraint scores. Constrained positions were negatively correlated with allele frequency. Finally, the utility of the Dog10K data as an imputation reference panel is assessed, generating high confidence calls across varied genotyping platform densities including for breeds not included in the Dog10K collection.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We have developed a dense dataset of 1,987 sequenced canids that reveals patterns of allele sharing, identifies likely functional variants, informs breed structure, and enables accurate imputation. Dog10K data are publicly available</p>
Data from: Responses of sympatric canids to human development revealed through citizen science
<p>Measuring wildlife responses to anthropogenic activities often requires long-term, large-scale datasets that are difficult to collect. This is particularly true for rare or cryptic species, which includes many mammalian carnivores. Citizen science, in which members of the public participate in scientific work, can facilitate collection of large datasets while increasing public awareness of wildlife research and conservation. Hunters provide unique benefits for citizen science given their knowledge and interest in outdoor activities. We examined how anthropogenic changes to land cover impacted relative abundance of two sympatric canids, coyote (<i>Canis latrans</i>) and red fox (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>) at a large spatial scale. In order to assess how land cover affected canids at this scale, we used citizen science data from bow hunter sighting logs collected throughout New York State, USA, during 2004–2017. We found that the two species had contrasting responses to development, with red foxes positively correlated and coyotes negatively correlated with the percentage of low-density development. Red foxes also responded positively to agriculture, but less so when agricultural habitat was fragmented. Agriculture provides food and denning resources for red foxes, whereas coyotes may select forested areas for denning. Though coyotes and red foxes compete in areas of sympatry, we did not find a relationship between species abundance, likely a consequence of the coarse spatial resolution used. Red foxes may be able to coexist with coyotes by altering their diets and habitat use, or by maintaining territories in small areas between coyote territories. Our study shows the value of citizen science, and particularly hunters, in collection of long-term data across large areas (i.e., the entire state of New York) that otherwise would unlikely be obtained.</p>
Data from: Dietary specialization is linked to reduced species durations in North American fossil canids
How traits influence species persistence is a fundamental question in ecology, evolution, and paleontology. We test the relationship between dietary traits and both species duration and locality coverage over 40 million years in North American canids, a clade with considerable ecomorphological disparity and a dense fossil record. Because ecomorphological generalization--broad resource use--may enable species to withstand disturbance, we predicted that canids of average size and mesocarnivory would exhibit longer durations and wider distributions than specialized larger or smaller species. Second, because locality coverage might reflect dispersal ability and/or survivability in a range of habitats, we predicted that high coverage would correspond with longer durations. We find a non-linear relationship between species duration and degree of carnivory: species at either end of the carnivory spectrum tend to have shorter durations than mesocarnivores. Locality coverage shows no relationship with size, diet, nor duration. To test whether generalization (medium size, mesocarnivory) corresponds to an adaptive optimum, we fit trait evolution models to previously generated canid phylogenies. Our analyses identify no single optimum in size or diet. Instead, the primary model of size evolution is a classic Cope's Rule increase over time, while dietary evolution does not conform to a single model.
Data for: Spatial prey availability and pulsed reproductive tactics: encounter risk in a canid-ungulate system
<ol> <li>Predation risk is a function of spatiotemporal overlap between predator and prey, as well as behavioral responses during encounters. Dynamic factors (e.g., group size, prey availability, and animal movement or state) affect risk, but rarely are integrated in risk assessments. Our work targets a system where predation risk is fundamentally linked to temporal patterns in prey abundance and behavior. For neonatal ungulate prey, risk is defined within a short temporal window during which the pulse in parturition, increasing movement capacity with age, and anti-predation tactics have the potential to mediate risk.</li> <li>In our coyote – mule deer (<em>Canis</em> <em>latrans</em> – <em>Odocoileus</em> <em>hemionus</em>) system, leveraging GPS data collected from both predator and prey, we tested expectations of the shared enemy and reproductive risk hypotheses. We asked two questions regarding risk: (A) how do primary and alternative prey habitat, predator and prey activity, and reproductive tactics (e.g., birth synchrony, maternal defense) influence vulnerability of a neonate encountering a predator? (B) How do the same factors affect behavior by predators relative to time before and after an encounter?</li> <li>Despite increased selection for mule deer and intensified search behavior by coyotes during the peak in mule deer parturition, mule deer were afforded protection from predation via predator swamping, experiencing reduced per-capita encounter risk when most neonates were born. Mule deer occupying rabbit habitat (<em>Sylvilagus</em> spp.; coyote's primary prey) experienced the greatest risk of encounter but the availability of rabbit habitat did not affect predator behavior during encounters. Encounter risk increased in areas with greater availability of mule deer habitat, coyotes shifted their behavior relative to deer habitat, and the pulse in mule deer parturition and movement of neonatal deer during encounters elicited increased speed and tortuosity by coyotes.</li> <li>In addition to the spatial distribution of prey, temporal patterns in prey availability, and animal behavioral state were fundamental in defining risk. Our work reveals the nuanced consequences of pulsed availability on predation risk for alternative prey, whereby responses by predators to sudden resource availability, the lasting effects of diversionary prey, and inherent antipredation tactics ultimately dictate risk.</li> </ol>
Figure 3 in Current status, distribution, and conservation of brown bear (Ursidae) and wild canids (gray wolf, golden jackal, and red fox; Canidae) in Turkey
Figure 3. The distribution map of golden jackal.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.